Poulton-le-Fylde
Poulton-le-Fylde | ||
---|---|---|
Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Post town | POULTON-LE-FYLDE | |
Postcode district | FY6 | |
Dialling code | 01253 | |
Police | Lancashire | |
Fire | Lancashire | |
Ambulance | North West | |
UK Parliament | ||
Poulton-le-Fylde (/ˈpoʊltən li ˌfaɪld/), commonly shortened to Poulton, is a market town in Lancashire, England, situated on the coastal plain called the Fylde. In the 2021 United Kingdom census, it had a population of 18,115.
There is evidence of human habitation in the area from 12,000 years ago, and several archaeological finds from
By the post-
Poulton has the administrative centre of the
Poulton has a library and two secondary schools: Baines School and Hodgson Academy. There is a farmers' market once a month and since October 2011 there has been a weekly market on Mondays in the centre of the town.
History
Early history
There is evidence of human habitation in the area around Poulton from c. 10,000 BC. In 1970, building work in nearby
Although there is little archaeological evidence of Anglo-Saxon activity in the area following the departure of the Romans, local place names incorporate Old English elements like tūn (farmstead), suggesting that they were founded in that period.[5] Nearby examples are Thornton, Marton and Carleton. Poulton was recorded in 1086 as Poltun; the name is derived from the Old English words pull or pōl + tūn meaning "farmstead by a pool or creek".[8][9] In later years, it was recorded variously as Pultun, Polton, Potton, Poolton and Poulton.[2] The affix le-Fylde ("in the district called the Fylde") was added in 1842 with the arrival of the Penny Post, to distinguish the town from Poulton-le-Sands, a village that is now part of Morecambe.[10]
Poulton is one of seven ancient parishes of the
In 1094, Roger the Poitevin founded the
The amount of land in Poulton owned by St. Mary's Priory increased during the 12th and 13th centuries and caused conflict with local landowners over whose land the tenants and monks of the priory had to cross.
In the 17th century Civil Wars, townspeople of Poulton fought on both sides, although more men from the Fylde were on the side of the Royalists.[14] No battles occurred in or close to Poulton but the area was affected with the rest of the county by the widespread poverty that resulted from the wars.[26] In 1643 interest was stirred in the parish when a large Spanish vessel dropped anchor off the coast at Rossall.[27] The ship made no movement for several days but fired its guns occasionally.[28] Locals initially feared an invasion, but eventually realised that the crew was in distress and had been signalling for help.[29] The vessel was carrying ammunition for the Parliamentarian forces and the crew had become sick and feeble. The ship was brought by Royalists into the mouth of the River Wyre and the Earl of Derby marched from across the River Ribble. He ordered the ship to be burnt and the Spanish crew to be set free.[27]
The port of Poulton played a role in the Atlantic slave trade during the 18th century, with at least four slaving voyages setting off from Poulton between 1753 and 1757.[30]
In the 18th century it was the custom for the wealthy in Poulton to bury their dead at night, following a lamp-lit procession through town. This tradition lasted until 1810.[31] In 1732, during the procession preceding the funeral of Geoffrey Hornby, strong winds caused sparks to fly from the lighted tapers carried by mourners.[32] The buildings on the west side of Market Place, low cottages with thatched roofs, caught fire and were destroyed.[33] After local fund-raising the houses were eventually replaced with brick buildings with tile roofs.[34]
19th and 20th centuries
Poulton became an important centre for trade in the area. With harbours on either side of the River Wyre, at Skippool and Wardleys, it was able to import goods from as far away as Russia and North America.[35] Flax was imported from Ireland and the Baltic, timber came from across the Atlantic and tallow from Russia.[36][37] Records from 1806 to 1808 show that Poulton imported limestone from Ulverston, oats from Ulverston, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Wigtown, Whitehaven and Liverpool, and coal from Preston. Cheese was exported to the same places.[38] By the 18th century, markets for cattle and cloth were being held in the town in February, April and November, with corn fairs every Monday.[39] It is unclear at what point Poulton began life as a market town; it was never granted a market charter and so markets were held by prescription.[40][41] The market cross probably dates from the 17th century.[42]
The linen industry was widespread in the Fylde during the 18th century and Poulton's importation of flax was essential.[43] There were large warehouses at Skippool and Wardleys, owned by linen merchants from Kirkham. By the 19th century, craftsmen in Poulton were an important part of the industry.[44] In the early part of the 19th century, there was a significant decline in the craft industries because of increased mechanisation, as well as increased demand for labour.[44] In contrast to neighbouring Kirkham, Poulton appeared to suffer from a lack of enthusiasm for new industrial techniques and opportunities among its industry leaders.[44]
Poulton's commercial importance was affected by the growth in the 19th century of two nearby coastal towns. In 1836 the first building was constructed in the new, planned town of
Mains electricity was brought to Poulton-le-Fylde around 1928.[48]
Governance
Historically, Poulton-le-Fylde was one of seven
Today, with respect to civil parishes, Poulton is unparished. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Poulton Urban District merged with those of Preesall and Thornton-Cleveleys, the municipal borough of Fleetwood and the rural district of Garstang to form the borough of Wyre.[52] The town has the borough council's administrative centre, with its offices in Poulton Civic Centre.[53]
The town is governed locally by a two-tier council system, being a part of both
The town is represented in the
Geography
At 53°50′49.2″N 2°59′42″W / 53.847000°N 2.99500°W (53.847°, −2.995°), and approximately 240 miles (390 km) northwest of London, Poulton-le-Fylde stands 19 feet (5.8 m) above sea level.
