Portal:Numismatics
The Numismatics Portal
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
Specialists, known as
goods
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The earliest forms of money used by people are categorised by collectors as "odd and curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating
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The Grant Memorial coinage are a gold dollar and silver half dollar struck by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1922 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ulysses S. Grant, a leading Union general during the American Civil War and later the 18th president of the United States. The two coins, identical in design and sculpted by Laura Gardin Fraser, portrayed Grant on the obverse and his birthplace in Ohio on the reverse.
The Ulysses S. Grant Centenary Memorial Association, also called the Grant Commission, wanted to sell 200,000 gold dollars to be able to finance multiple projects in the areas of Grant's birthplace and boyhood home. Congress authorized only 10,000 gold coins, but also authorized 250,000 half dollars. Hoping to boost sales, the Grant Commission asked for 5,000 of the gold dollars to bear a special mark, an incuse star; the Mint did the same for the half dollars as well, unasked for. (Full article...) -
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The Kennedy half dollar, first minted in 1964, is a fifty-cent coin issued by the United States Mint. Intended as a memorial to the assassinated 35th president of the United States John F. Kennedy, it was authorized by Congress just over a month after his death. Use of existing works by Mint sculptors Gilroy Roberts and Frank Gasparro allowed dies to be prepared quickly, and striking of the new coins began in January 1964.
The silver coins were hoarded upon their release in March 1964 by collectors and those interested in a memento of the late president. Although the Mint greatly increased production, the denomination was seldom seen in circulation. Continued rises in the price of silver increased the hoarding—many early Kennedy half dollars have been melted for their silver content. Starting with 1965-dated coins, the percentage of fine silver was reduced from 90% to 40% (silver clad), but even with this change the coin saw little circulation. (Full article...) -
The Eisenhower dollar is a one-dollar coin issued by the United States Mint from 1971 to 1978; it was the first coin of that denomination issued by the Mint since the Peace dollar series ended in 1935. The coin depicts President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the obverse, and a stylized image honoring the 1969 Apollo 11 Moon mission on the reverse. Both sides were designed by Frank Gasparro, with the reverse based on the mission patch designed by astronaut Michael Collins. It is the only large-size U.S. dollar coin whose circulation strikes contained no silver.
In 1965, because of rises in bullion prices, the Mint began to strike copper-nickel clad coins instead of silver. No dollar coins had been issued for thirty years, but, beginning in 1969, legislators sought to reintroduce a dollar coin into commerce. After Eisenhower died that March, there were a number of proposals to honor him with the new coin. While these bills generally commanded wide support, enactment was delayed by a dispute over whether the new dollar coin should be in base metal or 40% silver. In 1970, a compromise was reached to strike the Eisenhower dollar in base metal for circulation, and in 40% silver as a collectible. On December 31, 1970, President Richard Nixon, who had served as vice president under Eisenhower, signed legislation authorizing mintage of the new coin. (Full article...) -
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Benjamin Maximillian Mehl (November 5, 1884 – September 28, 1957), usually known as B. Max Mehl, was an American dealer in coins, selling them for over half a century. The most prominent dealer in the United States, through much of the first half of the 20th century, he is credited with helping to expand the appeal of coin collecting from a hobby for the wealthy to one enjoyed by many.
Mehl was born in Congress Poland, which was part of the Russian Empire. His family brought him to what is now Lithuania, and then to the United States, settling in Fort Worth, Texas, where he lived for almost all of his adult life. While still a teenager, he began to sell coins, which he had previously collected. Joining the American Numismatic Association (ANA) in 1903 at age 18, he quickly became a full-time coin dealer, and by 1910 was one of the most well-known in the country. (Full article...)
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cents during the Civil War.
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Did you know...
- ...that with its Newfoundlandwas the only British colony to issue circulating gold coinage?
- ...that Canadian currency?
- ...that the American Buffalo gold bullion coin was the first .9999 fine 24-carat gold coin released by the United States Mint?
- ...that the Alabama centennial half dollar was the first commemorative coinminted with the image of a living individual?
- ...that Aksumite currency was the only native coinage to be issued in Africa without direct influence by an outside culture like Roman, Greek, etc...?
Related portals
Selected coin -
The
since the coin's introduction in 1969. , five different royal portraits have been used. there were an estimated 920 million 50p coins in circulation. The coin has proved popular withcoin collectors leading to numerous differing designs for both commemorative and circulating coins. (Full article...
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banknotes
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The following are images from various numismatics-related articles on Wikipedia.
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AMughal Emperor Alamgir II (1754-1759) (from Coin)
- Early
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Coin)Coins can be stacked. (from
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TheAsia Minor developed the usage of portraiture from c. 420 BC. Portrait of the Satrap of Lydia, Tissaphernes (c. 445–395 BC). (from Coin)
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Bank of England Charter (1694). The bank began the first permanent issue of banknotes a year later. (from Banknote)The sealing of the
- The world's oldest coin, created in the ancient Kingdom of Lydia (from
- A 7th century one-third stater coin from Lydia, shown larger (from
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100 USD banknote (from History of money)
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Medieval Europe in his book, The Travels of Marco Polo. (from Banknote)
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Spade money from theZhou Dynasty, c. 650–400 BC (from History of money)
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Maurya Empire, known as rūpyarūpa, with symbols of wheel and elephant. 3rd century BC (from History of money)Silver coin of the
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Coin)French 1992 twenty Franc Tri-Metallic coin (from
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cruzados banknotes were overstamped and issued as 1, 5, and 10 cruzados novos banknotes for several months before cruzado novo banknotes were printed and issued. Banknotes can be overstamped with new denominations, typically when a country converts to a new currency at an even, fixed exchange rate (in this case, 1000:1). (from Banknote)When Brazil changed currencies in 1989, the 1000, 5000, and 10,000
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Chinese round coins,Warring States Period, c. 300–220 BC. Four Hua (四化, 30mm, 6.94 g). Legend Yi Si Hua ([City of] Yi Four Hua). (from Coin)
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Gandharan "bent-bar" punch-marked coin minted under Achaemenid administration, of the type found in large quantities in the Chaman Hazouri and the Bhir Mound hoards. (from Coin)
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Hoard of mostlyMauryan Empire coins, 3rd century BC (from Coin)
- Song dynasty Jiaozi, the world's earliest paper money. (from
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AnLate Bronze Age metal ingots were given standard shapes, such as the shape of an "ox-hide", suggesting that they represented standardized values. (from Coin)
- Banknotes with a face value of ten in the
- Earliest banknote from China during the Song Dynasty which is known as "Jiaozi" (from
- Cowry shells being used as money by an Arab trader (from
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United States trade dollar (from Coin)1884
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Coin)Alexander the Great Tetradrachm from the Temnos Mint, c. 188–170 BC (from
- A $5 note issued by Citizens Bank of Louisiana in the 1850s. (from
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2000 Romanian lei polymer banknote (from Banknote)A
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5 euro note so badly damaged it has been torn in half. The note has later been repaired with tape. (from Banknote)A
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Five million mark coin (monetary value dropped to a tiny fraction of a US cent by the end of 1923, substantially less than the value of its metallic content. (from Coin)
- Collage for banknote design with annotations and additions to show proposed changes (figure rather higher so as to allow room for the No.), Bank of Manchester, UK, 1833. On display at the British Museum in London (from
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Indonesian rupiah, vary the sizes of their banknotes by denomination. This is done so that they may be told apart through touch alone. (from Banknote)Many currencies, such as the
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Athenian coin (c. 500/490–485 BC) discovered in theAncient India. This coin is the earliest known example of its type to be found so far east. (from Coin)
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Shredded and briquettedUS dollar notes from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (approx. 1000 pieces, 1 kg) (from Banknote)
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ThePondicherry. (from History of money)
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Federal Reserve Bank of New York (approx. 1000 pieces, 1 kg) (from Banknote)Shredded and briquetted US dollar notes from the
- Shredded and briquetted
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Shreds of unfitUS dollar notes with a typical size of less than 1.5 mm × 16 mm (from Banknote)
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stater of Aegina, 550–530 BC. Obv. Sea turtle with large pellets down centre. Rev. incuse square punch with eight sections. (from Coin)Silver
- A Yuan dynasty printing plate and banknote with Chinese words. (from
- Name of currency units by country, in Portuguese (from
- Song dynasty Jiaozi, the world's earliest paper money (from
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Kabul valley, 5th century BC. Coins of this type were also found in the Bhir Mound hoard. (from Coin)A siglos found in the
- Obverse and reverse of an old American $100 note (1928) (from
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Greekdrachm of Aegina. Obverse: Land turtle. Reverse: ΑΙΓ(INA) and dolphin (from History of money)
- The taka was widely used across South Asia during the sultanate period. (from
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Stockholms Banco in 1666. (from Banknote)The first paper money in Europe, issued by the
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The earliest inscribed coinage:Stag grazing right, ΦΑΝΕΩΣ (retrograde). Reverse: Two incuse punches, each with raised intersecting lines. (from Coin)
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American Silver Eagle minted in 2019 (left), an example of a Bullion coin. Its obverse design is based on the older, formerly circulating silver Walking Liberty half dollar (right). (from Coin)An
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Coin)Posthumous Alexander the Great tetradrachm from Temnos, Aeolis. Dated 188–170 BC. Obverse: Alexander the Great as Herakles facing right wearing the nemean lionskin. Reverse: Zeus seated on throne to the left holding eagle in right hand and scepter in left; in left field PA monogram and angular sigma above grape vine arching over oinochoe; ALEXANDROU vertical in right field. Reference: Price 1678. (from
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Piloncitos are tiny engraved gold coins found in the Philippines, along with barter rings, which are gold ring-like ingots. These barter rings are bigger than softballs in size and are made of pure gold from the Archaic period (c. 10th to 16th century). (from Coin)The
- Coin of
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Coin)Punch-marked coin minted in the Kabul Valley under Achaemenid administration, c. 500–380 BC, or c. 350 BC. (from
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Coin)Bimetallic Egyptian one pound coin featuring King Tutankhamen (from
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Fifty-five-dollar bill inContinental currency; leaf design by Benjamin Franklin, 1779 (from Banknote)
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Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World) (from Coin)Holographic coin from Liberia features the
- Fed Shreds as souvenir from the
Numismatic terminology
- Bullion – Precious metals (platinum, gold and silver) in the form of bars, ingots or plate.
- Error – Usually a mis-made coin not intended for circulation, but can also refer to an engraving or die-cutting error not discovered until the coins are released to circulation. This may result is two or more varieties of the coin in the same year.
- Exonumia – The study of coin-like objects such as token coins and medals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration.
- Fineness – Purity of precious metal content expressed in terms of one thousand parts. 90% is expressed as .900 fine.
- banknotes.
- Scripophily – The study and collection of stocks and Bonds.
