Port Mann Bridge
Port Mann Bridge (2012) | |
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T.Y. Lin International
International Bridge Technologies | |
Construction start | February 4, 2009 |
Construction end | September 17, 2015 |
Construction cost | $820 million[1] |
Opened | September 18, 2012 (3 eastbound lanes) [2][3] November 17, 2012 (2 westbound lanes) [4] December 1, 2012 (4 lanes in each direction)[5] |
Location | |
References | |
[6] |
Port Mann Bridge (1964) | |
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British Columbia Ministry of Transportation | |
Followed by | Port Mann Bridge (second, 2012) |
Characteristics | |
Design | Tied-arch bridge |
Total length | 2093 m |
Longest span | 366 m |
History | |
Designer | CBA Engineering |
Constructed by | Dominion Bridge Company, John Laing and Sons, Perini Pacific, [7] Western Bridge & Steel[8] |
Construction start | 1959[9][10][11] |
Construction end | 1963 |
Construction cost | $25 million[1] |
Opened | June 12, 1964 |
Closed | November 17, 2012 (demolished October 2015) |
Location | |
The Port Mann Bridge is a 10-lane cable-stayed bridge, 90 km/h (55 mph) speed limit, in British Columbia, Canada, that opened to traffic in 2012. It carries 10 lanes of traffic with space reserved for a light rail line.[12][13]
The cable-stayed bridge replaced a steel arch bridge that spanned the Fraser River, connecting Coquitlam to Surrey in British Columbia in the Vancouver metro area. After its successor was opened to traffic, the old bridge was demolished by reverse construction, a process which took three years to complete.[14][15]
History
The original Port Mann Bridge opened on June 12, 1964. It was named after the community of Port Mann, through which the south end of the bridge passed.[16] The old bridge consisted of three spans with an orthotropic deck carrying five lanes (originally four lanes) of Trans-Canada Highway traffic, with approach spans of three steel plate girders and concrete deck. The total length of the arch bridge was 2,093 m (6,867 ft), including approach spans. The main span was 366 m (1,201 ft), plus the two 110 m (360 ft) spans on either side.[17] Volume on the old bridge was 127,000 trips per day.[18] Approximately 8 percent of the traffic on the Port Mann bridge was truck traffic.[19] The old bridge was the longest arch bridge in Canada and third-longest in the world at the time of its inauguration.
At the time of construction, it was the most expensive piece of highway in Canada. The first "civilian" to drive across the bridge was CKNW reporter Marke Raines. He was not authorized to cross, so he drove quickly.[20]
In 2001, an eastbound HOV lane was added by moving the centre divider and by cantilevering the bridge deck outwards in conjunction with a seismic upgrade.[21]
Replacement
On January 31, 2006, the
Opposition to twinning plan
A number of groups lobbied to improve public transit rather than build a new bridge.
Opponents argued that increasing highway capacity would increase greenhouse gas emissions and only relieve congestion for a few years before increased traffic congested the area again,
Construction and cost
The Port Mann / Highway 1 project added another HOV lane and will provide cycling and pedestrian access. The multi-use pedestrian/bicycle path opened July 1, 2015.[30] A bus service was reintroduced over the Port Mann Bridge for the first time in over 20 years. However, critics claimed that the new bridge only delayed the reintroduction of bus service on the bridge.[31] The new bus rapid transit service is now operated in the HOV lanes along Highway 1 from Langley to Burnaby.[32]
The estimated construction cost was $2.46 billion, including the cost of the Highway 1 upgrade, a total of 37 kilometres (23 mi). Of this, the bridge itself comprised roughly a third ($820 million).[1] The total cost, including operation and maintenance, was expected to be $3.3 billion. Now that the new bridge is completed, the existing bridge, which was more than 45 years old, has been taken down.[33]
The project was intended to be funded by using a
On September 18, 2012, the new Port Mann Bridge opened to eastbound traffic. At 65 metres (213 ft) wide, it was the world's widest long-span bridge, according to the Guinness World Records,[36] overtaking the world-famous Sydney Harbour Bridge, which, at 49 metres (161 ft), held the record since 1932. The Port Mann Bridge was overtaken by the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in 2013.