The bedrock of the area consists of Permo-Triassic sandstones and particularly Triassic mudstones. These old rocks lie beneath sea-level and are invisible beneath drift made up of glacial till deposits and post-glacial colluvium and alluvium deposits; there is a smaller amount of peat.[60][62]
Poulton has a generally
Climate data for Blackpool (1971–2000 averages) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.4 (66.9) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
7.6 (45.7) |
12.9 (55.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.3 (54.1) |
10.2 (50.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 81.1 (3.19) |
58.7 (2.31) |
68.3 (2.69) |
48.9 (1.93) |
49.0 (1.93) |
59.8 (2.35) |
59.5 (2.34) |
73.4 (2.89) |
82.5 (3.25) |
97.9 (3.85) |
94.0 (3.70) |
58.3 (2.30) |
871.3 (34.30) |
Source: Met Office |
Demography
Wyre compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK census[64] | Wyre | North West | England |
Total population | 105,618 | 6,729,764 | 49,138,831 |
White | 98.9% | 94.4% | 90.9% |
Asian | 0.4% | 3.4% | 4.6% |
Black | 0.1% | 0.6% | 2.3% |
At the
Wyre's 45,295 households included 29.1% one-person, 37.3% married couples living together, 6.8% co-habiting couples, and 9.0% single parents with their children; these figures were similar to those of the North West and England.[68] Of those aged 16–74, 31.1% had no academic qualifications, similar to that of 31.9% in all of the North West but higher than 28.9% in all of England.[69] Wyre had a lower percentage of adults with a diploma or degree than the North West as a whole. Of Wyre residents aged 16–74, 15.7% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, a qualified nurse, midwife, or health visitor, compared to 17.2% in the North West and 19.9% nationwide.[69]
Population change
Typical of rural agricultural settlements, Poulton's population increased by almost 25% through the first two decades of the 19th century.[43] In the decades after 1831, the town's population growth slowed, reflecting Poulton's failure to adapt to the changes of industrial society.[43]
Population growth in Poulton-le-Fylde since 1801 | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
Population | 769 | 1,141 | 1,225 | 1,412 | 2,223 | 2,424 | 2,723 | 3,366 | 7,112 | 7,676 | 12,726 | 16,401 | 18,264 | ||||||||
Sources: [65][70][71][72] |
Economy
Wyre compared | |||
---|---|---|---|
2001 UK census[73] | Wyre | North West | England |
Population of working age | 74,885 | 4,839,669 | 35,532,091 |
Full-time employment | 35.0% | 38.8% | 40.8% |
Part-time employment | 12.8% | 11.9% | 11.8% |
Self employed | 10.2% | 7.1% | 8.3% |
Unemployed | 2.6% | 3.6% | 3.4% |
Retired | 20.0% | 14.1% | 13.5% |
In the 13th century, Poulton's economy was largely agricultural.[23] Over the next centuries, the town became a commercial centre for the area, importing and exporting goods through harbours on the River Wyre at Skippool and Wardleys. Imports of flax were vital for a local linen industry, particularly in nearby Kirkham, and Poulton craftsmen were part of this industry by the beginning of the 19th century.[44] During the early part of this century the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution led to a decline in the craft industries in Poulton. New methods were not embraced by local producers and the town suffered from its location, far from coalfields and large labour markets.[47] Following the development of the new town and port of Fleetwood from 1836, Poulton's role as a major commerce centre waned. For some time, the town's market remained important as a local supply of goods for growing Fleetwood and Blackpool. Eventually, Poulton was overshadowed by Fleetwood and Blackpool. In his 1837 work on Blackpool, William Thornber called Poulton the "metropolis of the Fylde".[2] This was a time when Poulton was still prominent among its near neighbours; David Foster commented in 1972 that not only was Thornber's description of the town no longer apt, it had ceased to be accurate even from 1850 with the rapid growth of the coastal resorts.[39]
Although the unemployment rate in Wyre is higher than that of the North West and England, in 2004 a Market Town Initiative study noted that the level of unemployment in Poulton was lower than the regional and national averages, at 1.41%.[74] Business in the town is centred at the Poulton Industrial Estate.[75] Agriculture is still important locally; in 2001 2.6% of workers in Wyre were employed in agriculture, hunting or forestry (compared to 1.2% in the North West and 1.5% in England).[76]
Culture and community
In 2004 a group appointed by Wyre Borough Council carried out a study of Poulton as part of the Countryside Agency's Market Town Initiative.[77] Their Health Check and Action Plan identified "economic, transport & accessibility, environmental and social strengths and weaknesses" of Poulton.[78] The study noted that the town has no cinemas, theatres, museums or galleries and that there was popular demand for a cinema, a weekly market and more independent retailers.[75][79] There was also concern among residents that there are not enough facilities for young people.[80] Poulton has a library, operated by Lancashire County Council.[81]
Poulton's public spaces include the
Poulton Gala is held annually in June and a farmers' market is held on the fourth Saturday of every month.[86] In October 2011, Wyre Borough Council introduced the return of a weekly market which takes place in the centre of Poulton every Monday.[87]
The town is also where, in the 1970s, the punk group Skrewdriver was formed. Although initially apolitical, the band went on to become internationally known as a neo-Nazi punk band.
