Pori
Pori
Björneborg (Swedish) | |
---|---|
City | |
Porin kaupunki Björneborgs stad City of Pori | |
Population by age | |
• 0 to 14 | 14% |
• 15 to 64 | 59.7% |
• 65 or older | 26.3% |
Time zone | UTC+02:00 (EET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+03:00 (EEST) |
Unemployment rate | 11.08% |
Climate | Dfb |
Website | www |
Pori (Finnish:
Pori is located some 10 kilometres (6 mi) from the Gulf of Bothnia, on the
Pori was established in 1558 by
Pori is especially known nationwide for its
Name
Pori literally means 'Bear City'. The name comes from the -borg part (meaning citadel, fortress or castle) of the original name in Swedish with a Fennicised pronunciation.[17] The whole Swedish name Björneborg literally means Bear Fortress or Bear Castle (Finnish: Karhulinna), and the Latin-Greek Arctopolis means Bear City (Finnish: Karhukaupunki).[18][19][20]
History
Early years
City of Pori was established on March 8, 1558 by Duke John of Finland (
The Bourgeoisie of Ulvila were ordered to migrate to the newly founded city and on 8 March 1558 John III gave the charter of Pori, which read: "Because we have seen that it would be best to build a strong market town alongside the sea, and because we cannot find anywhere suitable for fortifying in Ulvila, we have chosen another location at Pori."[21]
At the beginning Pori had around 300 involuntary residents. However, they soon recognized the advantages of their new location, which offered opportunities for profitable trading, among other things. Ship building has been important since the beginning of history of Pori. Shipyard started by the river in 1572 and it worked until the early 20th century. The biggest ship probably ever built in Pori was "Porin Kraveli," completed in 1583.
Greater Wrath and Crimean War
During the
As the
City fires
As most of its houses were made of wood, Pori has had its share of fires. The town has burned down and been rebuilt nine times.
Finnish Civil War and World War II
During the 1918 Finnish Civil War, Pori was a part of the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. The city was not on the direct war zone but some terror was made by both sides. The best known incident was the execution of 11 Whites at the schoolyard of Pori Lyceum.
During
Geography
River and delta
The geological uplift after the last ice age has been relatively high at the mouth of the Kokemäenjoki river. When the city was established in 1558, it was situated on the shore of Pori bay. Because of this uplift the delta of the river now begins in front of the city. The recreation area of Kirjurinluoto is actually on an island connected with bridges to the mainland. Pori National Urban Park preserves the story of the phases of development of the town born at the mouth of the river Kokemäenjoki.
Climate
Pori has a humid continental climate (Dfb), with moderation from the Gulf of Bothnia helping to keep September above the 10 °C (50 °F) isotherm, and is amongst the northern extent of that climate in Finland. Winters are long, and cold, but are notably shorter and warmer than in the Northern parts of Finland due to the marine effect and location by the Bothnian Sea. The temperatures measured in the city center are slightly higher on average due to the urban heat island effect. Summers are relatively warm. The highest ever recorded temperature in this weather station was 33.3 °C (91.9 °F), on 13 July 2010 and the lowest official temperature ever recorded was -36.8 °C (-34.2 °F), on 3 February 1966. Visiting the famous "Yyteri" beach is arguably the best pastime thing to do in Pori on warm summer days. In fact, it gathers the most visitors out of any other beach in Finland on summers.
