Port of Constanța
Port of Constanța | |
---|---|
tonnes (2014) | |
Annual container volume | 668,293 TEU's (2014) |
Value of cargo | US$ 6 billion |
Passenger traffic | 69,910 people[3] |
Annual revenue | US$ 160 million |
Net income | US$ 14 million |
Website www.portofconstantza.com |
The Port of Constanța is located in
The favourable geographical position and the importance of the Port of Constanța is emphasized by the connection with two Pan-European transport corridors: IV (high speed railway&highway) and the Pan-European Corridor VII (Danube). The two satellite ports, Midia and Mangalia, located not far from Constanța Port, are part of the Romanian maritime port system under the coordination of the Maritime Ports Administration SA.
History
The history of the port is closely related to the history of Constanța. Although Constanța was founded in the 2nd century AD the old
In the Byzantine period the evolution of the port is halted due to the frequent invasions by the migratory people, the trade was fading and the traders were looking for other more secure markets like Venice or Genoa but many constructions in the port maintain the name genovese in the memory of the merchants from the Italian city. After a brief period when the port was under Romanian rule, the Dobruja region was occupied by the Ottoman Empire. In 1857, the Turkish authorities leased the port and the Cernavodă–Constanța Railway to the British company Danube and Black Sea Railway and Kustendge Harbour Company Ltd.[6]
The construction of the port began on October 16, 1896,
Starting with 1967, the port was expanded to the south. The construction of the
Operations
Constanța Port has a handling capacity of 100,000,000 tonnes (98,000,000 long tons; 110,000,000 short tons) per year and 156
Constanța Port is both a maritime and a river port. Daily, more than 200 river vessels are in the port for cargo loading or unloading or waiting to be operated. The connection of the port with the Danube river is made through the Danube–Black Sea Canal, which represents one of the main strengths of Constanța Port.[5] Important cargo quantities are carried by river, between Constanta and Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia and Germany. River traffic is very important for the Constanța Port, having a share of 23.3% of the total traffic in 2005, when 8,800 river vessels called to the port.[5]
Connections
The rail network in the Port of Constanța is connected to the Romanian and European rail network, with the Port of Constanța being a starting and terminus point for Corridor IV, a Pan-European corridor. Round-the-clock train services carry high volumes of cargo to the most important economic areas of Romania and Eastern Europe, the Port of Constanța being also an important transport node of the TRACECA Corridor, providing the connection between Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. The total length of railways in the port amounts to 300 km (190 mi).[9]
The ten gates of the Port of Constanța are connected with the Romanian and European road network via DN39 and DN39A national roads and the A4 motorway. The connection with Corridor IV has a strategic importance, linking the Port of Constanța with the landlocked countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Constantza port is also located close to Corridor IX, passing through Bucharest. The total length of roads in the port amounts to 100 km (62 mi).[10]
The oil terminal has seven operational
Satellite ports
The two satellite ports of Constanța are Midia, located 25 km (16 mi) north of the Constanța complex and Mangalia, 38 km (24 mi) to the south. Both perform a vital function in the overall plan to increase the efficiency of the main port's facilities - and both are facing continuous upgradings in order to meet the growing demands of cargo owners. In 2004 the traffic achieved by the two satellite ports was 3% from the general traffic, 97% being achieved by the Port of Constanța.[12]
The Port of Midia[13] is located on the Black Sea coastline, approx 13.5 nmi (25.0 km) north of Constanța. The north and south breakwaters have a total length of 6.7 km (4.2 mi). The port covers 834 ha (89,800,000 sq ft) of which 234 ha (25,200,000 sq ft) is land and 600 ha (65,000,000 sq ft) is water. There are 14 berths (11 operational berths, three berths belong to Constanța Shipyard) with a total length of 2.24 km (1.39 mi). Further to dredging operations performed the port depths are increased to 9 m (30 ft) at crude oil discharging berths 1–4, allowing access to tankers having a 8.5 m (28 ft) maximum draught and 20,000 DWT.