Sport
Poulton F.C.
Poulton F.C., based at Cottam Hall on
Fylde Cricket Club
Fylde Cricket Club, founded in the early 19th century, is one of the oldest clubs in Lancashire. Its home ground is commonly known as "The G", based on Moorland Road, close to Hodgson School.
Fylde joined the league in 1922. They won the Loxham Cup in the early 1970s and, in the decade that followed, the Shield and the Meyler on several occasions. The second eleven also added to the trophy collection by winning the respective competitions on a number of occasions. They formed third and fourth teams and played in the Fylde League, providing a bridge between junior and senior league cricket.
The club's first XI competes in the Palace Shield Premier Division, with a second and Sunday development team also running.[90]
Wyre Cricket Club
The club was formed in 1994 after the break-up of the Over Wyre A and B teams and competed in the Fylde Cricket League. In 1995 the club was renamed again as Thornton International CC because of a name clash with one of Thornton’s football teams. Further changes took place where the club was re-badged again to the current name of Wyre Cricket Club and took residence at Myerscough College in 1996, after Myerscough College built a golf academy on the grounds, the club subsequently moved again to Baines School in Poulton-le-Fylde in 2000 and then to its current home in 2006 to Cottam Hall grounds in Poulton-le-Fylde. Wyre CC left the Fylde Cricket League in 2013 (at the end of the 2014 season the Fylde Cricket League was officially dissolved).
The club joined the Palace Shield Cricket League for the 2014 season, the 1st XI won back to back promotions in the first years of joining, some years later the club entered in the 2nd XI into the Palace Shield league. The club also has a mid-week T20 team and competes in the Palace Shield T20 league.
Landmarks
Poulton town centre has been a
The market place at the centre of Poulton is the width of two streets and is now closed to motor traffic.
Religion
St Chad's Church, the Anglican parish church, is in the centre of town, bordering the marketplace. It has been designated a Grade II* listed building by English Heritage. The current structure dates largely from the mid-18th century when the previous church was demolished, although the tower is from the 17th century. The church is constructed of stone and has a slate roof. A round Norman-style apse was added in 1868. The churchyard, mainly to the south and east of the building, is noted for its display of crocuses in the spring.[101] After the
The first establishment of
In the 2001 census 83.06% of respondents in Wyre gave their religion as Christianity. This is higher than the average for the North West (78.01%) and England (71.74).[109] Muslim residents made up 0.18% of respondents in Wyre, 0.15% were Buddhist, 0.14% were Hindu, 0.10% were Jewish and 0.05% were Sikh; these figures are all lower than the regional and national averages.[109] A further 9.40% of people in the borough stated that they had no religion, also a lower figure than the regional and national averages.[109]
Transport
The development in the first half of the 19th century of Fleetwood led to the arrival of the railway in the Fylde. The
Poulton is approximately 13 miles (21 km) west of the
Poulton was previously served by Blackpool Airport, approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) away; however, the airport no longer has any commercial service and is instead served by the larger Liverpool John Lennon Airport and Manchester Airport.[116]
Education
Poulton has two secondary schools, the oldest of which dates from the 18th century. In 1717, local
There are four primary schools in the town: Breck Primary School, St John's Catholic Primary School, Carr Head Primary School and St Chad's Church of England Primary School. All have been rated either "good" or "outstanding" in past Ofsted inspections.[123][dead link]
Public services
Poulton's
See also
References
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- Bagley, J. J. (1972), Lancashire, London: ISBN 0-7134-0071-4
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- Champness, John (1989), Lancashire's Architectural Heritage, Preston: Lancashire County Planning Department, OCLC 20690451
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- Wyre Borough Council (28 April 2008), Poulton Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan (Consultation Draft), archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2011, retrieved 19 November 2010
External links
- The Project Gutenberg eBook: History of the Fylde of Lancashire – John Porter (1876)