Climate data for Pori Airport, records 1960 - present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
32.9 (91.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
28.2 (82.8) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.3 (52.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.2 (29.8) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
20.6 (69.1) |
15.3 (59.5) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.5 (32.9) |
9.4 (48.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
4.0 (39.2) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
5.6 (42.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.0 (19.4) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
1.6 (34.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | −35.7 (−32.3) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
−27.1 (−16.8) |
−16.3 (2.7) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−16.7 (1.9) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−35.4 (−31.7) |
−36.8 (−34.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44 (1.7) |
28 (1.1) |
29 (1.1) |
30 (1.2) |
35 (1.4) |
54 (2.1) |
67 (2.6) |
71 (2.8) |
56 (2.2) |
66 (2.6) |
55 (2.2) |
51 (2.0) |
586 (23.1) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 14 (5.5) |
14 (5.5) |
4 (1.6) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
3 (1.2) |
8 (3.1) |
43 (16.9) |
Average rainy days | 18 | 13 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 159 |
Source: Climatological statistics of Finland 1981–2010[31]
Source 2: Foreca |
Demographics
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1900 | 13,482 | — |
1910 | 13,981 | +3.7% |
1920 | 13,928 | −0.4% |
1930 | 15,966 | +14.6% |
1940 | 18,230 | +14.2% |
1950 | 43,306 | +137.6% |
1960 | 52,542 | +21.3% |
1970 | 72,938 | +38.8% |
1980 | 78,405 | +7.5% |
1985 | 78,376 | −0.0% |
Source: City of Pori, Yearbook 2018[32][33] |
The city of Pori has 83,117 inhabitants, making it the 10th most populous municipality in Finland. The Pori region has 128,637 inhabitants, making it the eight most populous region in Finland. In Pori, 4.5% of the population has a foreign background, which is below to the national average.[34]
The significant population increase in 1950 was the result of annexing nearby areas. Population peaked in the mid-1970s when it was over 80 000. After that, the population declined, and in recent years has remained steady at just over 83 000. After the annex of the neighbouring municipality Noormarkku in 2010 and Lavia in 2015 the population rose to the current level. In 1952 Pori was the fifth largest city in Finland after Helsinki, Turku, Tampere and Lahti.[35]
Year | Population |
---|---|
1990 | 85,348
|
1995 | 85,620
|
2000 | 84,573
|
2005 | 84,455
|
2010 | 85,026
|
2015 | 85,363
|
2020 | 83,684
|
Languages
Pori is a monolingual
are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon.At least 40 different languages are spoken in Pori. The most commonly spoken foreign languages are Russian (0.9%), Arabic (0.4%), Estonian (0.3%) and English (0.3%).[34]
Immigration
Population by country of birth (2022)[34] | ||
Nationality | Population | % |
---|---|---|
Finland | 79,177 | 95.2 |
Soviet Union | 452 | 0.5 |
Sweden | 446 | 0.5 |
Russia | 250 | 0.3 |
Estonia | 232 | 0.3 |
Iraq | 185 | 0.2 |
Turkey | 156 | 0.2 |
Thailand | 154 | 0.2 |
Romania | 147 | 0.2 |
China | 123 | 0.1 |
Afghanistan | 108 | 0.1 |
Other | 1,775 | 2.1 |
In 2022, there were 3,745 persons with a migrant background living in Pori, or 4.5% of the population.[note 1] The number of residents who were born abroad was 4,028, or 4.8% of the population. The number of persons with foreign citizenship living in Pori was 2,708.[37] Most foreign-born citizens came from the former Soviet Union, Russia, Estonia and Iraq.[34] There is a Swedish School and a Swedish Culture Club that are aimed at serving the Finland-Swedish minority in the Satakunta region.
The relative share of immigrants in Pori's population is below to the national average. However, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years.
Religion
In 2022, the Evangelical Lutheran Church was the largest religious group with 69.5% of the population of Pori. Other religious groups accounted for 1.9% of the population. 28.6% of the population had no religious affiliation.[34]
Politics
The largest parties in Pori are Social Democratic Party and National Coalition Party. In 2021 municipal elections the parties gained 21.5% and 20.4% of vote, respectively.[38] The mayor of Pori is Lauri Inna, who was elected to run the city in 2022 after the former mayor, Aino-Maija Luukkonen, retired from the post.[39]
Transport
Economy
There were 35,216 jobs in 2014. 7,548 residents of other municipalities worked in Pori and 5,710 Pori employees outside the city in 2014. The
The largest employer in Pori in terms of the number of employees in 2016 was the city of Pori with more than 5,000 employees.[42] Other major employers include Technip and Satakunta University of Applied Sciences.[42]
Education
Pori is the home of 28
Highest grades of education in Pori are the Satakunta University of Applied Sciences and University Consortium of Pori (UCPori).