Dismantling of original bridge
Work to dismantle the old Port Mann Bridge began in December 2012. Crews removed sections of the bridge piece by piece in opposite order in which they were originally constructed, starting with the road deck, followed by the bridge approach's girders, and concluding with the steel arch. It was fully removed by October 21, 2015.[37]
New bridge
The new bridge is 2.02 kilometres (1.26 mi) long, up to 65 metres (213 ft) wide, carries 10 lanes of traffic, and has a 42 metres (138 ft) clearance above the river's high water level (the same length and clearance as the old bridge). The towers are approximately 75 metres (246 ft) tall above deck level, with the total height approximately 163 metres (535 ft) from top of footing. The main span (between the towers) is 470 metres (1,540 ft) long, the
Issues
On February 10, 2012, during construction of the replacement bridge, an overhead gantry crane collapsed, causing a 90-tonne concrete box-girder segment to drop into the water below. While no one was injured, the accident delayed subsequent construction.[39] WorkSafeBC inspectors evaluated the safety practices on the construction site.
On December 19, 2012, cold weather caused ice to accumulate on the supporting cables, periodically dropping to the car deck below, dubbed "ice bombs".[40] ICBC, the vehicle insurance entity in British Columbia, reported 60 separate claims of ice damage during the incident. In addition, one driver required an ambulance due to injuries. The RCMP closed the bridge between 1:30 p.m. and 6 p.m. while engineers investigated.[41] The Government installed collars on the cables that are manually released when conditions for ice accumulation are expected. They are installed on the tops of the cables on the towers and are released, falling down the cables by gravity to remove any snow build up.[42]
During December 2016, "slush bombs" affected the bridge again though the BC Government stated that these weren't as severe as the 2012 "ice bombs."[43] During December, the bridge was closed due to the threat of falling snow off of the cables and possible icy conditions.[44]
Tolling (2012–2017)
In order to recover construction and operating costs, the bridge was electronically tolled when originally built. The toll rates increased to $1.60 for motorcycle, $3.15 for cars, $6.30 for small trucks and $9.45 for large trucks on August 15, 2015.[45] Through increased prices and greater traffic, Transportation Investment Corporation (TI Corp), the public Crown corporation responsible for toll operations on the Port Mann Bridge, forecast its revenue would grow by 85% between fiscal years 2014 and 2017.[46] These fees were assessed using radio-frequency identification (RFID) decals or licence plate photos. A B.C. licensed driver who owes more than $25 in tolls outstanding 90 days is penalized $20 and is unable to purchase vehicle insurance or renew drivers permits without payment of the debt.[47] Out-of-province drivers were also contacted for payment by a US-based contractor.[48] A licence plate processing fee of $2.30 per trip was added to the toll rate for unregistered users who did not pay their toll within seven days of their passage.[49] Monthly passes, which allowed unlimited crossing on the bridge, were available for purchase.[50] Users may have set up an account for online payment of tolls.[51] Users who opted for this method received a decal with an embedded RFID to place on their vehicle's windshield or headlight and avoid paying a processing fee.[52] Tolls were expected to be removed by the year of 2050 or after collecting $3.3 billion.[53] As announced by B.C. Premier John Horgan in August 2017, all tolls on the Port Mann Bridge were removed on September 1, 2017. Debt service was transferred to the province of British Columbia at a cost of $135 million per year.[54]
Year[55] | Annual toll revenue | Annual expenditures |
---|---|---|
