President of Iran
President of the Islamic Republic of Iran | |
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رئیسجمهور ایران ( Sa'dabad Palace | |
Seat | Pasteur, Tehran |
Appointer | Direct vote |
Term length | Four years, renewable once consecutively |
Formation | 4 February 1980 |
First holder | Abolhassan Banisadr |
Deputy | First Vice President |
Salary | 538,592,400 ﷼ annually[2] |
Website | Official website |
The president of Iran (
The president is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in by the Parliament and the Supreme Leader has the power to dismiss the elected president if he has either been impeached by Parliament or found guilty of a constitutional violation by the Supreme Court.[3] The president carries out the decrees, and answers to the Supreme Leader, who functions as the country's head of state.[4][5] Unlike the executive in other countries, the president of Iran does not have full control over the government, which is ultimately under the direct control of the Supreme Leader.[4][5] Before elections, the nominees must be approved by the guardian council to become a president candidate. Members of the guardian council are chosen by the supreme leader.[6] The president of Iran is elected for a four-year term by direct vote and is not permitted to run for more than two consecutive terms.
Chapter IX of the
The president also appoints the ministers, subject to the approval of
The current long-time Supreme Leader
The current president of Iran is Ebrahim Raisi, who assumed office on 3 August 2021, after the 2021 presidential election. He succeeded Hassan Rouhani, who served 8 years in office from 2013 to 2021.
Background
Government of Islamic Republic of Iran |
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After the
The 1979 Constitution designated the Supreme Leader of Iran as the head of state and the President and Prime Minister as the heads of government. The post of Prime Minister was abolished in 1989.
The
The election on August 3, 2005 resulted in a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The election on June 12, 2009 was reported by government authorities as a victory for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the incumbent candidate, although this is greatly disputed by supporters of rival candidates, who noted the statistical anomalies in voting reports and large-scale overvoting in the officially announced tallies.[20]
were each elected president for two terms.Qualifications and election
The procedures for presidential election and all other elections in Iran are outlined by the Supreme Leader.
- Iranian origin;
- Iranian nationality;
- administrative capacity and resourcefulness;
- a good past record;
- trustworthiness and piety; and
- convinced belief in the fundamental principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the official madhhab of the country.[24][25]
Within these guidelines the Council vetoes candidates who are deemed unacceptable. The approval process is considered to be a check on the president's power, and usually amounts to a small number of candidates being approved. In the 1997 election, for example, only four out of 238 presidential candidates were approved by the council. Western observers have routinely criticized the approvals process as a way for the Council and Supreme Leader to ensure that only conservative and like-minded Islamic fundamentalists can win office. However, the council rejects the criticism, citing approval of so-called reformists in previous elections. The council rejects most of the candidates stating that they are not "a well-known political figure", a requirement by the current law.
The President must be elected with a simple majority of the popular vote. If no candidate receives a majority in the first round, a runoff election is held between the top two candidates.
Presidential council
According to the
Powers and responsibilities
The President's duties include the following, subject to supervision and approval by the Supreme Leader:
- Second in command (after Supreme Leader) of the executive branch of government and chairperson of the cabinet
- The deputy commander-in-chief of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army
- Declare a state of emergency after passage by the parliament (The proclamation of martial law is forbidden.)
- Head (Presided) of the Supreme National Security Council
- Head (Presided) of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution
- Appointment of first Vice President of Iran and other Vice Presidents
- Nomination of Parliament
- Sends and receives all foreign ambassadors
- Issue executive orders
- Issue medalsin honor of service for the nation
- Signature of treaties, protocols, contracts, after the approval of the Islamic Parliament of Iran
- The President is obliged to sign the legislation approved by the Parliament, or the result of a referendum, after it is forwarded to them and the legal stages are covered, and to forward to the relevant authorities for implementation. (He has no right to veto).
some of these duties require the approval of the Supreme Leader.[26]
Oath of office
I, as the President, upon the
peace be upon them, and to entrust it to the one elected by the Nation after me.
