Pope Callixtus III
Eugene IV | |
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Personal details | |
Born | Alfons de Borja 31 December 1378 |
Died | 6 August 1458 Rome, Papal States | (aged 79)
Previous post(s) |
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Education | University of Lleida |
Coat of arms | |
Other popes named Callixtus |
Papal styles of Pope Callixtus III | |
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His Holiness | |
Spoken style | Your Holiness |
Religious style | Holy Father |
Posthumous style | None |
Pope Callixtus III (Italian: Callisto III, Valencian: Calixt III, Spanish: Calixto III; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia (Valencian: Alfons de Borja), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death, in August 1458.
Borgia spent his early career as a professor of law at the
In 1444,
Family
Alfonso de Borgia was born in La Torreta in 1378. La Torreta was at the time in the
Alfonso was baptized at Saint Mary's Basilica in
Early church career
Borgia studied grammar, logic and the arts in Valencia and went in 1392 to the
Borgia was chosen as a delegate of the
In 1418, he was named as the rector of San Nicolas of Valencia. He was also the vice-chancellor of the University of Lleida from 1420 to 1423. In 1424, he resigned his position and dedicated his service to the Aragonese king. In 1424, he was named as the apostolic administrator of the see of Mallorca. It was at that time that the king desired that he be made a
Episcopate and cardinalate
Borgia was appointed
Borgia's coat of arms after he was consecrated featured a grazing ox. As pope it remained the same.
Pontificate
Borgia was elected
Not quite two years after the
The princes of Europe were slow in responding to the call of the pope, largely due to national rivalries. England and France's
In 1456 the pope issued the
Callixtus III ordered a
Callixtus III
The pope approved of the establishment of the University of Greifswald in 1456.
According to one story that first appeared in a 1475 posthumous biography and was subsequently embellished and popularized by
Death
Callixtus III died on 6 August 1458. His remains were transferred in 1586 and again in 1610 with the remains of his nephew Alexander VI to
Legacy
Catholic historian Ludwig von Pastor opined:
"Except for his nepotism, Calixtus III deserves high praise, more especially for the energy, constancy and purpose which he displayed in dealing with the burning question of the day – the protection of Western civilization from the Turkish power. In this matter he gave a grand example to Christendom, and it is to be observed that in the midst of the military and political interest which claimed so large a share of his time and attention, he did not neglect the internal affairs of the Church, and vigorously opposed heresies."[16]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Anna y Canals. Valencia". palomatorrijos (in Spanish). 12 June 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
... En el siglo XIV se construyó junto a la torre, y aprovechando parte de sus murallas, un pequeño Palacio Gótico que era la sede de la baronía de La Torre, independiente de Canals, cuyos titulares eran los Borgia. En este lugar nació en 1378 Alfonso Borgia, el que fuera futuro papa Calixto III. ...'
- ^ Rolfe, p. 12
- ^ Statue of Pope Calixtus III,St. Mary's Basilica,La Seu Cathedral,Xàtiva,Valencia,Spain, Archived 20 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rolfe, pp. 12–13
- ^ Reinhart, Albert (1912). St. Vincent Ferrer. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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ignored (help) - ^ McBrien, p. 260
- ^ a b c d "MacCaffrey, James. "Pope Callistus III." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 24 Jul. 2014".
- ^ Pastor, pp. 337-338
- ^ Pastor, p. 348
- ^ European treaties bearing on the history of the United States and its Dependencies to 1648, ed. Frances Gardiner Davenport, (Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1917), 27.
- ^ Castor, Helen (2015). Joan of Arc. HarperCollins. pp. 231, 241.
- ^ Miranda, Salvador. Consistories for the creation of Cardinals: 15th Century (1394-1503) Archived 12 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
- ^ Montor, p. 190.
- OCLC 1017058.
- Bibcode:1910PA.....18..214R.
- ^ Pastor, pp. 479–480
Bibliography
- Coulombe, Charles A. (2003). A History of the Popes : Vicars of Christ. New York: MJF Books. ISBN 1-56731-747-2.
- Davenport, Frances Gardiner, editor (1917). European treaties bearing on the history of the United States and its Dependencies to 1648, Carnegie Institute of Washington.
- Gower, Ronald Sutherland (2007). Joan of Arc, BiblioBazaar LLC.
- ISBN 978-0-547-24781-6.
- Kelly, J. N. D. (2015). "Callistus III". A Dictionary of Popes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-179545-9.
- Montor, Artaud de; François, Alexis (1911). The Lives and Times of the Popes, Vol. 4. Catholic Publication Society of America.
- McBrian, Richard P. (2000). Lives of the Popes: The pontiffs from St Peter to John Paul II, San Francisco: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0060653040
- Rolfe, Frederick (1901). Chronicles of the House of Borgia, E.P. Dutton & Co.
- Pastor, Ludwig von (1899). History of the Popes, Vol. 2 (Second Edition, translated by Frederick Ignatius Antrobus).
External links
- European treaties bearing on the history of the United States and its Dependencies to 1648, Ed. Frances Gardiner Davenport, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1917. [1] Archived 23 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- DIARIO BORJA BORGIA (Spanish)
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .