Postage stamps and postal history of New South Wales
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This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of New South Wales, a former British colony now part of Australia.
Pre-stamp era
The postmaster of the time, James Raymond, was in communication with
First stamps
In 1842 regular mail service was carried by steamer between Melbourne and Sydney, and the first mail packet from Britain arrived in 1844. An act of 1848 reformed the postal system and authorised the use of stamps; the first stamps appeared on 1 January 1850. They were locally produced, and depicted a scene of Sydney and its harbour, thus becoming known as the "Sydney Views". The 1d, 2d, and 3d stamps were separately engraved, and then re-engraved and retouched over the next year, yielding dozens of varieties.
In 1851 the colony switched to a more conventional design, a profile of
In 1854 the colony issued 6d and 1
respectively. The designs were reused for 5d and 8d in 1855.In 1856 a Perkins Bacon design was also adopted for the lower values as well. The inking of all these was highly variable, and there are dozens of distinct colour varieties. The use of perforation began in 1860; unfortunately for collectors, the stamps were very closely spaced, the perforating process not well controlled, and it is unusual to find stamps from before 1899 where the perforation does not touch or cut into the design on one or more sides.
The first 5-shilling stamp was issued in 1861, and it was notable for being a round design resembling a medallion. In 1861, new designs were created by De La Rue and printed both in London and the colony.
In 1871 a watermark reading "NSW" surmounted by a crown began to replace the numerals, and in 1885 a need for high-values prompted the overprinting of 5/-, 10/-, and one-pound revenue stamps with "POSTAGE".
New South Wales celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1888 with an issue of what is widely considered to be the first
A 2½d stamp depicting an allegorical figure of Australia appeared in 1890, while ½d, 7½d, and 12½d values were produced in 1891 as surcharges on existing stamps.
In 1897 two early
The formation of the Commonwealth had no immediate effect on the NSW postal system. Although the new constitution granted the
In 1913 the stamps of New South Wales were superseded by those of Australia.[1]
Most of the stamps of New South Wales are readily available today, but it is somewhat complex to collect; there are a dozen types of watermarks, multiple perforations, and numerous colour shades. While the
Numeral cancellations
Numeral cancellations on New South Wales postage stamps are also of interest to collectors. Ninety-six post offices had already been opened when the first postage stamps were issued on 1 January 1850. Numeral obliterators were allocated to these post offices to cancel stamps on outgoing mail. Sydney itself had no number and used dumb obliterators. The first allotment of numbers was based on the pattern of roads radiating outward from Sydney.
Numerals and obliterators continued to be allocated to opening post offices up to the beginning of 1904 with 2099 (Toolijooa) probably the last number assigned. The patterns of allocation provide a way of tracking the history of settlement of the state, although made complex by re-allocations as post offices closed or jurisdiction was transferred, as happened when Queensland became a separate colony.
Larger post offices also impressed a date-stamp on covers with the name of the originating office. This means that covers or stamps torn from covers or pairs of stamps can be used to tie numbers to mailing offices where official records are missing. Even so, as many as 300 New South Wales numbers are still untied.
There can be many variations of numeral cancellations depending on the type of obliterator used. The first obliterators allocated had horizontal bars. These were followed by "ray" types. The colour of the ink used might also vary. The Sydney obliterators also exist in many variations.
Most collectors of numerical cancellations ignore the stamp itself, which may appear upside-down or sideways in albums or stock cards.
Postal stationery
New South Wales issued its own
See also
- Stamps and postal history of Australia
- Revenue stamps of New South Wales
References and sources
- References
- ^ "Australian States – New South Wales". StampWorldHistory.com. Archived from the original on 3 May 2018.
- ^ Higgins & Gage World Postal Stationery Catalog
- Sources
- Andrew Houison, History of the Post Office: together with an historical account of the issue of postage stamps in New South Wales, Sydney, Government Printer, 1890.[1]
- Stanley Gibbons Ltd: various catalogues
- The Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities
- Stuart Rossiter & John Flower: The Stamp Atlas
- Alan G. Brown & Hugh M. Campbell: New South Wales Numeral Cancellations, 2nd ed., 1977
- H.M. Campbell: Australian Numeral Cancellations: A Compendium, 1983
- Hugh M. Campbell: Queensland Postal History and Australian Numerical Cancellations. Supplements, 1997
Further reading
- Houison, Andrew. History of the Post Office, together with an historical account of the issue of postage stamps in New South Wales. Sydney: C. Potter, Government Printer, 1890.