Commentary on the presidency in constitution
TIME Magazine noted that presidential elections in Iran change nothing as Supreme Leader Khamenei — and not the President — wields the ultimate power.[27] Tallha Abdulrazaq, an Iraqi researcher at the University of Exeter's Strategy and Security Institute, stated that Khamenei, the longtime Supreme Leader of Iran, always uses the president as a kind of a buffer zone between him and the people. “Anything that goes right, Khamenei then can say 'I am the wise leader who put this guy in charge and he made the right policy decisions.' Anything that goes wrong, he can say ‘we should get rid of this guy. He is not good for the country, he is not good for you.’"[28]
Latest election
Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abdolnaser Hemmati | Executives of Construction Party | 2,443,387 | 9.81 | |
Amir-Hossein Ghazizadeh Hashemi | Islamic Law Party | 1,003,650 | 4.03 | |
Total | 24,909,817 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 24,909,817 | 86.64 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 3,840,919 | 13.36 | ||
Total votes | 28,750,736 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 59,310,307 | 48.48 | ||
Source: Fars News |
See also
- Advisor to the President of Iran
- Aide to the President of Iran
- Chief of Staff of the President of Iran
- First Lady of Iran
- List of presidents of Iran
References
- ^ "HH The Amir, President of Iran Give Joint Press Statements". Qatar Embassy in London. 12 January 2020. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ^ "حقوق رئیس جمهور و نمایندگان چقدر است؟". Mashreghnews.ir. 2019-06-29. Archived from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
- from the original on 2019-12-21. Retrieved 2021-06-16.
- ^ a b (see Article 110 of the constitution)
- ^ a b Axel Tschentscher. "ICL - Iran - Constitution". Servat.unibe.ch. Archived from the original on 2018-08-21. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
- ^ "Council of Guardians | Definition, Role, Selection, & History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2021-03-17.
- ^ a b c "Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency". Tehran Times. 2016-10-15. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ a b "Iran's Khamenei hits out at Rafsanjani in rare public rebuke". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ a b "Khamenei says Iran must go green - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". Al-Monitor. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ a b Louis Charbonneau and Parisa Hafezi (16 May 2014). "Exclusive: Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ a b "IranWire - Asking for a Miracle: Khamenei's Economic Plan". Archived from the original on 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ a b "Khamenei outlines 14-point plan to increase population". Al-Monitor. 2014-05-22. Archived from the original on 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ a b "Iran: Executive, legislative branch officials endorse privatization plan". www.payvand.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ Ali Vafadar (1995). The constitution and political change. p. 559.
- ^ a b "Iranian lawmakers warn Ahmadinejad to accept intelligence chief as political feud deepens". CP. Archived from the original on 2017-08-08. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ a b "BBC NEWS - Middle East - Iranian vice-president 'sacked'". Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2017-01-01.
- ^ Amir Saeed Vakil, Pouryya Askary (2004). constitution in now law like order. p. 362.
- ^ "Did Khamenei block Rouhani's science minister?". Al-monitor.com. 2017-10-23. Archived from the original on 2017-10-24. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
- ^ a b "Khamenei Orders New Supervisory Body to Curtail Government". ASHARQ AL-AWSAT English Archive. 2017-09-25. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2019-07-09.
- ^ "Moussavi vows to 'pay any cost' to fight Iran election results". CNN. 2009-06-15. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11. Retrieved 2017-05-22.
- ^ "شوراي نگهبان افزايش سن رأيدهندگان از 15 سال به 18 سال را تأييد كرد". www.ilna.ir. Archived from the original on 13 May 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "constitution" (PDF). www.wipo.int. Retrieved 26 December 2020..
- ^ Bazzi, Mohamad (12 June 2009). "Iran Elections: Latest News". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2009.
- ^ Constitution of Iran Archived 2018-08-21 at the Wayback Machine Article 115 - Qualifications
- ^ "قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران". Majlis.ir. Archived from the original on 2017-08-04. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
- ^ "functions". www.president.ir. Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
- ^ "Iran's Election Will Change Nothing". Time. Archived from the original on 2017-05-21. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
- ^ "Elections won't change much. Iran still belongs to Khamenei". TRT World. Archived from the original on 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-05-21.