The Port of Mangalia[13] is located on the Black Sea, close to the southern border with Bulgaria, and over 260 km (160 mi) north of Istanbul. It covers 142.19 ha (15,305,000 sq ft) of which 27.47 ha (2,957,000 sq ft) is land and 114.72 ha (12,348,000 sq ft) is water. The north and south breakwaters have a total length of 2.74 km (1.70 mi). There are 4 berths (2 operational berths) with a total length of 540 m (1,770 ft). The maximum depth is 9 m (30 ft).
Statistics
In 2016 the Port of Constanța handled a total traffic of 59,424,821 tonnes (58,486,297 long tons; 65,504,652 short tons) of cargo and 711,339
Years | 2006 | 2010 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total traffic* | 57,126,389 | 47,563,879 | 56,336,772 | 59,424,821 | 58,379,154 | 61,303,774 | 66,603,292 | 60,375,799 | 67,483,435 | 75,537,687 |
Liquid bulk* | 14,731,819 | 11,210,940 | 12,203,606 | 13,662,917 | 13,354,280 | 14,022,558 | 14,920,635 | 12,425,658 | 12,821,712 | 18,001,109 |
Dry bulk* | 28,023,866 | 27,157,391 | 33,285,131 | 35,189,409 | 34,853,978 | 37,192,770 | 41,583,345 | 38,580,780 | 44,562,451 | 44,831,522 |
General Cargo* | 4,554,946 | 3,307,669 | 3,998,471 | 3,675,141 | 3,646,803 | 3,524,788 | 3,546,879 | 3,023,669 | 3,915,944 | 4,783,304 |
Containers (Gross Weight)* | 9,815,758 | 5,887,879 | 6,849,564 | 6,897,354 | 6,524,093 | 6,563,658 | 6,552,433 | 6,345,692 | 6,183,913 | 7,921,752 |
Containers (number) | 672,443 | 353,711 | 420,793 | 434,439 | 413,253 | 400,832 | 400,945 | 389,061 | 379,139 | 460,506 |
Containers (TEU's) | 1,037,077 | 556,694 | 689,012 | 711,339 | 696,438 | 668,016 | 666,036 | 643,725 | 631,946 | 776,590 |
Seagoing vessels
|
5,049 | 5,202 | 4,605 | 4,331 | 4,093 | 4,139 | 4,176 | 4,031 | 3,985 | 4,498 |
River vessels
|
8,180 | 7,945 | 9,769 | 10,185 | 9,272 | 9,487 | 10,395 | 10,344 | 10,619 | 10,890 |
- * figures in tonnes
Terminals
The annual traffic capacity of the liquid bulk
There are two specialised terminals that operate iron ore, bauxite, coal and coke with 13 berths,[18] a storage capacity of 4,700,000 tonnes (4,600,000 long tons; 5,200,000 short tons) simultaneously and an annual traffic capacity of around 27,000,000 tonnes (27,000,000 long tons; 30,000,000 short tons). The terminal has 10 berths with storage facilities for phosphorus 36,000 tonnes (35,000 long tons; 40,000 short tons), urea 30,000 tonnes (30,000 long tons; 33,000 short tons) and chemical products 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons; 53,000 short tons). The annual traffic capacity is 4,200,000 tonnes (4,100,000 long tons; 4,600,000 short tons).[19] There are two terminals for cereals in Constanța North and Constanța South, with a total annual traffic capacity of 5,000,000 tonnes (4,900,000 long tons; 5,500,000 short tons).[20] Constanța North Terminal has five berths, a storage capacity of 1,080,000 tonnes (1,060,000 long tons; 1,190,000 short tons) per year, and an annual traffic capacity of 2,500,000 tonnes (2,500,000 long tons; 2,800,000 short tons). Constanța South Terminal has one berth, a storage capacity of 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) per year, and an annual traffic capacity of 2.5 million tonnes. For refrigerated products, the terminal has one berth and an annual storage capacity of 17,000 tonnes (17,000 long tons; 19,000 short tons) tonnes. The terminal has one berth, the organic oils are stored in seven storage tanks of 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) each, and the molasses is directly discharged in ships, rail cars or tankers.[21]
For cement and construction materials, there are two terminals with seven berths and a storage capacity of 40,000 tonnes and an annual traffic capacity of 4 million tonnes.[22] There is also a private cement terminal operated by a Spanish company Ceminter International with an annual traffic capacity of 1 million tonnes.[23] There is one
There are two
Hutchison Whampoa was interested in investing around US$80 million in a new container terminal of 650–700,000 twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEUs) located in Constanța South on a 35 ha (3,800,000 sq ft) plot of land. The terminal was finished in 2010.[30]
The passenger terminal situated in Constanța North has an annual traffic capacity of 100,000 people.[31] In 2014, the port was visited by 92 passenger ships which had on board around 69,910 tourists.[32]
The barge terminal has one berth and it is located in Constanța South on the eastern shore of the Danube–Black Sea Canal. The berth is 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long and the water is seven meters deep.[33] The tugboat terminal has one berth and it is located in Constanța South on the western shore of the Danube–Black Sea Canal. The berth is 300 m (980 ft) long and the water is five meters deep. Both terminals have an annual traffic capacity of 10,000,000 tonnes (9,800,000 long tons; 11,000,000 short tons).[33]
