Port Said
Port Said
بورسعيد | |
---|---|
+20-66 | |
Website | PortSaid.gov.eg (in Arabic) |
Port Said (
There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the Suez Canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there is hardly any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is Istanbul.
Port Said acted as a global city since its establishment and flourished particularly during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century when it was inhabited by various nationalities and religions. Most of them were from Mediterranean countries, and they coexisted in tolerance, forming a cosmopolitan community. Referring to this fact Rudyard Kipling once said "If you truly wish to find someone you have known and who travels, there are two points on the globe you have but to sit and wait, sooner or later your man will come there: the docks of London and Port Said".[6]
Name
The name of Port Said first appeared in 1855. It was chosen by an international committee composed of
Urbanized residents pronounce the name (IPA: [boɾ.sæˈʕiːd, poɾ.sæˈʕiːd]); unurbanized residents pronounce it [bɔrsaˈʕɛˑd].
Historically was called in
History
Founding (1859)
Port Said was founded by Sa'id of Egypt on Easter Monday, April 25, 1859, when Ferdinand de Lesseps gave the first symbolic swing of the pickaxe to signal the beginning of construction. The first problem encountered was the difficulty for ships to drop anchor nearby. Luckily, a single rocky outcrop flush with the shoreline was discovered a few hundred meters away. Equipped with a wooden wharf, it served as a mooring berth for the boats. Soon after, a wooden jetty was built, connecting the departure islet, as it quickly became known, to the beach. This rock could be considered the heart of the developing city, and it was on this highly symbolic site, forty years later, that a monument to de Lesseps was erected.[6]
There were no local resources here. Everything Port Said needed had to be imported: wood, stone, supplies, machinery, equipment, housing, food and even water. Giant water storage containers were erected to supply fresh water until the
Since its establishment, Port Said played a significant role in Egyptian history. The British entered Egypt through the city in 1882, starting their occupation of Egypt.
Thriving international port and city (1902–1945)
At the start of the twentieth century, two things happened to change Port Said: in 1902, Egyptian cotton from Mataria started to be exported via Port Said; and in 1904 a standard gauge railway opened to Cairo. The result was to attract a large commercial community and to raise its social status. In particular a sizable Greek community grew up. In 1907, the quickly growing city had about 50,000 inhabitants, among whom were 11,000 Europeans "of all nations".[8] During the First World War, Port Said became home to an important Allied hospital.[9] Due to the strategic location of Port Said intersecting Europe, Africa and Asia, thousands of men were sent to this hospital. This included soldiers wounded as a result from the Gallipoli campaign in 1915. Following the end of the World War I, the directors of the Suez Canal Company decided to create a new city on the Asian bank, building 300 houses for its labourers and functionaries. Port Fouad was designed by the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. The houses follow the French model. The new city was founded in December 1926.
Since its foundation people of all nationalities and religions had been moving to the city and each community brought in its own customs, cuisine, religion and architecture. By the late 1920s the population numbered over 100,000 people. In the 1930s for example there were elegant public buildings designed by Italian architects. The old Arab Quarter was swallowed up into the thriving city.[10] Port Said by now was a thriving, bustling international port with a multi-national population: Jewish merchants, Egyptian shopkeepers, Greek photographers, Italian architects, Swiss hoteliers, Maltese administrators, Scottish engineers, French bankers and diplomats from all around the world. All lived and worked alongside the large local Egyptian community. And always passing through were international travelers to and from Africa, India and the Far East. Intermarriage between French, Italian and Maltese was particularly common, resulting in a local Latin and Catholic community like those of Alexandria and Cairo. French was the common language of the European and non-Arab population, and often the first language of children born to parents from different communities. Italian was also widely spoken and was the mother tongue of part of the Maltese community, since the ancestors of the latter had come to Egypt before the Anglicization of Malta in the 1920s. Multilingualism was a characteristic of the foreign population of Port Said, with most people continuing to speak community languages as well as the common French.
In 1936 a treaty was signed between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt called the
Revolution, end of British occupation (1946–present)
Following
The
The withdrawal of the last soldier of foreign troops was on 23 December 1956.[11] Since then, this day was chosen as Port Said's national day. It is widely celebrated annually in Port Said. The French-speaking European community had begun to emigrate to Europe, Australia, South Africa and elsewhere in 1946 and most of the remainder left Egypt in the wake of the Suez Crisis, paralleling the contemporary exodus of French-speaking Europeans from Tunisia. Most of the Greek community was also expelled or left the town under the rule of Gamal Abdel Nasser.[12]
After the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, also called the Six-Day War, the Suez Canal was closed by an Egyptian blockade until 5 June 1975, and the residents of Port Said were evacuated by the Egyptian government to prepare for the Yom Kippur War (1973). The city was re-inhabited after the war and the reopening of the Canal. In 1976, Port Said was declared a duty-free port, attracting people from all over Egypt. Now the population of the city is 603,787.
