Port of Constanța

Coordinates: 44°10′24″N 28°38′18″E / 44.17333°N 28.63833°E / 44.17333; 28.63833
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Port of Constanța
tonnes (2014)
Annual container volume668,293 TEU's (2014)
Value of cargoUS$ 6 billion
Passenger traffic69,910 people[3]
Annual revenueUS$ 160 million
Net incomeUS$ 14 million
Website
www.portofconstantza.com

The Port of Constanța is located in

Bosphorus Strait and 85 nmi (157 km) from the Sulina Branch, through which the Danube river flows into the sea. It covers 3,926 ha (9,700 acres),[4] of which 1,313 ha (3,240 acres) is land and the rest, 2,613 ha (6,460 acres) is water. The two breakwaters located northwards and southwards shelter the port, creating the safest conditions for port activities. The present length of the north breakwater is 8,344 m (5.185 mi) and the south breakwater is 5,560 m (3.45 mi).[5]
The Port of Constanța is the largest on the Black Sea and the 17th largest in Europe.

The favourable geographical position and the importance of the Port of Constanța is emphasized by the connection with two Pan-European transport corridors: IV (high speed railway&highway) and the Pan-European Corridor VII (Danube). The two satellite ports, Midia and Mangalia, located not far from Constanța Port, are part of the Romanian maritime port system under the coordination of the Maritime Ports Administration SA.

History

The history of the port is closely related to the history of Constanța. Although Constanța was founded in the 2nd century AD the old

Constantine I.[6]

In the Byzantine period the evolution of the port is halted due to the frequent invasions by the migratory people, the trade was fading and the traders were looking for other more secure markets like Venice or Genoa but many constructions in the port maintain the name genovese in the memory of the merchants from the Italian city. After a brief period when the port was under Romanian rule, the Dobruja region was occupied by the Ottoman Empire. In 1857, the Turkish authorities leased the port and the Cernavodă–Constanța Railway to the British company Danube and Black Sea Railway and Kustendge Harbour Company Ltd.[6]

The construction of the port began on October 16, 1896,

World Wars, the port was equipped with a corn drier and a floating dock; a new building for the port administration was built and a stock exchange was established. In 1937, the amount of cargo handled was 6,200,000 tonnes (6,100,000 long tons; 6,800,000 short tons).[6]

Starting with 1967, the port was expanded to the south. The construction of the

container terminal), 2005 (passenger terminal) and 2006 (barge terminal).[6]

Constanţa from space, October 2002
Constanţa Shipyard

Operations

Constanța Port has a handling capacity of 100,000,000 tonnes (98,000,000 long tons; 110,000,000 short tons) per year and 156

bulkcarriers of 220,000 DWT.[5]

Constanța Port is both a maritime and a river port. Daily, more than 200 river vessels are in the port for cargo loading or unloading or waiting to be operated. The connection of the port with the Danube river is made through the Danube–Black Sea Canal, which represents one of the main strengths of Constanța Port.[5] Important cargo quantities are carried by river, between Constanta and Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Austria, Slovakia and Germany. River traffic is very important for the Constanța Port, having a share of 23.3% of the total traffic in 2005, when 8,800 river vessels called to the port.[5]

Connections

The rail network in the Port of Constanța is connected to the Romanian and European rail network, with the Port of Constanța being a starting and terminus point for Corridor IV, a Pan-European corridor. Round-the-clock train services carry high volumes of cargo to the most important economic areas of Romania and Eastern Europe, the Port of Constanța being also an important transport node of the TRACECA Corridor, providing the connection between Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. The total length of railways in the port amounts to 300 km (190 mi).[9]

The ten gates of the Port of Constanța are connected with the Romanian and European road network via DN39 and DN39A national roads and the A4 motorway. The connection with Corridor IV has a strategic importance, linking the Port of Constanța with the landlocked countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Constantza port is also located close to Corridor IX, passing through Bucharest. The total length of roads in the port amounts to 100 km (62 mi).[10]

The oil terminal has seven operational

Pan-European Pipeline designed to the transportation of Russian and Caspian
oil to Central Europe.

Satellite ports

Port of Mangalia

The two satellite ports of Constanța are Midia, located 25 km (16 mi) north of the Constanța complex and Mangalia, 38 km (24 mi) to the south. Both perform a vital function in the overall plan to increase the efficiency of the main port's facilities - and both are facing continuous upgradings in order to meet the growing demands of cargo owners. In 2004 the traffic achieved by the two satellite ports was 3% from the general traffic, 97% being achieved by the Port of Constanța.[12]

The Port of Midia[13] is located on the Black Sea coastline, approx 13.5 nmi (25.0 km) north of Constanța. The north and south breakwaters have a total length of 6.7 km (4.2 mi). The port covers 834 ha (89,800,000 sq ft) of which 234 ha (25,200,000 sq ft) is land and 600 ha (65,000,000 sq ft) is water. There are 14 berths (11 operational berths, three berths belong to Constanța Shipyard) with a total length of 2.24 km (1.39 mi). Further to dredging operations performed the port depths are increased to 9 m (30 ft) at crude oil discharging berths 1–4, allowing access to tankers having a 8.5 m (28 ft) maximum draught and 20,000 DWT.

The Port of Mangalia[13] is located on the Black Sea, close to the southern border with Bulgaria, and over 260 km (160 mi) north of Istanbul. It covers 142.19 ha (15,305,000 sq ft) of which 27.47 ha (2,957,000 sq ft) is land and 114.72 ha (12,348,000 sq ft) is water. The north and south breakwaters have a total length of 2.74 km (1.70 mi). There are 4 berths (2 operational berths) with a total length of 540 m (1,770 ft). The maximum depth is 9 m (30 ft).

Statistics

In 2016 the Port of Constanța handled a total traffic of 59,424,821 tonnes (58,486,297 long tons; 65,504,652 short tons) of cargo and 711,339 

.

General statistics, 2006—2022 [14][15]
Years 2006 2010 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total traffic* 57,126,389 47,563,879 56,336,772 59,424,821 58,379,154 61,303,774 66,603,292 60,375,799 67,483,435 75,537,687
Liquid bulk* 14,731,819 11,210,940 12,203,606 13,662,917 13,354,280 14,022,558 14,920,635 12,425,658 12,821,712 18,001,109
Dry bulk* 28,023,866 27,157,391 33,285,131 35,189,409 34,853,978 37,192,770 41,583,345 38,580,780 44,562,451 44,831,522
General Cargo* 4,554,946 3,307,669 3,998,471 3,675,141 3,646,803 3,524,788 3,546,879 3,023,669 3,915,944 4,783,304
Containers (Gross Weight)* 9,815,758 5,887,879 6,849,564 6,897,354 6,524,093 6,563,658 6,552,433 6,345,692 6,183,913 7,921,752
Containers (number) 672,443 353,711 420,793 434,439 413,253 400,832 400,945 389,061 379,139 460,506
Containers (TEU's) 1,037,077 556,694 689,012 711,339 696,438 668,016 666,036 643,725 631,946 776,590
Seagoing vessels
5,049 5,202 4,605 4,331 4,093 4,139 4,176 4,031 3,985 4,498
River vessels
8,180 7,945 9,769 10,185 9,272 9,487 10,395 10,344 10,619 10,890
* figures in tonnes

Constanta stats

Terminals

Constanţa shipyard
Port of Tomis

The annual traffic capacity of the liquid bulk

crude oil, diesel, gas and exporting refined products and chemical products. The terminal has nine berths and the main operator is Oil Terminal S.A. Rompetrol invested US$175 million in a new oil terminal finished in 2008, with an annual capacity of 24,000,000 tonnes (24,000,000 long tons; 26,000,000 short tons).[17]

There are two specialised terminals that operate iron ore, bauxite, coal and coke with 13 berths,[18] a storage capacity of 4,700,000 tonnes (4,600,000 long tons; 5,200,000 short tons) simultaneously and an annual traffic capacity of around 27,000,000 tonnes (27,000,000 long tons; 30,000,000 short tons). The terminal has 10 berths with storage facilities for phosphorus 36,000 tonnes (35,000 long tons; 40,000 short tons), urea 30,000 tonnes (30,000 long tons; 33,000 short tons) and chemical products 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons; 53,000 short tons). The annual traffic capacity is 4,200,000 tonnes (4,100,000 long tons; 4,600,000 short tons).[19] There are two terminals for cereals in Constanța North and Constanța South, with a total annual traffic capacity of 5,000,000 tonnes (4,900,000 long tons; 5,500,000 short tons).[20] Constanța North Terminal has five berths, a storage capacity of 1,080,000 tonnes (1,060,000 long tons; 1,190,000 short tons) per year, and an annual traffic capacity of 2,500,000 tonnes (2,500,000 long tons; 2,800,000 short tons). Constanța South Terminal has one berth, a storage capacity of 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) per year, and an annual traffic capacity of 2.5 million tonnes. For refrigerated products, the terminal has one berth and an annual storage capacity of 17,000 tonnes (17,000 long tons; 19,000 short tons) tonnes. The terminal has one berth, the organic oils are stored in seven storage tanks of 25,000 tonnes (25,000 long tons; 28,000 short tons) each, and the molasses is directly discharged in ships, rail cars or tankers.[21]

For cement and construction materials, there are two terminals with seven berths and a storage capacity of 40,000 tonnes and an annual traffic capacity of 4 million tonnes.[22] There is also a private cement terminal operated by a Spanish company Ceminter International with an annual traffic capacity of 1 million tonnes.[23] There is one

timber terminal built in 2006 with one berth and an annual traffic capacity of 600,000 tonnes (590,000 long tons; 660,000 short tons) per year,[24] or 850,000 cubic metres (30,000,000 cu ft) per year, operated by Kronospan
.