Culture
In 1987, the Art Association NYTE, an artist group and art association is founded.[47]
Pori Jazz Festival
Pori is widely known for its international jazz music festival, established in 1966. Today Pori Jazz is one of the major jazz festivals in Europe as well as one of the largest culture events in Finland. The nine-day festival is held annually in July.[48] Many renowned musicians have played the festival over the years, including artists like B. B. King, Ray Charles, Miles Davis, Keith Jarrett, Bob Dylan, Elton John, Kanye West and Santana.[49]
Concert arenas are located around the city. Main venue is Kirjurinluoto Arena, which is an open-air concert park holding an audience more than 30,000. The arena has hosted also many other events like Sonisphere Festival in 2009 and 2010. SuomiAreena in an international public debate forum held simultaneously with Pori Jazz.[50]
Theatre and music
Pori is considered to be the birthplace of Finnish-language theatre[9] as the Finnish National Theatre gave its first performance at Hotel Otava on October 13, 1872. Pori Theatre is a municipal theatre established in 1931 as a merger of two local stages. Theatre building was completed in 1884. Another professional theatre in Pori is Rakastajat-teatteri. It is also hosting an annual festival for independent theatre groups.[51] Pori is a home for several amateur and youth theatres and the Kirjurinluoto Summer Theatre that presents open-air productions in summertime.
Pori Symphony Orchestra was established 1938 and it is today known as Pori Sinfonietta. The orchestra performs in 1999 built Promenadikeskus music hall. The first city orchestra was founded in 1877. In its early years the orchestra was mostly performing light orchestral music and its musicians were German. The very first symphony concert was played in 1902. Most famous classical composer from Pori is Selim Palmgren, even called as "The Finnish Chopin". Pori Opera was established in 1976. It performs a yearly production together with Pori Sinfonietta and Pori Opera Choir. In 2004 they recorded Kung Karls jakt which is the first opera composed in Finland.
Museums
Satakunta Museum is a historical museum established 1888. It is one of the oldest historical museums in Finland and presents the history of Satakunta province and the city of Pori. Museum building was completed in 1973.[52] Pori Art Museum is a museum of contemporary and modern art. It was opened in 1979. Museum is based on the collections of local art collector and patronage Maire Gullichsen. Pori Art Museum is located in a former weigh house originally built in 1860.[53] Other museums in Pori are the Rosenlew Museum which is presenting the industrial heritage of Rosenlew Company[54] and the natural history museum Luontotalo Arkki.[55] Toivo is the renovation center of Satakunta Museum. It presents traditional ways of restoring wooden houses with an exhibition of typical early 1900s home.[56]
Sport
Major team sports in Pori are
Other popular team sports in Pori are bandy and pesäpallo, the Finnish version of baseball. Women's pesäpallo team Pesäkarhut and bandy side Narukerä are both playing in the premier divisions. Pori has also men's and women's lower division teams in almost all major team sports, including clubs like Musan Salama (football), Pori Futsal (futsal), Bears (American football), Pori Rugby (rugby union) and Karhut (floorball). The oldest sportsclub in Finland, Segelföreningen i Björneborg was established 1856 in Pori.[60]
The biggest sports club in Pori is Liikuntaseura Pori, which offers multiple sports including gymnastics, TeamGym and cheerleading.
Sporting facilities
12,300 seated
Stadium is located at the Isomäki sports center. The area includes several other facilities like the
The motorcycle speedway track, Yyterin speedwaystadion is approximately 16 kilometres to the north off the Mäntyluodontie, the track has held the final of the Finnish Individual Speedway Championship six times from 1983 to 2019.[61] Yyteri Golf is also located in this region.[62] The other golf course, Pori Golf Club, is on the outskirts of the city.[63]
The new city-owned indoor swimming pool was opened in September 2011. It is a modern facility with seven pools of variable depth and size, three saunas and a gym.[64]
Notable sportspeople
Media
The most widely read daily newspaper of Pori area is the independent Satakunnan Kansa.[66] Other local media were the politically-affiliated papers Uusi Aika, which was aligned with the Social Democrats,[67][68] and Satakunnan Työ, which was aligned with the Left Alliance.[69][70]
Radio Pori is a radio station established in 1985 as one of the first commercial stations in Finland.[71] Eazy 101 was during 2012–2015 a local radio station mainly for younger people under 30.[72][73] Public service radio in Pori area is Yle Satakunta, a regional station of Yle Radio Suomi.[74] Yle TV2 screens daily local news from the Pori region and Satakunta province on its national channel.
