Pope Constantine

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Bishop of Rome
ChurchCatholic Church
Papacy began25 March 708
Papacy ended9 April 715
PredecessorSisinnius
SuccessorGregory II
Personal details
Born664
Tyre, Jund al-Urdunn, Bilad al-Sham, Umayyad Caliphate
Died9 April 715(715-04-09) (aged 50–51)
Rome

Pope Constantine (

bishop of Rome from 25 March 708 to his death.[1] One of the last popes of the Byzantine Papacy, the defining moment of his pontificate was his 710/711 visit to Constantinople, where he compromised with Justinian II on the Trullan canons of the Quinisext Council
. The city's next papal visit occurred in 1967.

Upbringing

Constantine was born in

Antipope Constantine, he was the only pope to bear such a "quintessentially" Eastern name of an emperor.[4]

Before his

Emperor Constantine IV in 682.[3] He met and developed a rapport with Constantine IV's son Justinian II on both occasions.[3]

Pontificate

Constantine's predecessor,

consecration as pope. The defining issue of the papacy at the time of Constantine's election was the Western rejection of the Trullan canons of the Quinisext Council.[7] Pope John VII had been sent the canons for approval and instead had sent them back, "without any emendations at all".[7] John VII's predecessor, Sergius I, had declared that he would rather die than subscribe to the council.[7]

Visit to Constantinople

In 710, Emperor Justinian II demanded in a

iussio that Pope Constantine appear before him in Constantinople.[8] The imperial mandate made it "obvious that the relentless emperor meant to settle once and for all the issue of Rome's acceptance of the Trullan decrees".[4] Unlike his predecessors, Constantine neither delayed nor made excuses to avoid appearing in the imperial city; in fact, he "identified with Byzantium as perhaps no Roman pontiff before him ever had".[4] Prior to Constantine's departure, Justinian had blinded Archbishop Felix of Ravenna for plotting to overthrow him, an act that had improved the papal-Byzantine rapport.[3] His primary motivation for the trip was to forestall a rift between Rome and Constantinople over the Trullan decrees.[3]

Constantine departed on 5 October 710.

papal chancellery and household) were also of Eastern extraction.[10] Also accompanying Constantine was the future Pope Gregory II, then a deacon, and another Latin subdeacon Julian.[10] Constantine specifically chose attendants who were "cut from similar cloth" as he, and likely to be sympathetic to the East.[3]

While stopping in transit in Naples, Constantine crossed paths with the

John III Rizocopo, then on his way to Rome to execute four high-ranking papal officials by cutting their throats.[3] The four (as evidenced by their staying behind) were opposed to Constantine's new policy of rapprochement with Constantinople.[3] Doubtlessly, Constantine himself learned of the exarch's errand before departing for Sicily, then Gallipoli, and then Otranto, where the group stayed for winter.[3] In the spring, Constantine crossed the Ionian Sea, meeting the strategos of the imperial fleet on the island of Chios and was received by the Karabisianoi before proceeding to Constantinople.[3]

Constantine entered Constantinople on a "horse caparisoned with gilded saddle clothes and golden bridles and bearing on his head the

Roman See.[11]

The negotiations regarding the Trullan canons were conducted by the future

Paul VI did in 1967.[12][13]

Rejection of monothelitism

Constantine refused to accept coins minted with the image of Philippicus.

Justinian II was killed by his mutinous troops in November 711, shortly after Constantine's return to Rome. The new emperor, Philippicus, was an adherent of monothelitism, and rejected the arrangements of the Third Council of Constantinople. He demanded Constantine's support of the view that Christ had only one will. In 712, Constantine rejected Philippicus' demand to revive monothelitism. He further refused to receive an imperial portrait or coins with the emperor's image and also refused to commemorate the emperor in Mass.[7]

As the exarch attempted to enforce the imperial presence, clashes occurred, which Constantine calmed. Philippicus was overthrown in June 713 and his successor, Anastasius II, sent Exarch Scholasticus and a letter to the pope affirming imperial support for the Sixth General Council.

Death

Upon his death in Rome on 9 April 715, Constantine was succeeded by Pope Gregory II.[14]

Notes

  1. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Constantine" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ "The five Syrian popes". Aleteia.org. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ekonomou 2007, p. 271
  4. ^ a b c Ekonomou 2007, p. 270
  5. ^ a b Ekonomou 2007, p. 246
  6. ISBN 0-7864-2071-5
    . p. 10.
  7. ^ a b c d Ekonomou 2007, p. 247
  8. ^ Ekonomou 2007, p. 269
  9. ^ Ekonomou 2007, p. 30
  10. ^ a b Ekonomou 2007, p. 245
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h Ekonomou 2007, p. 272
  12. ^ Fiske, Edward B (26 July 1967), "Papal Pilgrimage Is Viewed as a Major Step Toward Reunion", The New York Times: 2
  13. ^ "Pope holds Mass at ancient Christian site in Turkey", USA Today, 29 November 2006, retrieved 9 September 2009
  14. ^ "Constantine/Pope". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

References

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Pope
708–715 		Succeeded by
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