Posušje

Coordinates: 43°28′19.17″N 17°19′46.79″E / 43.4719917°N 17.3296639°E / 43.4719917; 17.3296639
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Posušje
Посушје
municipality
Panoramic view of Posušje
Panoramic view of Posušje
UTC+2 (CEST)
Post code
88240
Area code+387 039
Websitewww.opcina-posusje.ba

Posušje (Cyrillic: Посушје, pronounced [pɔ̌suːʃjɛ]) is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the West Herzegovina Canton, a federal unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Name

The name Posušje is derived from suša[1] (Croatian for drought). The area of Posušje was historically a dry area with water-supply problems. The problem was solved by building an artificial lake in Tribistovo in 1989.[2]

Demographics

Municipality

Ethnic Composition
Year Croats  % Serbs  %
Muslims/Bosniaks
  % Yugoslavs  % Others  % Total
1971 16,778 99.38% 58 0.34% 15 0.08% 8 0.04% 23 0.13% 16,882
1981 16,298 99.04% 34 0.20% 15 0.09% 71 0.43% 37 0.22% 16,455
1991 16,963 99.00% 9 0.05% 6 0.03% 26 0.15% 130 0.75% 17,134
2013 20,424 99.7% 5 0.0% 2 0.0% 46 0.2 20,477

Town

According to the 2013 census, the population of Posušje town was 6,267.[3]

Position

Posušje is 29 km[4] from Široki Brijeg, 54 km[5] from Mostar, 10 km[6] from Imotski and 71 km[7] from Makarska.

Altitude

View of Blidinje
View of Masna Luka
A spring in Masna Luka

Posušje field is located at an altitude of about 610 m, Vir field at about 520 m, Rakitno at about 900 m, Pločno (peak of

Blidinje
1050 meters and more.

History

There has been settlement in the area since pre-Slavic times when the Illyrians inhabited the region.

Prehistoric period

Stone Age

From the older (Paleolithic) and middle (Mesolithic) periods of Stone Age, the period of primitive man hunter and wild berries collector, in the area of Posušje municipality were not found traces of human beings.

In the early period (Neolithic) stone age in southern Europe the way of human life significantly changed became a farmer and cattleman, built a permanent settlement, and was making ceramics. From this period, from his older sub-period, in the municipality Posušje, there are remains a human beings from sites Vučje Njive (Wolves fields), Iličinova Lazina, Prataruša and Žukovia cave in Vir. In the younger Neolithic in this region has dominated Hvar-lisičić culture. Its remainings in the area of the municipality Posušje were found in localities: Brig next Bagaruša, Mostina (Batin), Sridnji Brig (Gradac), Central (Gradac and Vrijovički brig (Gradac). In Copper age (2400–1800 BC ), there was prevailing "stringy ceramics" so-Herzegovina, belonging to such sites: Nečajno and Trostruka gradina (triple fort) between Posušje and Grude.

Copper Age

Dissolution of the Neolithic groups and the beginning of the new groups, the metal age in this region is, caused primarily by great migration of Indo-Europeans that took place in the last centuries of 3rd and beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. This great migration, like the other before and later, also happened in steps, and her third and last step, completed the occupation of the area between the Sava and the Adriatic Sea. From then on the immigrant culture and indigenous people mix, new types of settlements, ruins, and very closed communities are being created. As a typical example of such a Bronze Age culture, is set aside, in this region, the dominant "Cetina culture" mostly in central Dalmatia, and in some segments quite similar to her "Posušje culture", mainly by widespread Herzegovina, central and northern part of Dalmatia.

Iron Age

Octavian Augustus. Roman impression by Dalmatae caused them later to name the whole province, much higher than territory of Dalmatae
, after them (Dalmatia).

From the Iron Age in the Posušje municipality area there is a huge number of ruins, the typical settlement of Dalmatae and over today Posušje and Vir field is considered to be an important trade route went from the commercial port Narona (Vid near Metković) to the town of Delminium (today Tomislavgrad in Duvno field), the main center of Illyric tribes. The money, "drachma Dyrahija", found in Vir, supports this theory. Prominent archaeologist Zdravko Marić claimed that the Vir is one of the most important cultural sites in the territory of Dalmatae. Another prominent archaeologist Borivoj Čović has classified the area of Posušje in the "central Illyrian territory."

Roman Empire

Romans, after the occupation of this area, have been developing villages near the former Illyrian settlements. Settlements have been connected with its famous roads whose rare remains are today still visible in the municipality Posušje. Roman road Gradac - Tribistovo - Poklečani - Petrović has been documented as a verified safe route . On the other hand, archaeologists Ballif and Patsch claim that

Vir, below Zavelim and towards Vinica and later towards Aržano
, has been marked as a safe one.

In Roman times in the entire Posušje municipality area there were settlements, forts and cemeteries. Among the most important settlements was, most probably Gradac, where were two forts and settlement, the well-known late antique Christian basilica (4th–5th century), while in the area of Čitluk there was a Roman

Constantine I and Valens
.

Middle ages

In the 7th century Croats appeared on the historical stage establishing their first principalities, mainly

Kingdom of Croatia. The entire Posušje area at this time belonged to the Kingdom of Croatia, which among other things, is proved by the Old Croatian-style graves around the early Christian basilica in Gradac
. In later periods (the early and late Middle Ages), Posušje was predominately ruled by the
Sigismund of Luxembourg
. Feudal anarchy, torn apart by the Croatian regions, and the Ottomans rather easily at 1463 have conquered Bosnia. Herzegovina was conquered by the
Krbava battle
in 1493. The last Posušje settlement and the last Herzegovina settlement conquered by Turks was Vir. The defenders of Vir had a chain of defence forts above Vir and managed to resist up to 1513.