More terminology
WikiProjects
Numismatic topics
Terminology
Ancient currency:
Indian coinage
Modern currency: Africa - The Americas - Asia and the Pacific - Europe - Bullion coins - Challenge coin - Commemorative coins - Token coins
Economics:
Monetary union - Reserve currency - Stocks
Production:
List articles
Subcategories
Select [►] to view subcategories
Most traded currencies
Rank | Currency | ISO 4217 code |
Symbol or abbreviation |
Proportion of daily volume | Change (2019–2022) | |
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April 2019 | April 2022 | |||||
1 | U.S. dollar | USD | US$ | 88.3% | 88.5% | 0.2pp |
2 | Euro | EUR | € | 32.3% | 30.5% | 1.8pp |
3 | Japanese yen | JPY | ¥ / 円 | 16.8% | 16.7% | 0.1pp |
4 | Sterling | GBP | £ | 12.8% | 12.9% | 0.1pp |
5 | Renminbi | CNY | ¥ / 元 | 4.3% | 7.0% | 2.7pp |
6 | Australian dollar | AUD | A$ | 6.8% | 6.4% | 0.4pp |
7 | Canadian dollar | CAD | C$ | 5.0% | 6.2% | 1.2pp |
8 | Swiss franc | CHF | CHF | 4.9% | 5.2% | 0.3pp |
9 | Hong Kong dollar | HKD | HK$ | 3.5% | 2.6% | 0.9pp |
10 | Singapore dollar | SGD | S$ | 1.8% | 2.4% | 0.6pp |
11 | Swedish krona | SEK | kr | 2.0% | 2.2% | 0.2pp |
12 | South Korean won | KRW | ₩ / 원 | 2.0% | 1.9% | 0.1pp |
13 | Norwegian krone | NOK | kr | 1.8% | 1.7% | 0.1pp |
14 | New Zealand dollar | NZD | NZ$ | 2.1% | 1.7% | 0.4pp |
15 | Indian rupee | INR | ₹ | 1.7% | 1.6% | 0.1pp |
16 | Mexican peso | MXN | MX$ | 1.7% | 1.5% | 0.2pp |
17 | New Taiwan dollar | TWD | NT$ | 0.9% | 1.1% | 0.2pp |
18 | South African rand | ZAR | R | 1.1% | 1.0% | 0.1pp |
19 | Brazilian real | BRL | R$ | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.2pp |
20 | Danish krone | DKK | kr | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.1pp |
21 | Polish złoty | PLN | zł | 0.6% | 0.7% | 0.1pp |
22 | Thai baht | THB | ฿ | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.1pp |
23 | Israeli new shekel | ILS | ₪ | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.1pp |
24 | Indonesian rupiah | IDR | Rp | 0.4% | 0.4% | |
25 | Czech koruna | CZK | Kč | 0.4% | 0.4% | |
26 | UAE dirham | AED | د.إ | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0.2pp |
27 | Turkish lira | TRY | ₺ | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.7pp |
28 | Hungarian forint | HUF | Ft | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.1pp |
29 | Chilean peso | CLP | CLP$ | 0.3% | 0.3% | |
30 | Saudi riyal | SAR | ﷼ | 0.2% | 0.2% | |
31 | Philippine peso | PHP | ₱ | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.1pp |
32 | Malaysian ringgit | MYR | RM | 0.2% | 0.2% | |
33 | Colombian peso | COP | COL$ | 0.2% | 0.2% | |
34 | Russian ruble | RUB | ₽ | 1.1% | 0.2% | 0.9pp |
35 | Romanian leu | RON | L | 0.1% | 0.1% | |
36 | Peruvian sol | PEN | S/ | 0.1% | 0.1% | |
37 | Bahraini dinar | BHD | .د.ب | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
38 | Bulgarian lev | BGN | BGN | 0.0% | 0.0% | |
39 | Argentine peso | ARS | ARG$ | 0.1% | 0.0% | 0.1pp |
… | Other | 1.8% | 2.3% | 0.5pp | ||
Total[a] | 200.0% | 200.0% |
Web resources
- NumisWiki
- International Association of Professional Numismatists
- American Numismatic Association
- American Numismatic Society
- British Numismatic Association
- American Vecturist Association
- Challenge Coin Association
- Numismatic Museum of Athens, Greece
- The Perth Mint Australia
- Central Mint of China
- Royal Mint
- The French Mint
- United States Mint
- Bank of Russia
- Royal Canadian Mint
- Exact Change numismatic software
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Sources
- ^ "Triennial Central Bank Survey Foreign exchange turnover in April 2022" (PDF). Bank for International Settlements. 27 October 2022. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
- ^ The total sum is 200% because each currency trade is counted twice: once for the currency being bought and once for the one being sold. The percentages above represent the proportion of all trades involving a given currency, regardless of which side of the transaction it is on. For example, the US dollar is bought or sold in 88% of all currency trades, while the euro is bought or sold in 31% of all trades.
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