Economy
Port Said has been ranked the second among the Egyptian cities according to the
Due to its excellent geographic location, Port Said is designed to attract logistics start ups along with import and export businesses.[15]
In 2019, the city witnessed the construction of the New Suez Canal, led by the Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
East Port Said Industrial Zone
The government provides a number of incentives to investors in the scheme including zero tax and duties on tools, machines and raw materials related to the production of goods for export.[16]
Geography
Climate
Port Said has a
because Port Said is drier. January and February are the coolest months while the hottest are July and August.The highest record temperature was 44 °C (111 °F), recorded on June 20, 1988, while the lowest record temperature was 0 °C (32 °F), recorded on December 25, 1979.[17]
Port Said,
Climate data for Port Said (Port Said Airport) 1991–2020 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 29.7 (85.5) |
31.9 (89.4) |
34.6 (94.3) |
41.8 (107.2) |
45.0 (113.0) |
39.8 (103.6) |
36.4 (97.5) |
35.1 (95.2) |
35.6 (96.1) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.9 (93.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.8 (83.8) |
30.8 (87.4) |
31.3 (88.3) |
29.9 (85.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
27.3 (81.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
21.5 (70.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.6 (67.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.5 (67.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.6 (43.9) |
2.2 (36.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.3 (0.64) |
12.0 (0.47) |
10.6 (0.42) |
3.8 (0.15) |
1.5 (0.06) |
0.1 (0.00) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
4.3 (0.17) |
4.8 (0.19) |
7.8 (0.31) |
61.4 (2.42) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 3.2 | 2.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 13.0 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
68 | 66 | 65 | 64 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 65 | 67 | 69 | 67 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
17.5 (63.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.9 (58.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 213.9 | 206.2 | 266.6 | 294.0 | 337.9 | 360.0 | 378.2 | 365.8 | 330.0 | 310.0 | 261.0 | 204.6 | 3,528.2 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 9.8 | 10.9 | 12.0 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 10.0 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 9.6 |
Source 1: NOAA (humidity, dew point, records 1961–1990)[18][19] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Arab Meteorology Book (sun)[20] |
Municipal divisions and demographics
Modern Port Said is divided into seven districts:[5]
- Al-Ganoub District:
- Al-Zohour District:
- Al-Dawahy District:
- Al-Sharq District:
- Al-Manakh District:
- Al-Arab District:
- Gharb District:
Port Said's districts are further subdivided in to eight qism (police ward) which had a total estimated population as of January 2023 of 680,375 people:[3]
Anglicized name | Native name | Arabic transliteration | Population
(January 2023 Est.) |
Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al Dawahi | قسم الضواحي | Aḍ-Ḍawāḥy | 148,624 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Arab | قسم العرب | Al-'Arab | 60,251 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Janoub | قسم الجنوب | Al-Janūb | 41,901 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Janoub 2 | قسم ثان الجنوب | Al-Janūb 2 | 38,273 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Manakh | قسم المناخ | Al-Manākh | 84,679 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Manasra | قسم المناصرة | Al-Manāṣrah | 5,587 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Sharq | قسم الشرق | Ash-Sharq | 34,679 | Qism (fully urban) |
Al Zohur | قسم شرطة الزهور | Az-Zuhūr | 266,381 |
Squares
- Mansheya Square, in Al-Sharq district
- Al-Shohda Square, in Al-Sharq district
- AL-Mohafza Square (The governorate Square), in Al-Sharq district
- AL-Sayed Metwaly Square (formerly Al-Estad Square), in Al-Manakh district
- Volgograd Square, in Al-Manakh district
- Bizerte Square, in Al-Zohour district
- Haye Al-Zohour Square, in Al-Zohour district
- AL-Horeya garden Square, in Port Fouadcity
Recreational
- Ferial Garden
- The History Garden
- Montaza Gardens
- Al-Amal Garden
- Al-Farama Garden
- AL-Horeya Garden
- Saad Zaghlul Garden
- Restaurants Complex
Education
Colleges and universities
Port Said has a number of higher education institutions.
Schools
Port Said contains about 349 schools in all different educational stages between governmental, experimental, private language schools beside French historical schools.
Transport
Port
Suez Canal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legend
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The
- Port Said Port
- East Port Said Port
The port is bordered, seaward, by an imaginary line from the western breakwater boundary till the eastern breakwater end. And from the Suez Canal area, it is bordered by an imaginary line extending transversely from the southern bank of the Canal connected to Manzala Lake, and the railways arcade livestock.