Ottoman Empire (1513–1878)

The first mentioning of

Venice
, and as such had suffered much.

Austro-Hungary and 20th century

In 1878, after

army of Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina. The army of Austria-Hungary was mostly composed of Croats and the Croatian generals Josip Filipović and Stjepan Jovanović led the invasion. Austria-Hungary established a protectorate and later in 1908 it annexed the country. Authorities of A-U were trying to improve the economy and literacy in the country. In the 1886/1887 it opened elementary school Rakitno in Poklečani. In 1903/04, a school in Vir started to work. Later, schools have also been opened in city of Posušje, Gradac and other places. Special legacy for education of the local people goes to fra Didak Buntić
.

In 1918 Posušje has been included into the newly composed

NDH
, 1941–1945, the area of the current municipality was divided between Great county of Hum and Great county of Pliva-Rama.

Culture

Main article:
Stećak Necropolis Ričina
Old church in downtown

In this area there are many cultural and historical monuments, among them being the old ruins from the Neolithic Age,

Gradac
, the remains of Roman roads, over 20 Latin inscriptions on stone, early Christian basilica of the 4th century, discovered and preserved 1971–1976. And almost every village, at least one stećci necropolis with a medieval tombstones.

In the Rastovača, near Posušje born fra Grgo Martić, a famous Franciscan and famous poet, who celebrated its avengers, consecration and memories. Renowned was his protest, the Congress of Berlin read:

... We hear that the Serbia asks Bosnia for itself, we Catholics do rise against this, since Serbia after seventy years of his administration in his country made no progress, and more particularly what is so intolerante to Catholicism, that has not yet been allowed to build any Catholic church, but now in Belgrade, the quiet holy mass served in a room at the Austrian Consulate. Because of that we protest.

In the area of Posušje, was also born friar Petar Bakula, a tireless architect, writer and scientist. This clergyman wrote 27 works.

The

National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments in 2019.[9][10] The necropolis was first registered in 1988 as an archaeological site in the Archaeological Lexicon of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely as a prehistoric tumulus on which there is a necropolis of stećaks, and between the stećaks, the remains of the walls of a building that is supposed to be a medieval church can be seen. Part of the stećak was destroyed during the construction of the road and the construction of the bridge.[8][9]

Monuments

In the downtown of Posušje is placed a monument in a tribute to Croatian defenders of Posušje. On the road to Blidinje from the west side of town is a monument to 'Vlado the Builder', a mythical figure in Posušjian lore, renowned for his contributions to the local prosciutto and Rakija culture.

The huge church in downtown of Posušje is named after

Virgin Mary
.

Culture

Annual cultural and music programme Posuško lito ("Posušje Summer") consists of concerts, exhibitions, workshops and various events from May to September.[11]

Since 2014,[12] annual music Festival klapske pisme Posušje ("Festival of klapa singing Posušje") is being held. Klapa singing in Posušje is present since 1980s.[13] Local male Klapa Zvizdan ("Heyday") was founded in 2009[14] and female klapa group by the same name in 2016.[15]

Branch of Matica hrvatska is active in the town.[16]

Sport

Mokri Dolac-football stadium in Posušje

In Posušje there are many sport clubs. There are clubs for most popular sports (football and basketball). HŠK Posušje, which competes in Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina and HKK Posušje which competes in the Basketball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The football fans from Posušje carry the name Poskoci–after the most dangerous viper in the area (poskok - plural poskoci= Vipera ammodytes) as the word game with Posušje. Bowling club Posušje - with modern hall exists for a couple of years and traditional Bocce clubs - typical for mediterranean areas. In 2006 a golf club was founded in Posušje by Ivan "Cigo" Mandurić.

References

  1. ^ "Općina Posušje - Službena stranica". Općina Posušje. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Tribistovo jezero". Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  3. Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    . Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  4. ^ "Michelin route planner". viamichelin.com. Retrieved 26 April 2018.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "Michelin route planner". viamichelin.com. Retrieved 26 April 2018.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Michelin route planner". viamichelin.com. Retrieved 26 April 2018.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ "Michelin route planner". viamichelin.com. Retrieved 26 April 2018.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ a b "Ričina – stecak.map". stecak.map – Interaktivna karta stećaka. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  9. ^ a b "Nekropola stećaka kraj potoka Ričine" [Stećaks' necropolis near the Ričina stream] (pdf). Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (text, image) (in Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, and English). Sarajevo: Commission to preserve national monuments. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  10. ^ "Nekropola Ričine". Službeni list. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  11. ^ "Kreće Posuško lito 2023!". opcina-posusje.ba (in Croatian). Općina Posušje. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  12. ^ "Festival klapske pisme Posušje 2014". fkp-posusje.com (in Croatian). Festival klapske pisme Posušje. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  13. ^ "O festivalu" [About the festival]. fkp-posusje.com (in Croatian). Festival klapske pisme Posušje. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Klapa - Zvizdan". fdk.hr (in Croatian). Festival dalmatinskih klapa Omiš. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  15. ^ "Klapa - Zvizdan". fdk.hr (in Croatian). Festival dalmatinskih klapa Omiš. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
  16. ^ "Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Posušju" [Matica hrvatska branch of Posušje]. matica.hr (in Croatian). Matica hrvatska. Retrieved 17 October 2023.

External links

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