Points of interest
Villa Mairea is a design of Finland's most famous architect Alvar Aalto. It is considered one of his most significant works. The villa is widely known all over the world among the ones interested in modern architecture.[77] Villa Mairea is located in Noormarkku, a municipality annexed with Pori in 2010.
The northernmost district of Pori, Ahlainen, is a natural seaside village consisting of wooden houses. The Ahlainen's wooden church, built in 1796, is located in the district and is the oldest surviving church building in Pori.[25] Eteläranta ("South Shore"), located along the Kokemäki River, is a value area of Pori, as the stone house blocks of the riverside landscape were built mostly after the Great Fire of Pori in 1852.[25][78]
Notable people
- Arvo Aaltonen (1892–1949), breaststroke swimmer and Olympic bronze medalist
- Lorenz Nikolai Achté (1835–1900), opera singer, composer, conductor and music teacher
- Joel Armia (born 1993), professional ice hockey player
- Nikita Bergenström(born 1965), criminal and triple murderer
- Tuure Boelius (born 2001), YouTuber, singer and actor
- Danny (born 1942), singer and guitarist
- Samuli Edelmann (born 1968), actor and singer
- Akseli Gallen-Kallela (1865–1931), painter
- Eino Grön (born 1939), singer
- Richard Hall (1860–1942), painter
- Jenni Haukio (born 1977), poet and First Lady of Finland
- Lotta Henttala (born 1989), racing cyclist
- Kari Hotakainen (born 1957), author
- Laura Huhtasaari (born 1979), politician
- Fritz Arthur Jusélius (1855–1930), industrialist and politician
- Krista Kiuru (born 1974), politician
- Timo Koivusalo (born 1963), film director, screenwriter, actor, columnist and musician
- Aleksandr Kokko (born 1987), football player
- Anna Kontula (born 1977), sociologist and politician
- Jesperi Kotkaniemi (born 2000), professional hockey player
- Olli Lindholm (1964–2019), singer and guitarist
- Kari Mäkinen (born 1955), archbishop
- Visa Mäkinen (born 1945), film director, producer, screenwriter and actor
- Nooralotta Neziri (born 1992), 100-meter hurdler
- Joonas Nordman (born 1986), actor, comedian, impersonator, director and screenwriter
- Niko Palonen (born 1989), professional ice hockey player
- Risto E. J. Penttilä (born 1959), businessman and politician
- Emil von Qvanten (1827–1903), poet, librarian, publisher and politician
- Miro Rahkola (born 1988), ice hockey player
- Marjatta Raita (1944–2007), actress
- Henry Saari (born 1964), actor, director and porn star
- Tero Saarinen (born 1964), dance artist and choreographer
- Sakari Salminen (born 1988), professional ice hockey player
- Johan Eberhard von Schantz (1802–1880), admiral, ship designer and explorer
- Kai Setälä (1913–2005), physician and professor
- Jorma Uotinen (born 1950), dancer, singer and choreographer
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Pori is
- Bremerhaven, Germany, since 1967
- Eger, Hungary, since 1973
- Kołobrzeg, Poland, since 1975
- Mâcon, France, since 1990
- Porsgrunn, Norway, since 1956
- Riga, Latvia, since 1965
- Stralsund, Germany, since 1968
- Sundsvall, Sweden, since 1940
- Sønderborg, Denmark, since 1952
See also
- Pori Regiment")
- Kokemäki River
- Lavia
- Pori Jazz
- Porilainen
- Tampere
- Turku
- Turku and Pori Province
- Ulvila
- Vaasa
Notes
References
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- ^ Reposaaren yhdyskunta Finnish National Board of Antiquities. (in Finnish). Retrieved 28 November 2013.
- ^ "AD Classics: Villa Mairea / Alvar Aalto". ArchDaily. October 28, 2010. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
- ^ Eteläranta, Pori – Matkailu-opas (in Finnish)
- ^ "Verkostot maailmalla" (in Finnish). City of Pori. 12 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
External links
- City of Pori – Official website
- Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. .