2012 | $15.0 million | $14.0 million |
2013 | $94.0 million | $20.0 million |
2014 | $122.0 million | $19.0 million |
2015 | $136.0 million | $18.0 million |
Traffic volumes
Monthly mean weekday traffic
- As of January 2019[56]
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 95,200 | 92,200 | 96,900 | 103,000 | 112,000 | 146,000 |
February | 100,900 | 94,300 | 101,700 | 107,500 | 111,200 | 149,000 |
March | 104,000 | 98,200 | 104,000 | 109,900 | 118,600 | 156,000 |
April | 106,400 | 101,400 | 105,000 | 116,600 | 122,500 | 160,000 |
May | 107,500 | 103,700 | 108,500 | 132,700 | 123,400 | 163,000 |
June | 108,900 | 106,300 | 112,300 | 139,100 | 127,800 | 167,000 |
July | 111,000 | 107,700 | 111,800 | 139,200 | 130,000 | 167,100 |
August | 112,700 | 110,600 | 112,100 | 140,400 | 133,200 | 158,127 |
September | 107,600 | 106,600 | 110,900 | 126,300 | 153,700 | 156,443 |
October | 107,000 | 104,700 | 110,900 | 120,500 | 156,000 | 156,632 |
November | 102,800 | 101,500 | 107,100 | 119,000 | 151,300 | 150,627 |
December | 95,000 | 97,500 | 104,100 | 108,700 | 142,900 | 144,223 |
Total monthly traffic (in millions)
- As of January 2019[56]
2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
January | 2.78 | 2.66 | 2.74 | 2.89 | 3.08 | 4.21 |
February | 2.65 | 2.42 | 2.74 | 2.89 | 2.79 | 3.70 |
March | 3.00 | 2.71 | 2.90 | 3.16 | 3.41 | 4.52 |
April | 3.01 | 2.83 | 2.94 | 3.27 | 3.29 | 4.45 |
May | 3.16 | 2.98 | 3.11 | 3.72 | 3.58 | 4.79 |
June | 3.04 | 2.95 | 3.17 | 3.89 | 3.57 | 4.67 |
July | 3.33 | 3.18 | 3.24 | 4.00 | 3.75 | 4.84 |
August | 3.04 | 3.25 | 3.21 | 4.08 | 3.79 | 4.90 |
September | 3.02 | 3.02 | 3.12 | 3.43 | 4.36 | 4.69 |
October | 3.02 | 3.05 | 3.23 | 3.36 | 4.49 | 4.85 |
November | 2.86 | 2.77 | 2.95 | 3.23 | 4.24 | 4.51 |
December | 2.78 | 2.85 | 3.02 | 3.01 | 4.43 | 4.47 |
See also
- List of crossings of the Fraser River
- List of bridges in Canada
- Tallest structures in Canada
References
- ^ a b c Richard Gilbert (January 16, 2012), Engineer questions the decision to replace Port Mann bridge, Journal of Commerce, archived from the original on January 3, 2015, retrieved August 6, 2014
- ^ News Staff (September 18, 2012). "Three eastbound lanes open on new Port Mann Bridge". CityNews. CityNews. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ Nagel, Jeff (September 5, 2012). "Sept. 18 set for first crossings of new Port Mann". Peace Arch News. Peace Arch News. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ Luba, Frank (November 13, 2012). "Drivers switch to new Port Mann Bridge as of this Saturday". Wilderness Committee. Wilderness Committee. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ British Columbia Office of the Premier (December 1, 2012). "New Port Mann Bridge opens to eight lanes of traffic". British Columbia Government News. Government of British Columbia. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ^ "Facts & Trivia". Pmh1project.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
- . J110.L5 S7; 1961_V01_10_F1_F124F. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- . J110.L5 S7; 1962_V01_13_I1_I159. Retrieved December 2, 2022.
- ProQuest 2369054564.
The first multi-million dollar contract for the Port Mann crossing, three miles east of the Pattullo bridge, was awarded last week.
- ProQuest 2369081808.
- ProQuest 2243691725.
Construction of the four-lane bridge is expected to begin within a week.
- ^ "Port Mann Improvement". BC Government. Archived from the original on December 27, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
- ^ "Port Mann Bridge sets Guinness record". CTV News. September 13, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
- ^ a b Arminas, David (August 14, 2015). "Almost gone: Canada's old Port Mann Bridge deconstructed". World Highways. Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ Deconstruction of old Port Mann bridge. Journal of Commerce (video). Retrieved June 19, 2022.
