Postage stamps and postal history of Israel

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The first stamps of Israel
A block of four of the 1948 3 mils value from the first series of Israeli stamps.

The postage stamps and postal history of Israel is a survey of the postage stamps issued by the state of Israel, and its postal history, since independence was proclaimed on May 14, 1948. The first postage stamps were issued two days later on May 16, 1948.[1] Pre-1948 postal history is discussed in postage stamps and postal history of Palestine.

Historical context

The postal history of Israel builds upon the centuries-long development of

postal services in Palestine. During the rule of the Mamluks, mounted mail service was operated in Deir al-Balah, Lydda and other towns on the Cairo to Damascus route.[2] During the Ottoman period, postal services relied upon Turkey's stamps. Foreign consulates set up the early post offices.[3] During World War I, the British Egyptian Expeditionary Force
occupied Palestine and demarcated stamps as "E.E.F." in 1918.

During the British Mandate, postage stamps and services were provided by British authorities. At first using temporary stamps issued in February 1918 by the British Expeditionary Forces in Palestine, and in February 1920 issuing permanent stamps bearing the imprint: "Palestine Eretz Israel." From 1933 to 1948, mandate services included airmail stamps[4] and, as an innovation, air letter cards.

In April 1948, the British discontinued all postal services, and post offices and operations were, in part, turned over to the Israeli government.[5] In May 1948, as the British withdrew and postal services broke down, the provisional government issued overprints on Jewish National Fund stamps and ad hoc postage was created in Nahariya and Safed.

Postal history

Imprinted stamp for 6 ag. on a postal card from 1963, showing the old logo (1949-2006) of Israel Post

Stamps have been issued by

letterpress, perforated or as a rouletted variation, and with Israel's emblematic "tabs" with marginalia about the stamp. Stamp booklets were issued for the 5, 10, 15 and 20 mil stamps.[8] The Doar Ivri stamps were designed by Otte Wallish using ancient coins from the First Jewish–Roman War and later Bar Kokhba revolt
(as pictured at top of article).

Israeli stamps are trilingual, in Arabic, English and Hebrew, following the practice of the British Mandate of Palestine (as required by the League of Nations). Israel Post first issued postage due stamps, tête-bêche and gutter pairs in 1948, airmail stamps in 1950, service stamps, for government offices, in 1951 and provisional stamps in 1960.[9] The tabs have gone through three unofficial phases. From 1948 to 1954, the tabs were written in Hebrew (with four exceptions: the Maccabia, Israel Bonds, Zionist Congress and Z.O.A. stamps). From 1954 until 1967, the inscriptions were usually in Hebrew and French. Since 1967, the tabs are typically Hebrew and English. Rarely, a tab is matched with the wrong stamp, as with two mix-ups on some Doar Ivri stamps.[10]

From the outset, Israel created its own commemorative

first day covers. For instance, on July 5, 1967, a first day cover featuring Moshe Dayan was issued from the new post office in Jerusalem, soon after the Six-Day War.[13]

Israel has 64 post offices in 1950, expanding to 114 by 1960 and, after the Six-Day War, to 178 branches by 1970.

Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza.[15]

Due to hyperinflation, in 1982 and 1984 Israel issued non-denominated stamps with an olive branch design. These stamps were said to be dreary yet convenient, insofar as they avoided the need for both the government and the customers to constantly update their postage.[16]

During the 1990s, Israel experimented with

Express Mail Service in cooperation with 143 other postal authorities.[18]

The Israel Defense Forces provide mail services for the military. During the 1973 Yom Kippur War, for example, the IDF postal agency issued a series of postcards with cartoons to boost morale. Postcards show an Israeli cartoon character looming over Damascus, hail and fire raining down on Egyptian pyramids (quoting Exodus 9:24), and "Judgment Day, pictured here."[19]

Postage stamps

In its early years, Israel issued stamps picturing the

Edmond de Rothschild, Albert Einstein, Sholem Aleichem, Hayim Nahman Bialik and Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. The first woman honored was Henrietta Szold (1960), the first rabbi was the Baal Shem Tov (1961), and the first non-Jew was Eleanor Roosevelt
(1964).

