Preferred IUPAC name

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In

IUPAC nomenclature. The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important to decide on a unique name. It is intended for use in legal and regulatory situations.[1]

Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for

transition metals and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds[2] (see below). Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development.[3]
The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter and chapter 5 of the "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013" (freely accessible),[4] which replace two former publications: the "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry", 1979 (the Blue Book) and "A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Recommendations 1993". The full draft version of the PIN recommendations ("Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds", Draft of 7 October 2004) is also available.[5][6]

Definitions

Further information: IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry and IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry

A preferred IUPAC name or PIN is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An IUPAC name is a systematic name that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A general IUPAC name is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A retained name is a traditional or otherwise often used name, usually a trivial name, that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature.[7]

Since systematic names often are not human-readable a PIN may be a retained name. Both "PINs" and "retained names" have to be chosen (and established by IUPAC) explicitly, unlike other IUPAC names, which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules. Thus, the PIN is sometimes the retained name (e.g., phenol and acetic acid, instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid), while in other cases, the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name (e.g., propan-2-one, instead of acetone).

A preselected name is a preferred name chosen among two or more names for parent hydrides or other parent structures that do not contain carbon (inorganic parents). "Preselected names" are used in the nomenclature of organic compounds as the basis for PINs for organic derivatives. They are needed for derivatives of organic compounds that do not contain carbon themselves.[7] A preselected name is not necessarily a PIN in inorganic chemical nomenclature.

Basic principles

The systems of chemical nomenclature developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) have traditionally concentrated on ensuring that chemical names are unambiguous, that is that a name can only refer to one substance. However, a single substance can have more than one acceptable name, like toluene, which may also be correctly named as "methylbenzene" or "phenylmethane". Some alternative names remain available as "retained names" for more general contexts. For example, tetrahydrofuran remains an unambiguous and acceptable name for the common organic solvent, even if the preferred IUPAC name is "oxolane".[8]

The nomenclature goes:[9]

The following are available, but not given special preference:[10]

  • Conjunctive nomenclature is available, but substitutive, multiplicative, or skeletal should be preferred. Example: benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid should instead be named 2,2′,2′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)triacetic acid.
  • Additive and subtractive operations remain available as with the general case. For example, one keeps changing "ane" into "ene" for double bonds. Additive operations generally have better names derived from the above rules, such as phenyloxirane for styrene oxide.

Retained IUPAC names

The number of retained non-systematic, trivial names of simple organic compounds (for example

monosaccharides, α-amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names; in these cases the systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used. The name for water
itself is a retained IUPAC name.

Scope of the nomenclature for organic compounds

In IUPAC nomenclature, all compounds containing carbon atoms are considered organic compounds. Organic nomenclature only applies to organic compounds containing elements from the Groups

Organometallic compounds of the Groups 1 through 12 are not covered by organic nomenclature.[7][11]

Notes and references

  1. ^ Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, retrieved 2017-08-12.
  2. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4
    .
  3. S2CID 100897636
    . Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  4. ISBN 978-1-84973-306-9
    .
  5. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 CONTENTS
  6. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 Complete draft version
  7. ^ a b c IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, par. 10-12, Chapter 1
  8. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, Rule P-53.2.2, Chapter5
  9. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51, Chap P-5
  10. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51, Chap P-5
  11. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-69.0 Organometallic compounds

Further reading

  • Wisniewski, Janusz Leon (5 May 2008). "Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation: Algorithmic Generation and Conversion". Handbook of Chemoinformatics. pp. 51–79.
    doi:10.1002/9783527618279.ch4. – background on why a preferred name is needed (multiple dialects of "systematic" such as CAS and Beilstein
    )
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