Pope Liberius
Coptic Christianity) | |
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Venerated in | Eastern Christianity |
Pope Liberius (310 – 24 September 366) was the
Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of canonization.[8]
Pontificate
The first recorded act of Liberius was, after a synod had been held at
Constantius was sympathetic to the
The return of the Pope from exile was met with joy from the Roman people but it was also met with criticism. The writer Philostorgius says that the Pope Liberius was restored to papacy only after he signed the Second Creed of Sirmium, and although Sozomen claimed that this story was a lie, Hilary of Poitiers reacted by writing concerning the pope: "I know not whether it was with greater impiety that you exiled him than that you restored him" (Contra Const., II).[2] Pope Liberius repented later for having signed the Arian Creed at Sirmium.[11]
After the death of the Emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly but, with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and Hilary of Poitiers, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence. In 366, Liberius gave a favourable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate, and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party. He died on 24 September 366.[7]
Some historians have postulated that Liberius
Legacy
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Liberius is a saint whose feast is celebrated on 27 August.
The
Notes
- ^ The Liberian Catalogue lists the date of Liberius's consecration as 22 May. Catholic Encyclopedia gives 17 May, noting that the 22nd was not a Sunday. The date could also be 21 June, a Sunday, which differs from 22 May by only one letter in the Roman calendar (XI Kal. Jun/Jul.)
- ^ If the story believed by S. Jerome, S. Augustine, and Athanasius were legitimate, Pope Liberius was forced by the Emperor Constantius II to accept Arianism and then rejected it after the Emperor's death. The story is disputed but most scholars agree that the Pope signed the Creed. The Arian heresy of the Pope was used to show that papacy is not infallible, and in his letter he says to have willingly agreed with Arianism although it is agreed by the scholars that the Pope was coerced to agree with the Second Sirmium Creed.[2][3][1][4][5][6]
- ^ Quote of Athanasius: "Liberius, having been exiled, gave in after two years, and, in fear of the death with which he was threatened, signed" (Hist. Ar., xli)[14]
Sources
- ^ a b "Liberius | pope | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ a b "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Liberius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ "Pope Liberius". PopeHistory.com. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ Wordsworth, Christopher (1847). Letters to M. Gondon, Author of "Mouvement Religieux en Angleterre", "Conversion de Cent Cinquante Ministres Anglicans", Etc. Etc. Etc: On the Destructive Character of the Church of Rome, Both in Religion and Polity. F. & J. Rivington.
- ^ inst.), James Todd (examiner for the Protestant educ (1879). A Protestant text book of the Romish controversy.
- ^ The British and Foreign Evangelical Review and Quarterly Record of Christian Literature. Johnstone & Hnuter. 1875.
- ^ a b c d Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ "Saint Liberius, Pope of Rome". Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ "St. Liberius the Pope of Rome". oca.org. Orthodox Church in America. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ^ Byfiend, Ted, ed. Darkness Descends, pg. 35
- ^ "Saint Liberius, Pope of Rome". www.oca.org. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ Pope Pius IX (6 January 1873). "Quartus Supra (On The Church In Armenia)". Eternal Word Television Network. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Liberius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
- ^ Pope Benedict XV (5 October 1920). "Principi Apostolorum Petro, Encyclical Of Pope Benedict XV On St. Ephrem The Syrian To The Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, And Other Ordinaries In Peace And Communion With The Apostolic See". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
- ^ "On Monday, August 27, 2012 we celebrate". Online Chapel. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
- ^ "Nasie 4 : Lives of Saints : Synaxarium - CopticChurch.net".
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Liberius". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the