In 1998, Israel was the first country to honor

Gambia, Grenada, Guinea, Japan, Liberia, Lithuania, and Sierra Leone.[21] Stamps were issued in memory of two Arab leaders, King Hassan II of Morocco and King Hussein of Jordan
, in 2000.

Researchers at

Rachel Yanait Ben Zvi, Rivka Guber, Rene Levy, Zivia Lubetkin, Sarah Aaronsohn, and an unnamed member of the Jewish Brigade.[22]

Israeli stamps cover general themes, including philately itself, such as the 1954 stamp exhibition in Jerusalem, as well as themes emblematic of the state, such as Judaism and Jewish history. For instance, in its first 40 years, nearly 10% of Israeli stamps included archeological motifs, for intellectual and ideological reasons.[23]

The country produced a total of 110 new issues in the 1960s, 151 in the 1970s, 162 in the 1980s and 216 in the 1990s.

Incense Route), and Mekorot
(the national water system).

Joint issues

Since its 1993 stamp for the 50th anniversary of

postal authorities and in 1996, a joint Hanukkah stamp was issued with the United States, in miniature sheet format. This was Israel's first self-adhesive stamp
.

On January 27, 2008, a joint issue with the United Nations debuted for International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Stamps were also issued jointly with Germany (in 2005) to honor their diplomatic relations, Austria and Hungary (2004, honoring Theodor Herzl), Italy (2004, honoring the Great Synagogue of Rome), Georgia (in 2001, honoring Shota Rustaveli), and Hungary (in 2001, honoring the Dohány Synagogue of Budapest).[26]

Withdrawals

Israel Post has been forced on a number of occasions to withdraw certain stamps which caused concern in religious circles. In November 2006 a stamp bearing the Divine Name was taken out of circulation over fear that it may be treated with disrespect. Similar action was taken over a series that depicted passages from the Talmud.[27]

Relations with Palestinian postal services

Starting in 1994-1995, Israel shifted away from providing postal services for territories that, under the Oslo Accords, were to come under the auspices of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The PNA established post offices throughout the PNA, developed its own unique postmarks[28] and issued stamps. The PNA's Ministry of Telecom & Information Technology issued a critical report on postal services in areas under Israeli control.[29]

Israeli stamp collecting

The Israel Philatelic Federation lists 12 stamp clubs,[30] and 11 philatelic businesses in Israel.[31] The country has stamp fairs (using its own cancellation), annual souvenir sheets, postage exhibitions, philatelic journals, and catalogs (pictured). In 1998, the Israel Post established the Postal and Philatelic Museum in Tel Aviv.[3][32] Tel Aviv was selected to host the 2008 World Stamp Championship under the auspices of the Fédération Internationale de Philatélie, the international organization for philately.

Collecting stamps of broadly Jewish interest, forming topical Judaica collections, is a hobby of philatelists everywhere. While the sources listed in the previous paragraph catalogue Israeli stamps, there is no central catalogue of topical Judaica stamps. There is, however, the Judaica Topical Association and Judaica Topical News.

Emory University in Atlanta (GA, USA) created an ongoing database for both Israeli and topical Judaica stamps rooted in, but not limited to, its own Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica.[33] The database, composed of downloadable “stampcharts” and articles of philatelic interest,[34] is available to the public and Emory University welcomes comments