- Main channel
- Length: 8 km (5 mi)
- Depth: 13.72 m (45.01 ft)
- East verge channel
- Length: 19.5 km (12 mi)
- Depth: 18.29 m (60.01 ft)
Approach area
Two breakwaters protect the port entrance channel: the western breakwater is about 3.5 mi (5.6 km) long, and the eastern breakwater is approximately 1.5 mi (2.4 km).
Dwelling area
The Suez Canal Dwelling Area is situated between latitudes 31° 21' N and 31° 25' N and longitudes 32° 16.2°' E and 32° 20.6' E. where vessels awaiting to accede Port Said port stay whether to join the North convoy to transit the Suez Canal to carry out stevedoring operations or to be supplied with provisions and bunkers. The dwelling area is divided into two sections: The Northern Area is allocated for vessels with deep drafts. The Southern Area is for all vessel types.
Airports
Port Said is served by Port Said Airport located about 6 km (3.7 mi) away from city centre.
The airport was reopened in February 2011 after being modernised to be fit for international flights.[25] Scheduled flights from the airport ceased in 1996.[26]
Motor highways
There are three main highways that connect Port Said to other cities in Egypt:
- International Coastal Road – a 257 km (160 mi) east–west highway that connects Port Said to Alexandria along the Mediterranean coast.
- Desert Road – a 215 km (134 mi) north–south route via Al Ismaileya – Port Saeed and Masr – Al Ismaileya Desert Road from Port Said to Cairo.
- International Coastal Road – a 53 km (33 mi) east–west highway from Port Said – Damietta.
Train
The Port Said train station is on Mustafa Kamal Street and was built around 1904 when the Egyptian Railway Authority extended service in the region.[10]
There are frequent train services from Cairo, Alexandria and other main Egyptian cities to Port Said. The travel time between Cairo and Port Said is about four hours while the Alexandria – Port Said route can be covered in about six hours. Intercity passenger service is operated by Egyptian National Railways. Tickets can be reserved online using the Egyptian National Railways website.[27]
Ferry
Port Said is linked by
Other means of public transport
Public
Culture
Libraries
The Port Said Library at the time of its inauguration reached about 14,000 books and was supplied by encyclopedias and modern references.[29]
Theaters
Port Said has about 11 theatres.[1]
- Port Said Opera Housewas inaugurated on 28 December 2016, where Arabic music, classical music, opera and ballet are performed.
Museums
- Port Said National Museum is located on Palestine Street in front of the tourist jetty, near the centre of the city. It contains about 9,000 artifacts that narrate the story of Port Said and Egypt.
- Port Said Military Museum was inaugurated in 1964. It is located in 23 July Street. It narrates the story of the Egyptian resistance in Port Said for the tripartite aggression during the Suez Crisis in 1956, and the wars of 1967 and 1973. It also contains a hall that narrates the genesis of the city and the Suez Canal.
- Museum of Modern Art in Egypt is a modern and contemporary art museum, located in Shohada Square, in Port Said, beneath the Obelisk of Martyrs.
- Museum of the Authority of the Suez Canal was inaugurated in August 2015. It narrates the story of the Suez Canal since its establishment.
Parks
Port Said has 23 parks which includes the Ferial Park (21,904 square meters), the Farma Park (12,469.4 square meters), the Khazanat Park (2,000 square meters), and the Aldawlia Park (8 Hektars).[2]
Sports
The main sport that interests Port Saidis is
Al Masry Club Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Port Said. Built in 1954, it currently seats 17,988 and is used mostly for football matches, including the 1997 FIFA U-17 World Championship, 2006 African Cup of Nations, and 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. [30] The 2012 Port Said Stadium riot took place there.
The second most popular sport in Port Said is handball, and the city has a club called Port Said Club that won many local and African tournaments during the nineties.
Port Said Hall is an indoor hall located in the Sports City in Port Said. It hosts competitions of handball, basketball, and volleyball, and was used for the 1999 World Men's Handball Championship. It holds 5000 people.
Hockey, swimming, and other sports are also practiced on a lower scale.
Language
Among speakers of Egyptian Arabic, the Port Saidi accent is unique. It is also called Abu Alarabi and Bambooti Accent.