There are two

automobiles operated by Romcargo Maritim with a storage capacity for 6,000 automobiles which covers an area of 2.5 ha (6.2 acres) in Constanța North.[26] The ferry-boat terminal has one berth used for loading and unloading railway cars, locomotives and trucks. The terminal has an annual traffic capacity of 1 tonne (0.98 long tons; 1.1 short tons).[27] There are two container terminals with 14 berths,[28] one in Constanța North with two berths, and an area of 11.4 ha (1,230,000 sq ft), and one in Constanța South with 12 berths with the most important Constanța South Container Terminal.[29]

Hutchison Whampoa was interested in investing around US$80 million in a new container terminal of 650–700,000 twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEUs) located in Constanța South on a 35 ha (3,800,000 sq ft) plot of land. The terminal was finished in 2010.[30]

The passenger terminal situated in Constanța North has an annual traffic capacity of 100,000 people.[31] In 2014, the port was visited by 92 passenger ships which had on board around 69,910 tourists.[32]

The barge terminal has one berth and it is located in Constanța South on the eastern shore of the Danube–Black Sea Canal. The berth is 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long and the water is seven meters deep.[33] The tugboat terminal has one berth and it is located in Constanța South on the western shore of the Danube–Black Sea Canal. The berth is 300 m (980 ft) long and the water is five meters deep. Both terminals have an annual traffic capacity of 10,000,000 tonnes (9,800,000 long tons; 11,000,000 short tons).[33]

In 2010 the largest liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) terminal in Romania was opened in the Port of Midia by Octagon Gas, after an initial investment of €12 million. The terminal occupies an area of 24,000 m2 (260,000 sq ft) and has a storage capacity of 4,000 m3 (140,000 cu ft) in 10 storage tanks 400 m3 (14,000 cu ft) each. The terminal also involved the construction of a new 120 m (390 ft) long berth.[34]

References

  1. ^ "UNLOCODE (RO) - ROMANIA". service.unece.org. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  2. ^ "Unul din cinci muncitori din porturile româneşti e angajat la negru" (in Romanian). www.telegrafonline.ro. 2007-02-23.
  3. ^ "Aproape 70.000 de turişti au sosit anul trecut în croaziere în Portul Constanţa" (in Romanian). Mediafax. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  4. ^ "Informatii generale" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
  5. ^ a b c d e "Overview / General Info / Maritime port" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-28.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Istoric port" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-23.
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  8. ^ "Portul Constanta functioneaza la jumatate din capacitate" (in Romanian). www.romanialibera.ro. 2008-03-27. Archived from the original on 2008-03-28. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
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  10. ^ "Connections / Intermodal / Road" (in Romanian). Retrieved 2009-01-28.
  11. ^ "Connections / Intermodal / Pipelines" (in Romanian). Retrieved 2009-01-28.
  12. ^ "Overview / General Info / Satelitte ports" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-28. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
  13. ^ a b "Prezentare / Informatii generale / Porturi satelit" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
  14. ^ "Prezentare / Statistici port / Statistici generale 2005 - 2013" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2016-08-14.
  15. ^ "Annual report". constantza port. www.portofconstantza.com. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
  16. ^ "CONSTANTA PRIVITA LA 360° / portul Constanta" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  17. ^ "ROMPETROL INVESTESTE INTR-UN TERMINAL LA MAREA NEAGRA" (in Romanian). www.e-transport.ro. 2008-12-08. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
  18. ^ "Minereu, carbune, cocs" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
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  20. ^ "Terminalul de cereale" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  21. ^ "Terminalul de uleiuri organice si melasa" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  22. ^ "Terminalul de ciment si materiale de constructii" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  23. ^ "Terminal de Ciment în Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). Buna Ziua Constanta. 2008-03-26.
  24. ^ "Terminal de produse lemnoase in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.stirilocale.ro. 2006-05-15.[permanent dead link]
  25. ^ "Terminalul de automobile" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  26. ^ "Terminal exclusiv pentru autoturisme, in portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.standard.ro. 2008-01-09.[permanent dead link]
  27. ^ "Terminalul de ferry" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  28. ^ "Terminale de containere" (in Romanian). Camera de Comert, Industrie, Agricultura si Navigatie Constanta. 2009-01-24. Archived from the original on 2008-12-11.
  29. ^ "Terminale / Containere" (in Romanian). www.portofconstantza.com. 2009-01-24.
  30. ^ "Hutchinson Port Holdings este interesat sa investeasca in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.wall-street.ro. 2008-10-31.
  31. ^ "Terminal nou in Portul Constanta" (in Romanian). www.cotidianul.ro. 2005-11-23.
  32. ^ "Aproape 70.000 de turişti au sosit anul trecut în croaziere în Portul Constanţa" (in Romanian). Mediafax. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  33. ^ a b "Terminalele de barje şi de remorchere din portul Constanţa Sud au intrat în exploatare" (in Romanian). www.cugetliber.ro. 2008-08-02.
  34. ^ "Terminal / Gaz petrolier lichefiat" (in Romanian). portofconstantza.com. 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2011.

External links