Owing to sales to collectors, including those in the Jewish diaspora, philatelic items has been a considerable revenue stream for Israel's government[35] and the Israeli post office is a client of the Inter-Governmental Philatelic Corporation.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Rossiter, Stuart; John Flower; Raife Wellsted. "Stamp Atlas: Israel". Sandafayre on-line. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  2. ^ Shahin (2005), pp. 421–423
  3. ^ a b Ashkenazy, Daniella (1999-02-25). "New Postal and Philatelic Museum: Not Just for Stamp Collectors". Israel Magazine-On-Web. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-02-06.
  4. ^ Bard, Dr. Leslie (October 2006). "Commercial Air Mail Rates from Palestine to the Americas, 3 Aug 1933-30 Apr 1948". The Israel Philatelist. 57 (5): 168–169.
  5. ^ "Jewish Stamps and Israeli Stamps". Jewish Stamps. Aharon's Jewish Books and Judaica. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
  6. ^ "Israeli Stamps and Philatelic Resources". Historama. Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  7. ^ "First Stamps (1948)". Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. 2002. Archived from the original on March 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  8. ^ Stamp production was secretive due to the difficult political and military conditions of the period. "Coins Doar Ivri 1948". [Israel] Stamps catalog. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved 2008-02-07. See also: "Doar Ivri 1948". [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved 2008-02-07. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help) and "Doar Ivri (Jerusalem 73 miniature sheets)". [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved 2008-02-07. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help), which states: "...evidence has been preserved of the circumstances surrounding the preparation and printing of Israel's first stamps in 1948 - the haste and secrecy connected with the preparation of the designs by the artist Otte Wallish; the color trials of the eight stamps produced on the Haaretz newspaper press in Tel Aviv; the collecting of a sufficient stock of paper obtained from all manner of unconventional sources, the setting-up of the printing press in the Kirya (government office center) and the conspiratorial beginnings of the printing of the stamps even before the termination of the British Mandate." Some 10 and 15 mil stamps were printed missing a line of the tab inscription.
  9. ^ Information drawn from the IPF catalog. The 1948 postage dues were denominated 3, 5, 10, 20, and 50 m. with the 1948 Doar Ivri design.
  10. ^ Stadtler, Oscar. "The Tabs of Israel". [IPF] Articles. Israel Philatelic Federation. Archived from the original on 2007-10-06. Retrieved 2008-02-14. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  11. ^ Israel Philatelic Federation cancels list
  12. ^ Livni, Israel (1969). Livni's Encyclopedia of Israel Stamps. Tel-Aviv: Sifriyat Ma'ariv. pp. 197ff.
  13. ^ "Post Office Openings". Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. 2002. Archived from the original on March 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  14. ^ Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971.
  15. ^ Goldwasser, Marcy (1990-08-10). "Have Stamps, Will Travel". The Jerusalem Post. pp. IX:846.
  16. ^ Siegel, Judy (1989-10-16). "Postal Authority To Push Its 'Post-Inflation' Stamps". The Jerusalem Post. The date and design information is drawn from the IPF catalog.
  17. ^ Chelouche, Tari (2003-09-14). "Introduction & Klussendorf Stamps Overview". Israel Klussendorf Stamps Report & On-Line Catalogue. Retrieved 2008-01-07.[dead link]
  18. Express Mail Service. Archived from the original
    on 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  19. ^ "Yom Kippur War postcards". Sol Singer Collection of Philatelic Judaica. Emory's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library. Archived from the original on March 14, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  20. ^ According to the IPF catalog, the 1948 festival stamps are inscribed in Hebrew: "Joyous festivals" and, on the tab, "Flying Scroll - To the King - seal stamped on the wine and oil jugs given as tax to the king." Designed by Otte Wallish and printed by photolithography, they were printed in horizontal-tête-bêche and gutter pairs, vertical gutter pairs, and in sheets with tabs. The "flying scroll" was a short-lived interpretation of the ancient image; when better specimens were excavated, it became clear that the design represented a winged light or sun, which was a common Near East motif.
  21. ^ Israel Philatelist: The Incredible Story of Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara. The Society of Israel Philatelists. April 2005. pp. 54–57. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-04-21. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  22. ^ Stewart, Levi; David R. Blumenthal (2007-06-01). "Women in Israeli and Topical Judaica Philately". David R. Blumenthal: Jay and Leslie Cohen Professor of Judaic Studies. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  23. ISBN 1-85075-650-3
    .
  24. ^ Israel Philatelic Federation catalog
  25. ISSN 0003-0473
    .
  26. ^ "New Philatelic Issues: 2000-2008". Israel Post. Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  27. ^ "More stamps withdrawn". Jewish Tribune, London. 2006-11-02. p. 8.
  28. ^ Zywietz, Tobias (2007-09-28). "PNA Post Offices and Postmarks". A Short Introduction To The Philately Of Palestine. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  29. ^ Zywietz, Tobias (2007-09-28). "The Postal Situation (1994--)". A Short Introduction To The Philately Of Palestine. Retrieved 2008-02-07.
  30. ^ "Philatelic societies and groups". Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
  31. ^ "Stamp dealers, auctions and expert". Israel Philatelic Federation. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
  32. ^ "The Postal and Philatelic Museum". Philatelic Services. Israel Post. Archived from the original on 2012-04-22. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  33. ^ "Finding Aids | Emory MARBL". 2011-02-01. Archived from the original on 2011-02-01. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
  34. ^ "Israeli and Topical Judaica Philately". www.js.emory.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-10.
  35. ^ Encyclopedia Judaica. 1971. pp. IX:845 and XV:335.