Tourism
Port Said is a main summer resort and
Ashtoum el-Gamil is a protectorate which is located 7km west of Port Said on the Port Said-Damietta coastal road. It is also where Lake Manzalah connects with the Mediterranean Sea. (In front of the mouth of the Lake is Tanees Island. The entire area is a very important place for birds.) Its area is 180 km2 and was established in 1988. Its main objective is to conserve the migratory birds. It is managed by the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency .[31]
Nearby to El Gameel area, there will be a real estate mixed use project named "Downtown Portsaid". The project will cater to both residents and tourists as well as investors in the area, and is anticipated to be an attraction hotspot.[32]
Notable people
- Abdulrahman Fawzi, former Egyptian player in Al Masry and Zamalek SC, participated in the 1934 FIFA World Cup
- Abdel Rahman Shokry, Egyptian poet
- Amr Diab, Egyptian singer and composer and best-selling Arab recording artist
- El-Sayed El-Dhizui, former Egyptian player in Al Masry and one of the top scorers in the Egyptian Premier League
- Ahmed El Shenawy, Egyptian football player
- George Isaac, Egyptian activist
- Hans Dijkstal, Dutch politician "former Deputy Prime Minister"
- Ibrahim El Batout, Egyptian director
- Kamal Darwish, former president of Zamalek SC
- Atalla Corporation
- Mohamed Shawky, professional football player with Al Ahly
- Mohamed Zidan, professional football player with Borussia Dortmund
- Al-Masry Club"the historic star of the team")
- Mahmoud Yassin, Egyptian Actor
- Soheir Ramzi, Egyptian actress
- Yves F. Barbaza, born in Port Said, is a French World War I flying ace, credited with five aerial victories.
Twin towns and sister cities
Port Said is twinned with:
See also
- Closure of the Suez Canal (1956–1957)
- Closure of the Suez Canal (1967–1975)
- Container transport
- Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia
- List of cities and towns in Egypt
References
- ^ "Egypt's new provincial governors: Who's who?". Ahram Online. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Egypt: Governorates, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
- ^ a b c "Population estimates of the Arab Republic of Egypt by qism on 1/1/2023" (PDF). Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics. 1 January 2023.
- ^ "GDP BY GOVERNORATE", mped.gov.eg
- ^ a b "About - Administrative Division". portsaid.gov.eg. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ a b Port-Saïd : Architectures XIXe-XXe siècles
- JSTOR 2138972.
- ^ Baedeker, Karl (1914). Indien. Handbuch für Reisende (in German). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. p. 5.
Die rasch anwachsende Zahl der Bewohner belief sich 1907 auf 50 000, darunter fast 11 000 Europäer aller Nationen, im übrigens Araber, Berber, Neger in buntem Gemisch.
- ^ Leeds, West Yorkshire Archive Service,Letter from Cornforth to Leeds Town Clerk Mitchell, 9 December 1918.
- ^ a b "Brief History of Port Said". Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "On This Day: 1956: Jubilation as allied troops leave Suez". BBC. 23 December 1956. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- ^ A Presence without a Narrative: The Greeks in Egypt, 1961-1976 https://journals.openedition.org/remmm/12117?lang=en Archived 1 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Consejos para la vida –". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "الصفحة الرئيسية -السياحه". Portsaid.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ Company List ›› List of Companies in Egypt ›› Companies in Port Said Archived 4 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine www.listcompany.org, accessed 10 April 2021
- ^ "Suez Canal Area Development Project – Rules and Regulations". www.sczone.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
- ^ "Port Said/El Gamil, Egypt". Voodoo Skies. Archived from the original on 24 April 2015. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ "Port Said Elgamil Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "Port Said/El-Gamil Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
- ^ "Appendix I: Meteorological Data" (PDF). Springer. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ^ "New Suez Canal". Government of Egypt (Suez Canal Authority). Archived from the original on 12 August 2015.
- ^ "Welcome to the Port of Hamburg". Hafen-hamburg.de. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "A maritime Silk Road to peaceful seas". Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "China's Maritime Silk Road Initiative". 22 July 2018. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "Port Said Airport to be inaugurated in February". English.ahram.org.eg. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ "Egyptair launches new route to Port Said from Cairo". Anna.aero. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "Transportation in Port Said". Archived from the original on 19 November 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ISBN 9781843530503. Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "history-intro". Archived from the original on 19 December 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak officially inaugurated the Library on Monday, March 21, 1995...
- ^ "Official Website :: Al Masry Sporting Club :: الموقع الرسمي للنادي المصري للألعاب الرياضية :: تأسس عام 1920 ::استاد المصرى". Almasryclub.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
- ^ "Ashtum El Gamil Protected Area of Egypt". Touregypt.net. Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ "Downtown Port Said - Waterway - Port Said - Egypt". www.cooingestate.com. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
Further reading
- Helen Chapin Metz, Egypt: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1990., Helen Chapin Metz, ed.
External links
- Port Said Governorate official website (in English and Arabic)
- Egypt state information service – Port Said (in English)
- History of Port Said (1859–1939) (in English)
- Port Said Port Authority
- Port Said's Free-zone
- Port Said history
- Port Said Online Archived 28 December 2012 at archive.today (in Arabic)