Pomorie

Coordinates: 42°34′6″N 27°37′0″E / 42.56833°N 27.61667°E / 42.56833; 27.61667
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Pomorie
Поморие
Town
Aerial view of Pomorie
Aerial view of Pomorie
UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
8200

Pomorie (

Burgas Bay on the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
.

It is situated in Burgas Province, 20,5 km away from the city of Burgas and 18 km from the Sunny Beach resort. The ultrasaline lagoon Lake Pomorie, the northernmost of the Burgas Lakes, lies in the immediate proximity. The town is the administrative centre of the eponymous Pomorie Municipality.

Pomorie is an ancient city and today an important tourist destination. As of 2020, it has a population of 13,926 inhabitants.[1] It lies at 42°33′N 27°39′E / 42.550°N 27.650°E / 42.550; 27.650.

Name

Centre of Pomorie

Pomorie was founded by the

Ancient Greek: Ἀγχίαλος), deriving from Ancient Greek "anchi-" ("near, close to") and "als-" (either "salt" or a poetic and uncommon word for "sea"). In Latin, this was rendered as Anchialus. The Bulgars
called the town Tuthom, though its more common name in Bulgarian was Анхиало, Anhialo based on the Greek name. During the Ottoman rule, the town was called Ahyolu. In 1934 the town was renamed to Pomorie, from the Bulgarian "po-" (in this context "by, next to") and "more" ("sea"), corresponding to one of the two etymologies of the original Greek name.

History

Ancient Greek colony and Roman centre

Possibly founded in the 5th or 4th century BC as a colony of Apollonia (today Sozopol), Anchialos was mentioned in Strabo's Geographica as a small town. It was briefly captured by Messembria (Nesebar) in the 2nd century BC, but reconquered by Apollonia and its fortified walls destroyed.

The western

Severan Dynasty
, serving as the most important import and export station of Thrace.

Early Byzantine rule

However, the invasion of barbarian tribes from the north meant an end to this prosperity in the middle of the 3rd century, with the Goths briefly capturing Anchialos around 270. Diocletian stayed in the city between 28 and 30 October 294. His and Constantine the Great's reforms restored the city's prosperity for a while, as the proximity to the new capital of Constantinople made Anchialos a key food supply centre.

Vitalian
in 513 revolted in the region and briefly took control of Anchialos and the neighbouring cities to use their fleet in his attack of Constantinople until he was crushed in 515.

The

Council of Constantinople (879).[3][4][5] No longer a residential bishopric, Anchialus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[6]

Pomorie's ancient Thracian tomb

The

Bayan turned the city into his residence for a few months and concluded a peace treaty with the Byzantines. At the eve of his campaigns, the emperor Maurice
visited the city to oversee reconstruction.

Byzantine and Bulgarian rule

After 681 and the formation of the

Tervel. On 30 June 763 the Bulgars under Telets suffered a defeat by the Byzantine army of Constantine V
. On 21 June 766 the same emperor's fleet of 2,600 heavy ships sank en route to Anchialos, where Constantine was waiting, and most soldiers drowned, forcing him to return to Constantinople.

In May 783

Krum, who settled Slavs
and Bulgars in Anchialos. The Byzantines restored their control over the city and the area in 864.

The

Simeon the Great's greatest military achievements. Simeon's army routed the considerably larger Byzantine forces under Leo Phocas. Bulgaria retained the city until 971, when the Byzantine Empire reconquered it and held it for two centuries as Bulgaria was subjugated. After the restoration of the Bulgarian state Anchialos changed hands several times until it was captured by the Venetian knights of Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy in October 1366. The next year it was ceded to Byzantium.[7]

Ottoman rule

After the

Jeremias II Tranos
(1572–1579, 1580–1584, 1587–1595).

Already before 1819 many prominent locals joined the Greek patriotic organization

Russo-Turkish War of 1828-1829 Anchialos was captured by the Russian forces on 11 July 1829 and held for a year. At the time it was mainly inhabited by Greeks,[9] with minorities of Bulgarians and Turks,[8] had a population of 5,000-6,000, six Orthodox churches and a mosque. After the Russian forces withdrew the whole of what is today Eastern Bulgaria gradually depopulated, with many people fleeing to the Christian lands to the north. Pomorie's St George's Monastery was founded in 1856. It was a kaza centre in İslimye sanjak of Edirne Province before 1878 as "Ahyolu".[10]

Part of Bulgaria

Anchialos was liberated from Ottoman rule on 27 January 1878 and became part of

kaza centre in Burgaz sanjak until Bulgaria unified in 1885. At the turn of the 20th century Anchialos was a town of about 6,000 inhabitants of which 82% were Greeks.[11] Pomorie was one of the predominantly Greek-inhabited towns in Bulgaria that were affected by anti-Greek pogroms in early 1900s. The local Greek community was already targeted by the Bulgarian authorities from early 1905.[12] The town was burnt down in July, 1906, and over 300 Greeks were murdered. The perpetrators were Bulgarian refugees from the region of Macedonia as a response to the massacre of the Bulgarian inhabitants of the village of Zagorichani by Greek militants. In addition to political reasons there were also economic motives.[13][14][12] The Bulgarian authorities were accused by most European governments due to this turn of events. The destruction of the town was compared by contemporary European diplomacy to the anti-Jewish pogroms in Russia.[12]

The town accommodated many Bulgarian refugees from

Lozengrad after World War I, who replaced the Greeks who had fled in the first decade of the 20th century; in 1906 they founded Nea Anchialos in Greece. During the 19th and 20th century it gradually lost most of its importance in the southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast at the expense of rapidly developing Burgas
. It established itself as a centre of wine and salt production and was renamed Pomorie in 1934/1935.

Landmarks

Building of Pomorie Municipality in 2010
Nativity of Theotokos Church in 2010
Pomorie salt works
  • Municipal museum and gallery
  • Salt Museum, Pomorie
  • Ancient Thracian beehive tomb from the Roman period (3rd century AD)
  • Traditional 19th-century wooden houses
  • Nativity of Theotokos Church (1890)
  • Church of the Transfiguration of God (1765)
  • St George
    's Monastery (1856)
  • Yavorov's Rocks

Honour

Pomorie Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Pomorie.

References

  1. ^ a b Bulgarian National Statistical Institute - POPULATION BY TOWNS AND SEX AS OF 31.12.2020
  2. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p. 832
  3. ^ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 1189-1192
  4. ^ Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica, Vol. 2, pp. 41
  5. ^ Siméon Vailhé, v. Anchialos, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. II, Paris 1914, coll. 1511-1513
  6. ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
    ), p. 832
  7. ^ Beshevliev, Boyan. "Anchialos/Ahelo (Middle Ages)". Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
  8. ^ a b Κοτζάμπαση, Μαρία. "Great Online Encyclopaedia of Black Sea" Αγχίαλος (Νεότεροι χρόνοι) (in Greek). Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  9. ISBN 978-0-8014-4945-1
    .
  10. ^ Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
  11. ISBN 978-0801461163
    .
  12. ^ a b c Theodora Dragostinova, Between two motherlands : nationality and emigration among the Greeks of Bulgaria, 1900-1949. Cornell University Press, 2011. [1], page=44-47
  13. ISBN 978-1-4422-4180-0
    .
  14. ISBN 9789027293404
    .

External links

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