Proenkephalin
(Redirected from
Preproenkephalin
)Proenkephalin (PENK), formerly known as proenkephalin A (since
proteolyic cleavage, produces the enkephalin peptides [Met]enkephalin, and to a lesser extent, [Leu]enkephalin.[5] Upon cleavage, each proenkephalin peptide results in the generation of four copies of [Met]enkephalin, two extended copies of [Met]enkephalin, and one copy of [Leu]enkephalin.[5] Contrarily, [Leu]enkephalin] is predominantly synthesized from prodynorphin, which produces three copies of it per cleavage, and no copies of [Met]enkephalin. Other endogenous opioid peptides produced by proenkephalin include adrenorphin,[6] amidorphin,[7] BAM-18,[8] BAM-20P,[9] BAM-22P,[9] peptide B,[10] peptide E,[11] and peptide F.[12]
Proenkephalin in human diseases
Proenkephalin is produced by the medium spiny neurons of the striatum which undergo neurodegeneration in early stages of Huntington's disease (HD). PENK[13] and related peptides[14][15] measured in cerebrospinal fluid are proposed as potential biomarkers of disease progression in HD.
See also
- Prodynorphin (Proenkephalin B)
- Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000181195 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000045573 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-532109-9. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- S2CID 4320171.
- S2CID 4363051.
- PMID 3040439.
- ^ PMID 7213356.
- S2CID 3869685.
- S2CID 19919675.
- PMID 7425644.
- PMID 33247616.
- S2CID 11033749.
- S2CID 249930318.
External links
- Pro-Enkephalin at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)