Prehistoric Albania

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Gajtan[citation needed] sites represent more developed stone, flint and horn tools. Another important site of the Mesolithic industrial activity is the flint mine of Goranxi that was in operation around 7,000 BC.[10][11]

The excavation project of the prehistoric settlement of Vashtëmi was completed in 2013, and the results thereof confirmed that it was one of the earliest farming sites in Europe, dating back to 6,600 BC, long before the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution would have reached the region.[12][13] Vashtëmi was situated near the Devoll river feeding the Maliq Lake, a region that became the cradle of the most prominent Neolithic culture of present-day Albania: the Maliq culture. It initially included the settlements of Vashtëmi, Dunavec, Maliq and Podgorie.[14][15][16] Their artifacts, pottery and spiritual culture spread through the valleys, and by the end of the Lower Neolithic it covered a sizeable area including the territory of the modern Eastern Albania.[17][18] The human settlements of the western parts of the present-day country were rather connected to the archaeological cultures of the Adriatic Sea and the Danube valley.[19][20][21] During the Middle Neolithic, 5th-4th millennia BC achievement of a cultural unity was underway, which was represented by the prevailing black and grey polished pottery, four-footed ceramic ritual objects and

mill stone, primitive spinning wheel), ceramics painted with two or three colors (typically red and black), featuring elaborated designs and patterns.[25]

With the Chalcolithic, in the second half of 3rd millennium BC the first tools made of copper emerged and helped the contemporary man be more efficient in agricultural and industrial activities. The ceramic pottery continued the Neolithic tradition from both typological and technological aspect, yet it adapted some of the methods and patterns of the other cultures on the Balkan Peninsula.[26][27] At the same time the man of the epoch was witnessing the great Indo-European migrations of the Proto-Indo-Europeans leaving their homeland in the Eastern European steppes and spreading towards Asia and Europe. Based on the archaeological findings and facts the leading Albanian archaeologist Muzafer Korkuti stated that although these nomadic migrants brought along their culture into the eastern part of the Balkans, yet they were blended with the local indigenous population which by the end of the Copper Age ended up in the formation of an ethnocultural basis of the later Illyrians.[28]

References

  1. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 25.
  2. ^ Templer 2016, p. 215–216.
  3. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 24.
  4. ^ Gilkes 2013, p. 14.
  5. ^ Templer 2016, p. 220.
  6. ^ Templer 2016, p. 227.
  7. ^ Templer 2016, p. 228.
  8. ^ Templer 2016, p. 222.
  9. ^ Templer 2016, p. 221.
  10. ^ Gilkes 2013, p. 14., 200–201.
  11. ^ Templer 2016, p. 219.
  12. ^ Allen & Gjipali 2014, p. 107, 109, 114, 117.
  13. ^ Templer 2016, p. 230.
  14. ^ Korkuti 2007, p. 114.
  15. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 43.
  16. ^ Gilkes 2013, p. 14.
  17. ^ Korkuti 2007, p. 114
  18. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 43.
  19. ^ Wilkes 1992, p. 30–31.
  20. ^ Korkuti 2007, p. 116.
  21. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 24, 43–44
  22. ^ Wilkes 1992, p. 30–31.
  23. ^ Korkuti 2007, p. 116.
  24. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 24, 43–44.
  25. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 44–45.
  26. ^ Fouache & Ghilardi 2011, p. 36.
  27. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 45–46.
  28. ^ Ceka 2013, p. 48.

Sources

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