- ^ "Surrey Archives". Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved December 27, 2012.
- ^ "Port mann bridge". Buckland & Taylor Ltd. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
- ^ "Gateway Program Definition Report" (PDF). Ministry of Transportation of British Columbia. January 31, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 11, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2007.
- ^ "Travel Characteristics of Traffic on the Highway 1 Corridor" (PDF). Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority. July 2, 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 11, 2007. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ Davis, Chuck. "1964 Chronology". The History of Metropolitan Vancouver. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2009.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Questions about the B.C. Government's Port Mann and Highway 1 proposal for the Vancouver Region" (PDF). The Livable Region Coalition. October 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2007.
- ^ "Proposed twinning of the Port Mann Bridge and Highway 1 expansion" (PDF). David Suzuki Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 18, 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2007.
- ^ Hub Cycling (July 2, 2015). "Port Mann Bridge Cycling & Walking Path Complete, Highlights Need for AAA Connectivity". bikehub.ca. Hub Cycling. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ Doherty, Eric. "Taken for a Ride: Technical and Media Manipulation in the Gateway Program's response to Transportation for a Sustainable Region: Transit or Freeway Expansion" (PDF). Livable Region Coalition. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2011. Retrieved September 1, 2011.
- ^ "Port Mann Bridge to have high speed bus service". CBC. October 5, 2007. Retrieved February 18, 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Single 10-lane bridge to replace Port Mann". CBC. February 4, 2009. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
- ^ Agreement in Principle Reached for Port Mann Project - Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure
- ^ "Province to foot entire cost of new Port Mann Bridge". CBC. February 27, 2009. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2009.
- ^ "Port Mann Bridge sets Guinness record". CTV News. September 13, 2012. Retrieved September 20, 2012.
- ^ "Old Port Mann Bridge has been finally dismantled". The Province. October 20, 2015. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ "Port Mann/Highway 1 Improvement Project" (PDF). Partnerships BC. March 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ Duggan, Evan (February 10, 2012). "Crane collapses on new Port Mann, drops 90 tonnes of concrete into water". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ Austin, Ian; Ip, Stephanie (February 19, 2012). "Port Mann Bridge fix sought after 'ice bombs' shatter windshields". The Province. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
- ^ "RAW: Port Mann closed after injuries". CBC BC News. February 19, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
- ^ Meiszner, Peter. "Port Mann Bridge "ice bomb prevention system" debuts during today's snowy weather". Global News. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
- ^ Slattery, Jill. "Windshields shattered after ice bombs fall from Metro Vancouver bridges". Global News. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
- ^ Judd, Amy. "Port Mann Bridge closed for hours due to unsafe icy driving conditions". Global News. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
- ^ "Port Mann toll rates have changed". TReO. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
- ^ "Failing to pay your toll". TReO (Transportation Investment Corporation). January 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 23, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ "Failing to pay your toll" (PDF). TReO, Transportation Investment Corporation. January 2, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 17, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ Sinoski, Kelly (February 10, 2012). "Errant U.S. drivers to be tracked in B.C." Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. Retrieved February 12, 2012.
- ^ "Ways to save". Treo. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
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- ^ "Register Your Vehicle". Account.treo.ca. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "TReO › Vehicle Decals". Treo. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ Nagel, Jeff (July 30, 2015). "Port Mann Bridge tolls rise to $3.15 per crossing". Surrey Now-Leader. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ^ Lindsay, Bethany (August 25, 2017). "Tolls to be eliminated on Port Mann and Golden Ears bridges". CBC News. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
- ^ "Transportation Investment Corporation 2015/16 ANNUAL SERVICE PLAN REPORT" (PDF). TI Corp. Retrieved March 19, 2017.
- ^ a b "Traffic volumes - Transportation Investment Corporation". Transportation Investment Corporation. Retrieved November 11, 2019.