Sources

Further reading

  • Agudah le-toldot ha-doʼar shel Erets-Yiśraʼel. "Holy Land Postal History." (1979).
  • Aron, Joseph. Forerunners to the forerunners: a pre-philatelic postal history of the Holy Land. Jerusalem: Society of the Postal History of
    Eretz Israel
    , 1988.
  • Forsher, Bruno J. and Society of Israel Philatelists. The Interim Period Postage Stamps of Israel, March to July 1948: a Handbook. New York: Society of Israel Philatelists, 1969.
  • Jewish National Fund. Youth and Education Dept. Catalogue of Jewish National Fund Stamps. Jerusalem: 1966.
  • Leibu, E. and Zvi Shimʻoni. The Postal History of the Transition Period in Israel, 1948. Jerusalem: Society of the Postal History of Eretz-Israel, 1991.
  • Levison, Milton E. and Society of Israel Philatelists. Educational Fund. The Plate Blocks and Tabs of the Doar Ivri Issue. Cleveland: Society of Israel Philatelists, Educational Fund, 1976.
  • Loebl, W. Y. Postal Mechanisation in the Holy Land, 1925-1981. British Association of Palestine-Israel Philatelists. Vol. 1982. Rickmansworth, Herts.: British Association of Palestine-Israel Philatelists, 1982.
  • Morginstin, Sid. The Postal Stationery of Israel. Beachwood, Ohio: Educational Fund of the Society of Israel Philatelists, 1998.
  • Persoff, Meir. The Running Stag : The Stamps and Postal History of Israel. London: R. Lowe, 1973.
  • Ribalow, Harold Uriel. The History of Israel's Postage Stamps. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1956.
  • Siegel, Marvin and World Philatelic Congress of Israel, Holy Land, and Judaica Societies. 20th Anniversary Publication. Downsview, Ont., Canada: World Philatelic Congress of Israel Holy Land & Judaica Societies, 1986.
  • Sondak, M. Jerusalem Postal Services during the Siege of 1948 : Compilation of Articles and Manuscripts. Jerusalem, Israel: Society of the Postal History of Eretz Israel, 1987.
  • Stadtler, Bea. A History of Israel through Her Postage Stamps. New York: Society of Israel Philatelists Educational Fund, 1993.
  • Tsaḥor, Yaʻaḳov. Israel Postage Stamps, 1948-1988. Catalogue. Vol. 11. Carta Jerusalem: Israel Postal Authority/Philatelic Service, 1989.
  • Wozniak, Maurice D. and Marios Theodossiou. Krause-Minkus Standard Catalog of Israel Stamps : Listings 1948-1999. Global Stamp Series. 2001st ed. Iola, WI: Krause Publications, 2000.

External links


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