Pope Miltiades
Early Church | |
---|---|
Papacy began | 2 July 311 |
Papacy ended | 10 or 11 January 314 |
Predecessor | Eusebius |
Successor | Sylvester I |
Personal details | |
Born | Miltiades or Melchiades Unknown date |
Died | 10 or 11 January 314 Rome, Roman Empire |
Buried | Catacomb of Callixtus, Appian Way, Rome, Italy |
Denomination | Christian |
Sainthood | |
Feast day | December 10 |
Venerated in | Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchAnglican CommunionOriental Orthodox ChurchesAnglicanismLutheranism |
Pope Miltiades (
Background
The year of Miltiades' birth is unknown. Still, it is known that he was of North African descent
Pontificate
In April 311, the
The election of Miltiades to the papacy on 2 July 311, according to the Liberian Catalogue,[3] marked the end of a sede vacante, the vacancy of the papacy, following the death of Pope Eusebius on 17 August 310 or 309 according to Liber Pontificalis[6] not long after his exile to Sicily by the Emperor Maxentius.[1] After his election, Church property that was confiscated during the Diocletianic Persecution was restored by Maxentius.[3][7] This order, however, probably did not extend to all of the parts of Maxentius' jurisdiction.[8]
The Liber Pontificalis, attributed the introduction of several later customs to Miltiades, such as not fasting on Thursdays or Sundays. However, subsequent scholarship now believes the customs likely pre-dated Miltiades.[1] Miltades prescribed the distribution of portions of the bread consecrated by the pope at all of the churches around Rome, the fermentum, as a sign of unity.[3][7]
In October 312, Constantine defeated Maxentius at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge to become emperor.[9] He later presented the pope with the palace of Empress Fausta, where the Lateran Palace, the papal residence and seat of central Church administration, would be built.[9]
Being the first
Lateran Council
During Miltiades' tenure as pontiff, a
The
The Donatists again appealed to the Emperor, who responded by convening the
Veneration
The feast of Miltiades in the 4th century, according to the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, was celebrated on 10 January.[1] In the 13th century, the feast of Saint Melchiades (as he was then called) was included, with the mistaken qualification of "martyr", in the General Roman Calendar for celebration on 10 December. In 1969, the celebration was removed from that calendar of obligatory liturgical celebrations,[17] and moved to the day of his death, 10 January, with his name given in the form "Miltiades" but without the indication "martyr".[18]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f Kirsch 1913, p. 318.
- ^ McBrien 2000, p. 56.
- ^ a b c d e f g Levillain 2002, p. 993.
- ^ Kirsch 1912, p. 638.
- ^ Gibbon 2008, p. 132.
- ^ Kirsch 1909, p. 615.
- ^ a b Green 2010, p. 219.
- ^ De Clerq 1954, p. 143.
- ^ a b c d e O'Malley 2009, p. 31.
- ^ White 2007, pp. 55–56.
- ^ Burris 2012, pp. 74–77.
- ^ Finn 2004, p. 112.
- ^ a b c Burris 2012, p. 78.
- ^ a b Malveaux 2015, p. 115.
- ^ Burris 2012, p. 79.
- ^ Lenski 2012, p. 75.
- ^ Calendarium Romanum 1969, p. 148.
- ^ Martyrologium Romanum 2001.
References
- Burris, Ronald D. (2012). Where Is the Church?: Martyrdom, Persecution, and Baptism in North Africa from the Second to the Fifth Century. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 9781608998081.
- Calendarium Romanum. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1969.
- De Clerq, Victor Cyril (1954). Ossius of Cordova: A Contribution to the History of the Constantinian Period. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
- Finn, Thomas M. (2004). Quodvultdeus of Carthage: The Creedal Homilies. Mahwah, New Jersey: The Newman Press. ISBN 9780809105724.
- Gibbon, Edward (2008). The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York City: Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 9781605201221.
- Green, Bernard (2010). Christianity in Ancient Rome: The First Three Centuries. London: T&T Clark International. ISBN 9780567032508.
- Kirsch, Johann Peter (1909). "Eusebius, Pope St.". In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wyne, John J. (eds.). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Encyclopedia Press, Inc.
- Kirsch, Johann Peter (1912). "Marcellinus, Pope St.". In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wyne, John J. (eds.). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Encyclopedia Press, Inc.
- Kirsch, Johann Peter (1913). "Miltiades, Pope St.". In Herbermann, Charles G.; Pace, Edward A.; Pallen, Condé B.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Wyne, John J. (eds.). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Encyclopedia Press, Inc.
- Lenski, Noel Emmanuel (2012). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107013407.
- Levillain, Philippe, ed. (2002). The Papacy: an Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York City: Routledge.
- Malveaux, Ethan (2015). The Color Line: A History. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781503527591.
- Martyrologium Romanum. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2001. ISBN 978-8820972103.
- McBrien, Richard P. (2000). Lives of the Popes. New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060653040.
- O'Malley, John (2009). A History of the Popes: From Peter to the Present. Lanham, MD: Government Institutes. ISBN 9781580512299.
- White, Cynthia (2007). The Emergence of Christianity. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313327995.