Pope Clement IV
Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, County of Toulouse, Kingdom of France | |
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Died | 29 November 1268 Viterbo, Papal States | (aged 78)
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Pope Clement IV (
Life before election
Clement was born in
His rise was rapid. Ordained in the abbey of Saint-Magloire, Paris, he became pastor of Saint-Gilles in 1255. In 1257, he was appointed
Pontificate
In this period, the
Then, fortified with papal money and supplies, Charles marched into Naples. Having defeated and slain Manfred in the great
Acts
In 1264, Clement IV renewed the prohibition of the Talmud promulgated by Gregory IX, who had it publicly burnt in France and in Italy. Though Clement did not condemn to death at the stake those who harboured copies of it,[7] and, responding to a denunciation of the Talmud by Pablo Christiani,[8] he ordered that the Jews of Aragon submit their books to Dominican censors for expurgation.[9]
In February 1265 Clement summoned
The kings of France and Navarre, taking to heart the situation in the Holy Land, and decorated with the Holy Cross, are readying themselves to attack the enemies of the Cross. You wrote to us that you wished to join your father-in-law (the Greek emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos) to assist the Latins. We abundantly praise you for this, but we cannot tell you yet, before having asked to the rulers, what road they are planning to follow. We will transmit to them your advice, so as to enlighten their deliberations, and will inform your Magnificence, through a secure message, of what will have been decided.[13]
Although Clement's successors continued to engage in diplomatic contacts with the Mongols for the rest of the century, they were never able to coordinate an actual alliance.[14]
Death and burial
Within months Clement IV was dead as well, and was buried at the Dominican convent, Santa Maria in Gradi, just outside
Clement IV's private character was praised by contemporaries for his asceticism, and he is especially commended for his indisposition to promote and enrich his own relatives. He also ordered the Franciscan scholar Roger Bacon to write the Opus Majus, which is addressed to him.
See also
References
Citations
- ^ "Clemens ⟨Papa, IV.⟩", Personal Names of the Middle Ages, p. 129.
- ^ a b c Loughlin, James. "Pope Clement IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia Archived April 17, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 2 January 2016
- ^ Rockwell, William Walker (1911). Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 483. . In
- ^ "Miranda, Salvador. "Foucois, Gui", Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church". Archived from the original on May 20, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
- ^ P. Touron, "Alexandre IV contre Manfred," Le Moyen Âge 69 (1963), pp. 391–99.
- ^ Registres de Clément IV (in French). Paris: Thorin & fils. 1893–1945.
- ^ As reported, for example in Arsene Damestetter, The Talmud, 1897:94.
- ^ Shlomo Simonsohn, The Apostolic See and the Jews (Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies) 1991:311.
- ^ Popper, William (1889). The Censorship of Hebrew Books. Knickerbocker Press. pp. 13–14..
- ^ A Biographical Study of the Angelic Doctor, by Placid Conway, O.P., Longmans, Green and Co., 1911, Part III: Evening, Chapter VI - His Writings: Second Period, "Saint Thomas Aquinas, by Placid Conway, OP". Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2013. Accessed October 27, 2012
- ^ Acta Capitulorum Provincialium, Provinciae Romanae Ordinis Praedicatorum, 1265, n. 12, in Corpus Thomisticum, http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/a65.html Accessed 4-8-2011
- ^ Runciman, p. 330–331
- ^ Quoted in Grousset, p. 644
- ^ "Despite numerous envoys and the obvious logic of an alliance against mutual enemies, the papacy and the Crusaders never achieved the often-proposed alliance against Islam". Atwood, "Western Europe and the Mongol Empire" Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 583
- ^ Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, (HarperCollins, 2000), 218.
- ^ Richard P. McBrien, 218.
Bibliography
- Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43774-5.
- Grousset, René (2006). Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem: 1131–1187, l'équilibre. Perrin.
- Runciman, Steven (1951). A history of the Crusades (1st ed.). Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press.
- Jean Dunbabin, Charles I of Anjou: Power, Kingship and State-Making in Thirteenth-Century Europe (Addison Wesley Longman 1998; London-New York: Routledge 2014).
External links
- Media related to Pope Clement IV at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by or about Clement IV at Wikisource
- "Le pape, le roy et l'alchimiste : Clémént IV – saint Louis – Roger Bacon" by Laurent Ryder (in French)