Pope Paul V
Gregory XV | |
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Orders | |
Ordination | 20 October 1577 |
Consecration | 27 May 1597 by Clement VIII |
Created cardinal | 5 June 1596 by Clement VIII |
Personal details | |
Born | Camillo Borghese 17 September 1550 |
Died | 28 January 1621 Rome, Papal States | (aged 70)
Previous post(s) |
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Motto | Absit nisi in te gloriari (Far, but in your glory)[1] |
Coat of arms | |
Other popes named Paul |
Pope Paul V (
Trained in jurisprudence, Borghese was made Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Eusebio and the Cardinal Vicar of Rome by Pope Clement VIII. He was elected as Pope in 1605, following the death of Pope Leo XI. Pope Paul V was known for being stern and unyielding, defending the privileges of the Church. He met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 and was involved in the controversy over heliocentrism. He canonized and beatified several individuals during his papacy and created 60 cardinals in ten consistories.
His insistence on ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to conflicts with secular governments, notably with Venice, which resulted in an interdict on the city in 1606. This disagreement was eventually mediated by France and Spain in 1607. Pope Paul V's diplomacy also strained relations with England, as his actions were perceived as undermining moderate Catholics in the country.
In Rome, he financed the completion of St. Peter's Basilica, improved the Vatican Library, and restored the ancient Roman aqueduct Aqua Traiana. Pope Paul V established the Banco di Santo Spirito in 1605 and is also known for fostering the rise of the Borghese family through nepotism. He died on 28 January 1621, after suffering from a series of strokes and was succeeded by Pope Gregory XV.
Early life
Camillo Borghese was born in Rome on 17 September 1550 into the Borghese family of Siena which had recently established itself in Rome. He was the eldest of seven sons of the lawyer and Sienese patrician Marcantonio Borghese and his wife Flaminia Astalli, a Roman noblewoman. Camillo was carefully trained in jurisprudence at Perugia and Padua, and became a canonist of marked ability.[4]
Cardinal
In June 1596 Camillo was made the Cardinal-Priest of
Clement VIII also bestowed upon him
Papacy
Election
When Pope Leo XI died, 1605, Cardinal Borghese became pope over a number of candidates including Caesar Baronius and Robert Bellarmine; his neutrality in the factional times made him an ideal compromise candidate.[6]
In character he was very stern and unyielding, a lawyer rather than diplomat, who defended the privileges of the Church to his utmost. His first act was to send home to their sees the bishops who were sojourning in Rome, for the Council of Trent had insisted that every bishop reside in his diocese.[4]
Papal styles of Pope Paul V | ||
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Reference style | His Holiness | |
Spoken style | Your Holiness | |
Religious style | Holy Father | |
Posthumous style | None |
Theology
Paul met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 after Cardinal Bellarmine had, on his orders, warned Galileo not to hold or defend the heliocentric ideas of Copernicus. Whether there was also an order not to teach those ideas in any way has been a matter for controversy. A letter from Bellarmine to Galileo states only the injunction that the heliocentric ideas could not be defended or held; this letter was written expressly to enable Galileo to defend himself against rumors concerning what had happened in the meeting with Bellarmine.[7]
In 1618, a Decreto de Nuestro Sanctissimo Padre el Papa Paulo V. en favor dela Immaculada Concepción dela Sanctissima Virgen Madre de Dios y Señora Nuestra (Decree of our most holy father Pope Paul V in favor of the Immaculate Conception of the blessed Virgin Mary,..) was published in Lima, Peru.[8]
Canonisations and beatifications
Paul V canonised
He also beatified a number of individuals which included
Consistories
The pope created 60 cardinals in ten consistories held during his pontificate. He named his nephew Scipione Borghese as a cardinal (continuing the trend of nepotism) and also named Alessandro Ludovisi, who would become his immediate successor, Pope Gregory XV, as a cardinal.
Foreign relations
Ecclesiastical jurisdiction
Paul's insistence of ecclesiastical jurisdiction led to a number of quarrels between the Church and the secular governments of various states, notably Venice, where patricians, such as Ermolao Barbaro (1548–1622) of the noble Barbaro family, argued in favor of the exemption of the clergy from the jurisdiction of the civil courts. Venice passed two laws obnoxious to Paul, one forbidding the alienation of real estate in favour of the clergy, the second demanding approval of the civil power for the building of new churches.[4] Two priests charged by the Venetian state with cruelty, wholesale poisoning, murder and licentiousness, were arrested by the Venetian Senate and put in dungeons for trial. Having been found guilty, they were committed to prison.
Paul V insisted that they be released to the Church. He demanded the release of the priests as not being amenable to the secular law. When this was refused, the Pope threatened an
The Venetian Republic rewarded Fra Paulo Sarpi, its successful canon lawyer, with the distinction of state counsellor in jurisprudence and the liberty of access to the state archives, which infuriated Pope Paul. In September 1607, after unsuccessfully attempting to lure Father Sarpi to Rome, the Pope responded by putting out a contract on his life.[10] Father Sarpi was the target of at least two assassination plots in September and October. Stabbed three times with a stiletto,[11] Fra Sarpi somehow managed to recover, while the assassins found refuge in the Papal States.[12]
Relations with England
Paul V's hard-edged Catholic diplomacy cut the ground from under moderate
Relations with Japan
In November 1615, Paul V welcomed the embassy of the Japanese samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga in Rome.[13]
Hasekura gave the Pope a letter (from
Constructions
In Rome, the pope financed the completion of
Paul V also established the
Death
Paul V died on 28 January 1621 of a stroke in the Quirinal Palace and was succeeded as pope by Pope Gregory XV. The pope had been ill for more than three months following a series of strokes, and died six hours following his last stroke the morning of his death. He was interred in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore.
Episcopal succession
Episcopal succession of Pope Paul V |
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While bishop, he was the principal consecrator of:[14]
and the principal co-consecrator of:[14]
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See also
Notes
- ^ "Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667)". GCatholic. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
- ISBN 9780195131703.
- ISBN 9780268158934.
- ^ a b c d "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Paul V". www.newadvent.org.
- ^ Charles Bransom, Jr., "The Episcopal Lineage of Pope Clement X & Pope Paul V," Apostolic Succession & Episcopal Lineages in the Roman Catholic Church (blog), retrieved: 14 September 2018.
- ^ Baumgartner, Frederic J., Behind Locked Doors, (2003) Palgrave Macmillan, p. 141
- ISSN 0009-6407.
- ^ "Decree of Our Most Holy Father Pope Paul V in Favor of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God", LOC
- ^ Keogh, William. "St. Charles Borromeo." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 15 January 2023 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Watson, J. Henry, The History of Fra Paolo Sarpi, New York: La Croce (1911)
- ^ Whitfield, John Humphreys and Woodhouse, John Robert. A Short History of Italian Literature, Manchester University Press, 1980, p. 187
- ^ Robertson, Alexander, Fra Paolo Sarpi: the Greatest of the Venetians, London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co. (1893), pp. 114–117
- ISBN 9780674017535.
- ^ a b "Bishop Pope Paul V – Camillo Borghese" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved June 294, 2017
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope Paul V". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
References
- James I, De Triplici Nodo, Triplex Cuneus, (his anonymous pamphlet encouraging loyalty to the Crown, accompanied by letters from Paul V about the Catholic Church's opinion of the Oath of Allegiance, and James' responses to them).
- Stephen A. Coston, King James VI & I and Papal Opposition, 1998.
External links
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905. .