Prehistoric sites in Serbia

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The best known cultural archaeological discoveries from the

cultures[1]
dating back to 6400–6200 BC.

Serbia's strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many nations.

History

The territory of present-day Serbia is situated in the central region of

Balkan peninsula. It lies on one of the major migration routes connecting the Middle East with central Europe. Traces of human population in this area go back to at least to 400 000 (see Sićevo Gorge). Morava-Vardar
corridor has seen regular waves of migrations throughout its history. It is one of the probable paths of original human expansion into Europe.

This region was home to several important

Asia minor
to central Europe.

Archeological sites in present-day Serbia contain some of the earliest examples of metallurgy, especially copper processing.

During the Bronze Age this area has seen several large migrations of various

interaction zone.

The period of prehistory in this area ends with the advance of reliable

Roman empire as the province of Moesia
.

Paleolithic

Paleolithic archeological evidence from the territory of present-day Serbia remain surprisingly scarce.

Two skeletons of

Mammoths have been found in Serbia, the first in Kikinda in 1996, the second in Viminacium (Kostolac), June 2009, 1,5 million year old (mammuthus meridionalis)[2][3] thus one of the oldest mammoths of Europe
.

A fragment of a human jaw, was found in Sićevo (Mala Balanica) and believed to be up to 525,000–397,000 years old.[4][5][6] Many archaeological sites have been destroyed because of floodings.

Mesolithic

hunter gatherer culture from the end of the last ice age
. Archeological evidence of human habitation of the surrounding caves dates back to around 20,000 BC. The first settlement on the low plateau dates back to 7000 BC, a time when the climate became significantly warmer. Seven successive settlements were discovered on the Lepenski Vir site, with the remains of 136 residential and sacral buildings dating from 6500 to 5500 BC. Among other finds are the many characteristic sculptures, The sculptures can be separated into two distinct categories, one with simple geometric patterns and the other representing humanoid figures. The latter are the most interesting. All of these figural sculptures were modelled in a naturalistic and strongly expressionistic manner. Only the head and face of the human figures were modelled realistically, with strong brow arches, an elongated nose, and a wide, fish-like mouth. Hair, beard, arms and hands can be seen on some of the figures in a stylized form. Many fish-like features can be noticed. Along with the position which these sculptures had in the house shrine, they suggest a connection with river gods.

Neolithic

4500–4000 BC Vinča Household deity in clay
Vatin circles

The

Vinča signs represent one of the earliest known forms of Writing systems (dating to 6000–4000 BC).[9]

Some of the first evidence of human metallurgy was found, dated to the 5th and 6th

The oldest copper axe in Europe was found at

Vincha culture) millennia earlier than Ötzi's axe (previously oldest metalworking)[11][12]

Bronze Age

The start of Bronze Age in northern Serbia is marked by the Indo-European invasion, represented by Vučedol culture centered in the region of Syrmia. This culture has been linked with Proto-Illyrian and Mycenaean Greece.

Iron Age

This period spans over a time from the end of the

Roman Serbia). The Thracians, most notably Triballi dominated Serbia before the Illyrian migration in the southwest.[13] Greeks colonized the south in the 4th century BC, the northernmost point of the empire of Alexander the Great being the town of Kale.[14]

The tribes of Autariatae and the Celtic

Thraco-Illyrian interaction zone.[17]

Tribal State of the Scordisci (Vatin culture).

In 279 BC, after the

Gaius Porcius Cato and then defeated in 107 BC, but are still holding a significant part of Pannonia. They invade Macedonia with the Dardani and Maedi, coming as far as Delphi
, plundering the temple but are eventually defeated and driven across the Danube in 88 BC. There they are subjugated by the Dacians under Burebista in 56–50 BC, and finally, in 15 BC they are Roman subjects, beginning their Romanization.

In parts of Moesia (northeast Serbia) the Celtic Scordisci and Thracians lived besides each other, evident in the archeological findings of pits and treasures, spanning from 3rd to 1st centuries BC.[19]

Ancient tribes

Pre-Roman

Romanization

Sites

References

  1. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2009-05-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ "Blic Online in English | Culture & Showbiz | Vika is five million years old". Archived from the original on 2009-06-21. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
  3. ^ NBC News
  4. ^ Roksandic 2011, p. 186-196.
  5. ^ "Photo from Reuters Pictures - News, photos, topics, and quotes". Archived from the original on 2009-09-11. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
  6. ^ "B92 - News - Society - Million-year-old mammoth skeleton found". Archived from the original on 2009-06-07. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
  7. ^ Nikola Tasić; Dragoslav Srejović; Bratislav Stojanović (1990). "Vinča and its Culture". In Vladislav Popović (ed.). Vinča: Centre of the Neolithic culture of the Danubian region. Smiljka Kjurin (translator). Belgrade. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2006-10-28.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. ^ "History (Ancient Period)". Official website. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
  9. . Retrieved 2009-05-05.
  10. .
  11. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-21. Retrieved 2009-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/ancient-axe-find-suggests-copper-age-began-earlier-than-believed_100105122.html
  13. , Page 85, "...the area [South Serbia] was originally populated with Thracians..."
  14. ^ Blic Online Kultura | Najseverniji grad Aleksandrovog carstva Archived 2009-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Jovanović 1984, 1985, 1991; Theodossiev 2000: 120-121, cat. no. 113 with full bibliography
  16. ^ Jovanović 1985, 1992
  17. ^ "CAORC | Programs" (PDF).
  18. ^ Skordisci: istorija i kultura, Jovan Todorović, Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine, 1974, page 268.
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-09-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-09-11. Retrieved 2009-05-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ISSN 1786-271X
    .
  22. ^ Karmanski, S. (2005). "Donja Branjevina: A Neolithic Settlement near Deronje in the Vojvodina (Serbia)". Società per la Preistoria e Protostoria della Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Quaderno 10.
  23. ^ Borić, Dušan (2 November 2006). "Ribari s Đerdapa". Vreme.
  24. ^ "Arheologija". Narodni muzej Pančevo. Archived from the original on 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  25. ^ Zotović, Radmila (2007). "Social and cultural aspects of the burial "Krajčinovići-Slana voda" (south-west of Serbia, middle of II c. b.c." (PDF). Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis. VI (1).

Sources

Books
Journals
Symposia
Other
  • Filipović, V. M., 2015. Naoružanje i ratnička oprema u kulturama poznog bronzanog i starijeg gvozdenog doba na teritoriji Srbije, Makedonije, Crne Gore i Albanije (Doctoral dissertation, Univerzitet u Beogradu-Filozofski fakultet).

External links