History of Burma (1948–1962)
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Union of Burma ပြည်ထောင်စု မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် (Burmese) Pranyhtaungcu. Mranma Nuingngamtau | |||||||||
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| 1948–1962 | |||||||||
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| Motto: သမဂ္ဂါနံ တပေါ သုခေါ ( President | | ||||||||
• 1948–1952 (first) | Sao Shwe Thaik | ||||||||
• 1957–1962 (last) | Win Maung | ||||||||
| Prime minister | |||||||||
• 1948–1956 (first) | U Nu | ||||||||
• 1960–1962 (last) | U Nu | ||||||||
| Legislature | Union Parliament | ||||||||
| Chamber of Nationalities | |||||||||
| Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 10 December 1947 | |||||||||
• Established | 4 January 1948 | ||||||||
| 2 March 1962 | |||||||||
| Currency | Burmese kyat | ||||||||
| Driving side | left | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | MM | ||||||||
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| Today part of | Myanmar | ||||||||
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| History of Myanmar |
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 Myanmar portal |
The first fourteen years of independent Burma (Myanmar) were marred by several communist and ethnic insurgencies. Prominent insurgent groups during this period include the Communist Party of Burma (CPB, "white flags") led by Thakin Than Tun, the Communist Party (Burma) ("red flags") led by Thakin Soe, the People's Volunteer Organisation (Yèbaw Hpyu) led by Bo La Yaung (a member of the Thirty Comrades), the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut (all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades), and the Karen National Union (KNU).[3][page needed]
History
Remote areas of northern Burma were for many years controlled by
By 1958, the country was largely beginning to recover economically, but was beginning to fall apart politically due to a split in the
Army hardliners now saw the 'threat' of the CPB coming to an agreement with U Nu through the NUF, and in the end U Nu "invited" Army Chief of Staff General Ne Win to take over the country.[3][page needed] Over 400 "communist sympathisers" were arrested, of which 153 were deported to the Coco Islands in the Andaman Sea. Among them was the NUF leader Aung Than, older brother of Aung San. The Botataung, Kyemon and Rangoon Daily were also closed down.[3][page needed]
Ne Win's
Ne Win had already succeeded in stripping the Shan
Notes
- ^ The 1947 Constitution of the Union of Burma states: "The official language of the Union shall be Burmese, provided that the use of the English language may be permitted."
References
Citations
- ^ "၁၉၆၁ခုနှစ် ဖွဲ့စည်းအုပ်ချုပ်ပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ (တတိယပြင်ဆင်ချက်) အက်ဥပဒေ" [1961 Act of the Third Amendment of the Constitution]. Act of 26 August 1961 (in Burmese). Union Parliament.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "၁၉၆၁ ခုနှစ်၊ နိုင်ငံတော်ဘာသာသာသနာချီးမြှောက်ထောက်ပံ့ရေးအက်ဥပဒေ" [1961 year, State Religion Promotion Act]. Constitutional Tribunal of the Union, Law Library. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
တည်ဆဲဥပဒေဖြစ်ပါသည်
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Smith 1991.
- ^ "Myanmar Since Independence". Britannica. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Yoshihiro 2003, p. 330.
Sources
- Smith, Martin (1991). Burma: Insurgency and the politics of ethnicity (1st ed.). London and New Jersey: Zed Books. ISBN 0862328683.
- Yoshihiro, Nakanishi (2003). "Party-State Manqué: Ne Win and the Burma Socialist Programme Party". Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies (in Japanese). 41 (3): 330–360. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
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