Portal:Telephones
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In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice at a second device. This instrument was further developed by many others, and became rapidly indispensable in business, government, and in households. (Full article...)
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Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks. The term phreak is a sensational spelling of the word freak with the ph- from phone, and may also refer to the use of various audio frequencies to manipulate a phone system. Phreak, phreaker, or phone phreak are names used for and by individuals who participate in phreaking.
The term first referred to groups who had reverse engineered the system of tones used to route long-distance calls. By re-creating these tones, phreaks could switch calls from the phone handset, allowing free calls to be made around the world. To ease the creation of these tones, electronic tone generators known as blue boxes became a staple of the phreaker community. This community included future Apple Inc. cofounders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
The blue box era came to an end with the ever-increasing use of computerized phone systems which allowed telecommunication companies to discontinue the use of in-band signaling for call routing purposes. Instead, dialing information was sent on a separate channel which was inaccessible to the telecom customer. By the 1980s, most of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) in the US and Western Europe had adopted the SS7 system which uses out-of-band signaling for call control (and which is still in use to this day). Phreaking has since become closely linked with computer hacking. (Full article...)Types of phones -
The iPhone is a line of smartphones produced by Apple Inc. that use Apple's own iOS mobile operating system. The first-generation iPhone was announced by then–Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007. Since then, Apple has annually released new iPhone models and iOS updates. As of November 1, 2018, more than 2.2 billion iPhones had been sold.
The iPhone was the first mobile phone to use
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List articles
- Comparison of smartphones
- List of best-selling mobile phones
- List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions
- List of countries by number of telephone lines in use
- List of countries by smartphone penetration
- List of country calling codes
- List of iPhone models
- List of mobile network operators
- List of mobile phone brands by country
- List of mobile phone generations
- List of telephone operating companies
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- Smartphone with infrared transmitter on top for use as remote control (from
- Scrapped mobile phones (from
- Antonio Meucci, 1854, constructed telephone-like devices. (from
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Nokia 9 PureView. It features a five-lens camera array with Zeiss optics, using a mixture of color and monochrome sensors. (from Smartphone)The back of a
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Philipp Reis, 1861, constructed the first telephone, today called the Reis telephone. (from History of the telephone)
- A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once (from
- Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1-f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference (from
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Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone using a water microphone in Highland Park, Illinois. (from History of the telephone)
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Thomas Edison invented the carbon microphone which produced a strong telephone signal. (from History of the telephone)
- A smartphone touchscreen (from
- A German
- Antonio Meucci's telephone. (from
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Alexander Graham Bell in a 1932 silent film. Shows Bell's second telephone transmitter (microphone), invented 1876 and first displayed at the Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia. (from History of the telephone)Actor portraying
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Librem 5 smartphone can be used as a basic desktop computer (from Smartphone)Mobile/desktop convergence: the
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Apple iPhone; following its introduction the common smartphone form factor shifted to large touchscreen software interfaces without physical keypads (from Smartphone)The original
- Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992 (from
- The back of a
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HTC Legend, 2010. (from Smartphone)Optical track pad sensor of an
- Old Receiver schematic, c.1906 (from
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SIM card (from Mobile phone)Typical mobile phone mini-
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Martin Cooper of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973. (from Mobile phone)
- Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated. (from
- The Nokia 9110 Communicator, opened for access to keyboard (from
- Top of cellular telephone tower (from
- 1917 wall telephone, open to show magneto and local battery (from
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BlackBerry smartphones, which were highly popular in the mid-late 2000s (from Smartphone)Several
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Moto G7 Power; its display uses a tall aspect ratio and includes a "notch". (from Smartphone)A
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Sweden) (from History of the telephone)1896 Telephone (
- Inserted memory and SIM cards (from
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Bell prototype telephone stamp(from History of the telephone)
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ASamsung Galaxy S20 Plus, featuring a "hole-punch" camera (from Smartphone)
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English Wikipedia (from Smartphone)A smartphone displaying the homepage of the
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A FrenchGower telephone of 1912 at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris (from History of the telephone)
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tin can or "lovers' telephone" (from History of the telephone)A 19th century acoustic
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Bellaire Boulevard in Southside Place, Texas (Greater Houston) states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 am to 9:00 am and from 2:00 pm to 4:15 pm. (from Smartphone)A sign along
- Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. (from
- A user consulting a mapping app on a phone (from
- Modern Apple iPhone. This phone is considered a smartphone (from
- Android smartphones (from
- Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (from
- This layout of the camera viewfinder was first introduced by Apple with iOS 7 in 2013. Towards the late 2010s, several other smartphone vendors have ditched their layouts and implemented variations of this layout. (from
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New York City driver holding two phones (from Smartphone)A
- A high-capacity portable
- A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm) (from
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IBM Simon and charging base (1994) (from Smartphone)
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Personal Handy-phone System mobiles and modems, 1997–2003 (from Mobile phone)
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Motorola DynaTAC 8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone. (from Mobile phone)The
- The master telephone patent granted to Bell, 174465, March 10, 1876 (from
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Tooltip in Kiwi Browser, atab list using the stylus on a Samsung Galaxy Note 4. (from Smartphone)
- Private conversation, 1910 (from
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LG Prada with a large capacitive touchscreen introduced in 2006 (from Smartphone)The
- People using phones while walking (from
- Mobile payment system (from
- Historical marker commemorating the first telephone central office in New York State (1878) (from
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TouchWiz user interface as of 2013, accessed by holding the power button for a second (from Smartphone)"Device options" menu of Samsung Mobile's
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AFlyme OS (from Smartphone)
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Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992iPhone 6 Plus (from Mobile phone)
- Mobile payment system. (from
- A text message (SMS) (from
- The
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red telephone box model, photographed in London in 2012An example of a K6, the most common
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Acordless phone
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magneto generatorWooden wall telephone with a hand-cranked
- Track-side emergency brake and
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Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
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An Italianphone booths
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Bell Canada payphone with digital displayA
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Android smartphones
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police box outside Earl's Court tube station in London, built in 1996 and based on the 1929 Gilbert Mackenzie Trench designA
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Public telephone, Bucharest, Romania
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Historical telephone with the German imperial eagle and the heraldic shield of the House of Hohenzollern dynasty; Vollmer's Mill, Seebach, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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A Funke + Huster telephone inside the Idrija Mine, Slovenia
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Landline call blocking in use
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Telephone booth box art outside the Tower of London, 2012
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AUTOVON was a worldwide American military telephone system that was built starting in 1963.The
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Acoustic telephone ad, The Consolidated Telephone Co., Jersey City, New Jersey, 1886
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Emergency telephones, on the Paris-Bordeaux railway line, Saint-Saviol station, Vienne, France
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A Northern Electric telephone, model number N415H, circa 1950 (probably)
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Rotary dial telephoneAutomatic electric
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Prairie Grove Airlight Outdoor Telephone Booth in Prairie Grove, Arkansas, which is listed on the National Register of Historic PlacesPhotograph of the interior of the
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Acandlestick phonefrom the 1920s
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telephone booth in Skansen, StockholmA historic
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Rotary dial telephone, probably from Belgium; the circuit diagram inside is in Dutch and French
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Mailbox and public telephone in Haßfurt, Germany
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rotary phone dial. The associative lettering was originally used for dialing named exchanges but was kept because it facilitated memorization of telephone numbers.A traditional North American
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