In 2010 the largest liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) terminal in Romania was opened in the Port of Midia by Octagon Gas, after an initial investment of €12 million. The terminal occupies an area of 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft) and has a storage capacity of 4,000 m3 (140,000 cu ft) in 10 storage tanks 400 m3 (14,000 cu ft) each. The terminal also involved the construction of a new 120 m (390 ft) long berth.[34]
References
- ^ "UNLOCODE (RO) - ROMANIA". service.unece.org. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Unul din cinci muncitori din porturile româneşti e angajat la negru" (in Romanian). www.telegrafonline.ro. 2007-02-23.
- ^ "Aproape 70.000 de turişti au sosit anul trecut în croaziere în Portul Constanţa" (in Romanian). Mediafax. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ "Informatii generale" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
- ^ a b c d e "Overview / General Info / Maritime port" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-28.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Istoric port" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-23.
- ^ "Overview / Port Statistics / General statistics & figures for 2003 - 2008" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-25.
- ^ "Portul Constanta functioneaza la jumatate din capacitate" (in Romanian). www.romanialibera.ro. 2008-03-27. Archived from the original on 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ "Connections / Intermodal / Rail" (in Romanian). Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Connections / Intermodal / Road" (in Romanian). Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Connections / Intermodal / Pipelines" (in Romanian). Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ "Overview / General Info / Satelitte ports" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-28. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
- ^ a b "Prezentare / Informatii generale / Porturi satelit" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
- ^ "Prezentare / Statistici port / Statistici generale 2005 - 2013" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2016-08-14.
- ^ "Annual report". constantza port. www.portofconstantza.com. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
- ^ "CONSTANTA PRIVITA LA 360° / portul Constanta" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "ROMPETROL INVESTESTE INTR-UN TERMINAL LA MAREA NEAGRA" (in Romanian). www.e-transport.ro. 2008-12-08. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
- ^ "Minereu, carbune, cocs" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
- ^ "Terminalul de produse chimice si ingrasaminte" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminalul de cereale" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminalul de uleiuri organice si melasa" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminalul de ciment si materiale de constructii" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminal de Ciment în Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). Buna Ziua Constanta. 2008-03-26.
- ^ "Terminal de produse lemnoase in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.stirilocale.ro. 2006-05-15.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Terminalul de automobile" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminal exclusiv pentru autoturisme, in portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.standard.ro. 2008-01-09.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Terminalul de ferry" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminale de containere" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
- ^ "Terminale / Containere" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
- ^ "Hutchinson Port Holdings este interesat sa investeasca in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.wall-street.ro. 2008-10-31.
- ^ "Terminal nou in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.cotidianul.ro. 2005-11-23.
- ^ "Aproape 70.000 de turişti au sosit anul trecut în croaziere în Portul Constanţa" (in Romanian). Mediafax. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ a b "Terminalele de barje şi de remorchere din portul Constanţa Sud au intrat în exploatare" (in Romanian). www.cugetliber.ro. 2008-08-02.
- ^ "Terminal / Gaz petrolier lichefiat" (in Romanian). portofconstantza.com. 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
External links