Postsynaptic density
| Postsynaptic density | |
|---|---|
 Ultra-structural analysis of synapses in the brainstem of wild-type (WT)mice at embryonic day 18.5. Synapses of WT neurons in the pre-Bötzinger-complex area exhibit presynaptic vesicles (asterisks), a synaptic cleft and a distinct postsynaptic density (arrowheads). Scale bar, 250 nm. From Heupel et al., 2008 | |
| Details | |
| System | Nervous system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | densitas postsynaptica |
| MeSH | D057907 |
| TH | H2.00.06.2.00021 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy | |
The postsynaptic density (PSD) is a protein dense specialization attached to the
Structure
The structure and composition of the PSD have been the focus of numerous molecular studies of synaptic plasticity, a cellular model of learning and memory. PSDs are sized on the order of 250 to 500 nanometres in diameter and 25 to 50 nanometres in thickness, depending on the activity state of the synapse. During synaptic plasticity, the total size of the PSD is increasing along with an increase in synaptic size and strength after inducing long-term potentiation at single synapses.[2]
Composition
Many proteins in the PSD are involved in the regulation of synaptic function. These include
- postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95)[3]
- neuroligin (a cellular adhesion molecule)
- NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors
- calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- actin
As protein detection technologies have increased in sensitivity, such as with improvements in
Function
The PSD has been proposed to concentrate and organize neurotransmitter receptors in the synaptic cleft.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-370509-9, retrieved 2020-12-23
- ^
Meyer, D.; Bonhoeffer T.; Scheuss V. (2014). "Balance and Stability of Synaptic Structures during Synaptic Plasticity". Neuron. 82 (2): 430–443. PMID 24742464.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-823672-7, retrieved 2020-12-23
General review
- S2CID 41855275.
- Ziff EB (December 1997). "Enlightening the postsynaptic density". Neuron. 19 (6): 1163–74. S2CID 15844943.
- Kennedy MB (October 2000). "Signal-processing machines at the postsynaptic density". Science. 290 (5492): 750–4. PMID 11052931.
Structure and composition
- Banker G, Churchill L, Cotman CW (November 1974). "Proteins of the Postsynaptic Density". J. Cell Biol. 63 (2 Pt 1): 456–65. PMID 4419608.
- Cohen RS, Blomberg F, Berzins K, Siekevitz P (July 1977). "The structure of postsynaptic densities isolated from dog cerebral cortex: I. overall morphology and protein composition". J. Cell Biol. 74 (1): 181–203. PMID 194906.
- Blomberg F, Cohen RS, Siekevitz P (July 1977). "The structure of postsynaptic densities isolated from dog cerebral cortex: II. characterization and arrangement of some of the major proteins within the structure". J. Cell Biol. 74 (1): 204–25. PMID 406264.
- Walikonis RS, Jensen ON, Mann M, Provance DW, Mercer JA, Kennedy MB (June 2000). "Identification of proteins in the postsynaptic density fraction by mass spectrometry" (PDF). J. Neurosci. 20 (11): 4069–80. PMID 10818142.
- Peng J, Kim MJ, Cheng D, Duong DM, Gygi SP, Sheng M (May 2004). "Semiquantitative proteomic analysis of rat forebrain postsynaptic density fractions by mass spectrometry". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (20): 21003–11. PMID 15020595.
- Jordan BA, Fernholz BD, Boussac M, et al. (September 2004). "Identification and verification of novel rodent postsynaptic density proteins". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 3 (9): 857–71. PMID 15169875.
- Baron MK, Boeckers TM, Vaida B, et al. (January 2006). "An architectural framework that may lie at the core of the postsynaptic density". Science. 311 (5760): 531–5. S2CID 12937216.
- Collins MO, Husi H, Yu L, et al. (April 2006). "Molecular characterization and comparison of the components and multiprotein complexes in the postsynaptic proteome". J. Neurochem. 97 (Suppl 1): 16–23. S2CID 40233817.
- Alié Alexandre; Manuel Michaël (February 2010). "The backbone of the post-synaptic density originated in a unicellular ancestor of choanoflagellates and metazoans". BMC Evol. Biol. 10 (1): 34. PMID 20128896.