Pope Pius IV
Pius V | |
---|---|
Orders | |
Consecration | 20 April 1546 by Filippo Archinto |
Created cardinal | 8 April 1549 by Paul III |
Personal details | |
Born | Giovanni Angelo Medici 31 March 1499 |
Died | 9 December 1565 Rome, Papal States | (aged 66)
Previous post(s) |
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Coat of arms | |
Other popes named Pius |
Papal styles of Pope Pius IV | |
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His Holiness | |
Spoken style | Your Holiness |
Religious style | Holy Father |
Posthumous style | None |
Pope Pius IV (Italian: Pio IV; 31 March 1499 – 9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 December 1559 to his death, in December 1565. Born in Milan, his family considered itself a branch of the House of Medici and used the same coat of arms. Although modern historians have found no proof of this connection, the Medici of Florence recognized the claims of the Medici of Milan in the early 16th century.[1][2]
Life
Early life
Giovanni Angelo Medici was born in Milan on 31 March 1499 as the second of eleven children to Bernardino Medici and Clelia Serbelloni.[3]
Giovanni Medici was the younger brother of
After studying at
Cardinalate
On 8 April 1549,
Pontificate
Election
On the death of
Council of Trent
On 18 January 1562 the
Thus, a warning, issued in 1564, summoning
On the other hand, others bemoaned the austere Roman culture during his papacy; Giorgio Vasari in 1567 spoke of a time when "the grandeurs of this place reduced by stinginess of living, dullness of dress, and simplicity in so many things; Rome is fallen into much misery, and if it is true that Christ loved poverty and the City wishes to follow in his steps she will quickly become beggarly...".[8]
Doctrinal teachings
In addition to Benedictus Deus, Pius issued a papal bull on 24 March 1564 entitled Dominici Gregis Custodiae which set out the rules for forbidding books, including the stipulation that reading a vernacular translation of the Old Testament was restricted to learned and pious men who had episcopal permission.[9]
Consistories
Pius IV created 46 cardinals in four consistories during his pontificate, and elevated three nephews to the cardinalate, including Charles Borromeo. The pope also made Ugo Boncompagni, who would later be elected
Conspiracy
A conspiracy against Pius IV, headed by Benedetto Accolti, cousin of cardinal Benedetto Accolti the Younger, was discovered and crushed in 1565.[11]
Architectural achievements
During the reign of Pius IV,
Pius IV also ordered public construction to improve the water supply of Rome.[13]
Beatifications
During his papacy, Pius IV canonized no saints and only beatified one individual, Gundisalvus of Amarante, on 16 September 1561.
Death
Pius IV died on 9 December 1565 from complications following an infection in the urinary tract and a high fever. He was buried in Santa Maria degli Angeli on 4 January 1583 after his remains were initially housed at Saint Peter's Basilica. His successor was Pius V.
Pius IV suffered from many illnesses such as gout which restricted his mobility. Giacomo Soranzo remarked between May and August 1565 to the Venetian Senate about the pope's health, commenting that he possessed a great natural vigor. However, gout impeded movement in his legs, shoulders, arms, and hands. Sorzano also mentioned that this meant that the pope, more often than not, needed to be carried in the sedia gestatoria to avoid walking. Pius IV also suffered from a major illness in 1564 from which he recovered.[14]
However, the pope fell ill eight days before his death with a constant fever throughout the duration. Borromeo, who arrived in Rome during the evening on 8 December, was with the pope when Pius died alongside
See also
References
- ^ "Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere".
- The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 4 September 2014
- ^ a b c "Loughlin, James. "Pope Pius IV." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 4 Sept. 2014".
- ^ "John, Eric. The Popes, Hawthorne Books, New York". Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
- ^ Bartolomeo Scappi, The Opera of Bartolomeo Scappi (1570): L'Arte Et Prudenza D'Un Maestro Cuoco, Transl. Terence Scully, (University of Toronto Press, 2008), 688.
- ^ Bard Thompson, Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation, (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1996), 520.
- ^ Imma Penn, Dogma Evolution and Papal Fallacies, (AuthorHouse, 2007), 195. [self-published source]
- ^ Freedberg SJ, p. 429.
- ^ McNamara, E., Pius V's 1570 Bull, published 31 October 2016, archived 26 March 2018, accessed 5 August 2023
- ^ Salvador Miranda. "Pius IV (1559-1565)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
- ^ Marjorie Reeves, The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: A Study in Joachimism, (Oxford University Press, 1969), 368.
- ^ Goldscheider, L. (1953). Michelangelo : Schilderijen, beeldhouwwerken, architectuur : Complete uitgave. London : Utrecht: Phaidon; De Haan. 23.
- ^ Katherine Rinne, Waters of Rome [full citation needed]
- ^ John Paul Adams (26 October 2015). "Sede Vacante 1565-1566". CSUN. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
Further reading
- Artaud de Montor, Alexis Francois (1911). The Lives and Times of the Popes. Vol. V. New York: Catholic Publication Society of America.
- Freedberg, Sydney J. (1993). Painting in Italy, 1500–1600. Pelican History of Art. Penguin Books Ltd. p. 429.[ISBN missing]
- Pastor, Ludwig, Freiherr von (1928). The History of the Popes from the close of the Middle Ages. Volume XV, Volume XVI (1928). London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co.
- Pattenden, Miles (2013). Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2013.
- Robinson, Adam Patrick. "Morone, Pius IV and the Resumption of the Council, December 1559–March 1563." in The Career of Cardinal Giovanni Morone (1509–1580) (Routledge, 2016) pp. 125–150.
- Waterworth, James, ed. The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Œcumenical Council of Trent: Celebrated Under the Sovereign Pontiffs, Paul III, Julius III and Pius IV (C. Dolman, 1848) online.
- Bonora, Elena (2014). Roma 1564: La congiura contro il papa (in Italian). Rome: Gius. Laterza & Figli Spa. ISBN 978-88-581-1379-0.
- Hinojosa, R. de (1889), Felipe II y el conclave de 1559, según los documentos originales, muchos inéditos. Madrid 1889.
- Rendina, Claudio (1984). I papi. Storia e segreti. Rome: Newton Compton.[ISBN missing]
External links
- Loughlin, James Francis (1911). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. .
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 684–685. .
- Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius IV
- Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Medici
- Works by Pope Pius IV at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)