Pope Eleutherius
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Rome, Roman Empire
Pope Eleutherius (
He is linked to a number of legends, one of them credited him with receiving a letter from "Lucius, King of Britain", but which is now generally considered to be a forgery.
Life
According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a Greek born in Nicopolis in Epirus, Greece.[3][4] His contemporary Hegesippus wrote that he was a deacon of the Roman Church under Pope Anicetus (c. 154–164), and remained so under Pope Soter, whom he succeeded around 174.[a]
Dietary law
The 6th-century
British mission
Another addition credited Eleutherius with receiving a letter from "
The first Englishman to mention the story was
An echo of this legend penetrated even to Switzerland. In a homily preached at Chur and preserved in an 8th- or 9th-century manuscript, Timothy is represented as an apostle to Gaul, whence he went into Roman Britain and baptised a king named Lucius, who himself became a missionary to Gaul and finally settled at Chur, where he preached the gospel with great success. In this way Lucius, the early missionary of the Swiss district of Chur, became identified with the alleged British king of the Liber Pontificalis.[12]
Harnack suggests that in the document which the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis drew his information, the name found was not Britanio, but Britio. Now this is the name (Birtha-, Britium) of the fortress of Edessa.[13] The king in question is, therefore, Lucius Ælius Septimus Megas Abgar VIII, of Edessa, a Christian king as is well known. The original statement of the Liber Pontificalis, in this hypothesis, had nothing to do with Britain; the compiler of the Liber Pontificalis changed Britio to Brittanio, and in this way made a British king of the Syrian Lucius.
Death
According to the Liber Pontificalis, Pope Eleutherius died on 24 May and was buried on the
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Hegesippus, cited in Eusebius 1885, Bk IV, Ch 22
- ^ Catalogus Felicianus, named for its ending during the pontificate of Felix IV. The earliest surviving codex dates to the 9th century.
- ^ "Et hoc iterum firmavit ut nulla esca a Christianis repudiaretur, maxime fidelibus, quod Deus creavit, quæ tamen rationalis et humana est."
- Britons, that he might become a Xian by his own will.')
Citations
- ^ a b c Kirsch 1909.
- ^ "Saint Eleutherius | Biography, Papacy, Feast Day, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-05-20. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
- ^ Brusher 1980, p. 26: "St. Eleutherius c. 174 – c. 189 [...] According to the Liber Pontificalis, St. Eleutherius was a Greek from Nicopolis in Epirus."
- ^ Butler, Attwater & Thurston 1956, p. 423: "St Eleutherius, Pope (c. A.D. 189) [...] It is stated that he was a Greek by origin."
- ^ Davis 1989, p. 6.
- ^ a b Haddan, Stubbs & Wilkins 1869, p. 25.
- ^ Bede 1903, Bk I, Ch 4.
- ^ Bede 1903, Bk V, Ch 24.
- ^ a b Nennius 1848, §22.
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth 1848, Vol. IV, Ch. XIX.
- ^ Rees 1840, pp. 26, 65.
- ^ Elsensohn, Franz. "Lucius von Chur". Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon (in German).
- ^ von Harnack 1904, pp. 906–916.
Sources
- Bede (1903) [731]. The Ecclesiastical History of the English Nation. Translated by Lionel Cecil Jane. London: J.M. Dent & Co. p. 9 – via Wikisource.
- Brusher, Joseph Stanislaus (1980). Popes Through the Ages. San Rafael, California: Neff-Kane. ISBN 978-0-89-141110-9.
- Butler, Alban; Attwater, Donald; Thurston, Herbert (1956). Butler's Lives of the Saints. Vol. 2. London: Burns & Oates.
- Davis, Raymond (1989). The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis) (1st ed.). Liverpool University Press. ISBN 9780853232162.
- Eusebius (1885). Historia Ecclesiastica – via Wikisource.
- J. A. Giles. Vol. IV, Ch. XIX – via Wikisource. From: Giles, J. A., ed. (1848). Six Old English Chronicles. London: Henry G. Bohn.
- Haddan, Arthur West; Stubbs, William; Wilkins, David, eds. (1869). "Appendix A: Date of Introduction of Christianity into Britain". Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 25.
- Kirsch, Johann Peter (1909). "Pope St. Eleutherius" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- Knight, David J. (2012). King Lucius of Britain. Stroud, England: History Press. ISBN 9780752474458.
- . London: Henry G. Bohn. 1848.
- Rees, William Jenkins (1840). The liber Landavensis, Llyfr Teilo; or the ancient register of the cathedral church of Llandaff, with an English translation and notes. Llandovery: Rees.
- von Harnack, Adolf (1904). Sitzungsberichte der Berliner Akademie. Vol. I.
Further reading
- Beda Venerabilis (731). Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum [The Ecclesiastical History of the English People] (in Latin). Book I, Ch. IV – via Wikisource.
- Geoffrey of Monmouth (1854) [c. 1136]. Historia Regnum Britanniae [History of the Kings of Britain] (in Latin). Vol. IV, Ch. xix. From: Schulz, A., ed. (1854). Gottfried's von Monmouth Historia Regum Britanniae, mit literar-historischer Einleitung und ausführlichen Anmerkungen, und Brut Tysylio, altwälsce Chronik in deutscher Ueberseizung. Halle, Germany: Eduard Anton.
- Nennius [attrib.] (1898) [c. 830]. Mommsen, Theodor (ed.). Historia Brittonum [History of the Britons] (in Latin). Vol. II, Ch. xxii. – via Wikisource. From: "Historia Brittonvm cvm additamentis Nennii". Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Cronica Minora, Saec. IV.V.VI.VII. Vol. III. Berlin: Societas Aperiendis Fontibus Rerum Germanicarum Medii Aevi. 1898.
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