Potemkin village

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In politics and economics, a Potemkin village (Russian: потёмкинские деревни, romanized: potyomkinskiye derevni) is a construction (literal or figurative) whose purpose is to provide an external façade to a situation, to make people believe that the situation is better than it is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built by

Empress Catherine II, solely to impress the Empress during her journey to Crimea in 1787.[1] Modern historians agree that accounts of this portable village are exaggerated. The original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River
in order to impress the Russian Empress and foreign guests. The structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be seen again.

Origin

Grigory Potemkin, namesake of the concept

Dnieper River.[3] As soon as the barge carrying the Empress and ambassadors arrived, Potemkin's men, dressed as peasants, would populate the village. Once the barge left, the village was disassembled, then rebuilt downstream overnight.[2]

Historical accuracy

According to

Simon Sebag-Montefiore, Potemkin's most comprehensive English-language biographer, the tale of elaborate, fake settlements, with glowing fires designed to comfort the monarch and her entourage as they surveyed the barren territory at night, is largely fictional.[4] Aleksandr Panchenko, an established specialist on 19th-century Russia, used original correspondence and memoirs to conclude that the Potemkin villages are a myth. He writes: "Based on the above said we must conclude that the myth of 'Potemkin villages' is exactly a myth, and not an established fact."[5] He writes that "Potyomkin indeed decorated existing cities and villages, but made no secret that this was a decoration".[6]

The close relationship between Potemkin and the empress could have made it difficult for him to deceive her. Thus, if there were deception, it would have been mainly directed towards the foreign ambassadors accompanying the imperial party.[7]

Although "Potemkin village" has come to mean, especially in a political context, any hollow or false construct, physical or figurative, meant to hide an undesirable or potentially damaging situation,[8] it is possible that the phrase cannot be applied accurately to its own original historical inspiration. According to some historians,[who?] some of the buildings were real, and others were constructed to show what the region would look like in the near future, and at least Catherine and possibly also her foreign visitors knew which were which. According to these historians, the claims of deception were part of a defamation campaign against Potemkin.[9][10]

According to a legend, in 1787, when Catherine passed through Tula on her way back from the trip, the local governor Mikhail Krechetnikov attempted a deception of that kind in order to hide the effects of a bad harvest.[11]

Modern usage

Further information: Façade
Peace Village, located inside the Demilitarized Zone
, appears empty despite its advertised population of two hundred families.
False front commercial buildings in Greenhorn, Oregon, 1913

In the

Western movies
feature this kind of architecture because, just like the original buildings, it is quick and cheap to create.

As told in his book, The Gulag Archipelago, Solzhenitsyn declined to visit the Kriukovo Gulag with a Soviet official, seemingly chosen by the Soviets well in advance of their meeting, as Solzhenitsyn assumed it would be a "Potemkin structure."

Many of the newly constructed base areas at ski resorts are referred to as Potemkin villages.[12][13] These create the illusion of a quaint mountain town, but are actually carefully planned theme shopping centers, hotels and restaurants designed for maximum revenue. Similarly, in The Geography of Nowhere, American writer James Howard Kunstler refers to contemporary suburban shopping centers as "Potemkin village shopping plazas".[14]

Motorists and pedestrians in Bothell, Washington, can see a forest-like view at this construction site.

Sometimes, instead of the full phrase, just "Potemkin" is used, as an adjective. For example, the use of a row of trees to screen a clearcut area from motorists has been called a "Potemkin forest".[15] For example, the glossary entry for "clearcut" in We Have The Right To Exist: A Translation of Aboriginal Indigenous Thought states that "Much of the extensive clearcut in northern Minnesota is insulated from scrutiny by the urbanized public by a Potemkin forest, or, as the D.N.R. terms it, an aesthetic strip – a thin illusion of forest about six trees deep, along most highways and fronting waters frequented by tourists."[16] Another example is the phrase "Potemkin court", which implies that the court's reason to exist is being called into question (differing from the phrase "kangaroo court" with which the court's standard of justice is being impugned).[17]

"Potemkin village" is a phrase that has been used by American

affidavits in U.S. litigation as "the Potemkin Village of today's litigation landscape" because "adjudication by affidavit is like walking down a street between two movie sets, all lawyer-painted façade and no interior architecture."[20]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Grigory Potemkin | Biography, Villages, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-1-4070-9179-2
    .
  3. ISSN 0040-781X
    . Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  4. ^ "Did 'Potemkin villages' really exist?". The Straight Dope. 14 November 2003.
  5. ^ Aleksandr Panchenko, "Potyomkin villages as a cultural myth", (rus) in Panchenko, O russkoi istorii i kul´ture (Saint-Petersburg, Azbuka, 2000), 416. "В связи с вышесказанным должно сделать заключение, что миф о «потемкинских деревнях» – именно миф, а не достоверно установленный факт."
  6. ^ Aleksandr Panchenko, "Potemkinskie derevni' kak kul´turnyi mif", in Panchenko, O russkoi istorii i kul´ture (Saint-Petersburg, Azbuka, 2000), 416. "Потемкин действительно декорировал города и селения, но никогда не скрывал, что это декорации."
  7. ^ Davies, Norman. Europe: A history, London, Pimlico, 1997, p. 658.
  8. ISBN 978-1-4522-8583-2
    .
  9. ^ "The Straight Dope: Did "Potemkin villages" really exist?". 14 November 2003. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  10. ^ Kulke, Ulli (28 February 2011). "Katharina die Grosse: An Fürst Potemkin war alles echt. Auch die Dörfer" [Everything about Prince Potemkin was real. Including the villages]. Die Welt (in German).
  11. ^ "Русский литературный анекдот XVIII-XIX вв". fershal.narod.ru. 18 November 2010. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
  12. ISBN 9781578050710
    .
  13. ^ "Colorado Ski Areas – SKI BUM". Retrieved 22 March 2017.
  14. ^ Kunstler, James Howard (1993). The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape. New York, Touchstone.
  15. ^ "Humanity is waging an inexplicable war on trees. It's not going to work out for either side - Los Angeles Times". 2 May 2018.
  16. ^ Wub-e-ke-niew. "We Have The Right To Exist: A Translation of Aboriginal Indigenous Thought". Maquah.net. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  17. ISBN 9780191649851
    .
  18. ISBN 9780415276627
    .
  19. ^ Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833, 966 (29 June 1992) ("Roe v. Wade stands as a sort of judicial Potemkin Village, which may be pointed out to passers-by as a monument to the importance of adhering to precedent. But behind the façade, an entirely new method of analysis, without any roots in constitutional law, is imported to decide the constitutionality of state laws regulating abortion.").
  20. ^ United States v. Massachusetts, 781 F. Supp. 2d 1, 22 n.25 (D.Mass 2011).

Bibliography

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Potemkin_village&oldid=1219549732"