Sash
A sash (from the
or band of material worn around the human body, either draping from one shoulder to the opposing hip and back up, or else encircling the waist. The sash around the waist may be worn in daily attire, but the sash from shoulder to hip is worn on ceremonial occasions only. Ceremonial sashes are also found in a V-shaped format, draping straight from both shoulders down, intersecting and forming an angle over the chest or abdomen.Military use
Old Europe
In the mid- and late-16th century waist and shoulder sashes came up as mark of (high) military rank or to show personal affection to a political party or nation. During the Thirty Years' War the distinctive sash colour of the House of Habsburg was red while their French opponents wore white or blue sashes and the Swedish voted for blue sashes.
Beginning from the end of the 17th century, commissioned officers in the British Army wore waist sashes of crimson silk. The original officer's sash was six inches wide by eighty-eight inches long with a ten-inch (gold or silver) fringe. It was large enough to form a hammock stretcher to carry a wounded officer. From about 1730 to 1768, the officer's sash was worn baudericke wise, i.e. from the right shoulder to the left hip, and afterwards around the waist again.[2]
Sergeants were permitted sashes of crimson wool, with a single stripe of facing colour following the clothing regulations of 1727. Whereas it remained vague whether the sash was to be worn over the shoulder or around the waist, it was clarified in 1747 that sergeants had to wear their sashes around the waist. From 1768, the sergeant's waist sash had one (until 1825) resp. three (until 1845) stripes of facing colour; in regiments with red or purple facings the sergeant's sash had white stripes or remained plain crimson.[3][4]
Until 1914 waist-sashes in distinctive national colours were worn as a peace-time mark of rank by officers of the Imperial German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian armies, amongst others.
The
Modern Europe
Since then sashes have been part of formal military attire (compare the sword-belt known as a baldric, and the cummerbund). Thus several other modern armies retain waist-sashes for wear by officers in ceremonial uniforms. These include the armies of Norway (crimson sashes), Sweden (yellow and blue), Greece (light blue and white), the Netherlands (orange), Portugal (crimson) and Spain (red and gold for generals, light blue for general staff and crimson for infantry officers).[5]
The Spanish
Sashes are a distinctive feature of some regiments of the modern French Army for parade dress. They are worn around the waist in the old Algerian or zouave style ("ceinture de laine"). Traditionally these sashes were more than 4 m (13 ft) in length and 40 cm (16 in) in width. In the historic French Army of Africa, sashes were worn around the waist in either blue for European or red for indigenous troops.[7]
(British) Commonwealth of Nations
The modern
The present-day armies of India and Pakistan both make extensive use of waist-sashes for ceremonial wear. The colours vary widely according to regiment or branch and match those of the turbans where worn. Typically two or more colours are incorporated in the sash, in vertical stripes. One end hangs loose at the side and may have an ornamental fringe. The practice of wearing distinctive regimental sashes or cummerbunds goes back to the late nineteenth century.[8]
Cross-belts resembling sashes are worn by drum majors in the Dutch, British and some Commonwealth armies. These carry scrolls bearing the names of battle honours.
United States of America
In the United States,
Sashes continued to be used in the United States Army for sergeants and officers. In 1821 the red sashes (crimson for officers) were limited to first sergeants and above. In 1872 the sashes were abolished by all ranks but generals who continued to wear their buff silk sashes in full dress until 1917. Waist sashes (in combination with a sabre) in the old style are still worn by the officers and senior NCOs of the Commander-in-Chief's Guard of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard) as well by the West Point Band drum major along with the West Point cadet officers.[11][12] The drum major of the Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps also still wears a waist sash, but no sidearms.
At the time of the
Japan
Japanese officers continued the practice in full dress uniform until 1940.[13]
Presidential sash
A presidential sash is a cloth sash worn by presidents of many nations in the world. Such sashes are worn by presidents in Africa, Asia, Europe and, most notably, in Latin America.
The sash is an important symbol of the continuity of the presidency, and is only worn by the president. Its value as a symbol of the office of the head of state can be compared to that of a
Presidential sashes are usually very colorful and very large and designed to resemble the nation's flag, especially those of Latin American presidents. They are usually worn over the right shoulder to the left side of the hip. The national
Current national leaders
-
Daniel Ortega, President of the Republic of Nicaragua, 2007–present
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Nicolás Maduro, President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 2013–present
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Andres Manuel López Obrador, President of the United Mexican States, 2018–present
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Nayib Bukele, President of the Republic of El Salvador, 2019–present
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President of the Republic of Panama, 2019–present
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Luis Arce, President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, 2020–present
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Luis Lacalle Pou, President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, 2020–present
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Luis Abinader, President of the Dominican Republic, 2020–present
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Chan Santokhi, President of Suriname, 2020–present
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Gabriel Boric, President of the Republic of Chile, 2022–present
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Rodrigo Chaves Robles, President of the Republic of Costa Rica, 2022–present
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Xiomara Castro, President of the Republic of Honduras, 2022–present
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Gustavo Petro, President of the Republic of Colombia, 2022–present
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Dina Boluarte, President of the Republic of Peru, 2022–present
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Santiago Peña, President of the Republic of Paraguay, 2023–present
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Daniel Noboa, President of the Republic of Ecuador, 2023–present
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Javier Milei, President of the Argentine Republic, 2023–present
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Bernardo Arévalo, President of the Republic of Guatemala, 2024–present
Former national leaders
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Raúl Alfonsín, President of the Argentine Republic, 1989–1989
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Carlos Menem, President of the Argentine Republic, 1989–1999
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Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President of the Argentine Republic, 23–30 December 2001 (interm)
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Eduardo Duhalde, President of the Argentine Republic, 2002–2003 (interim)
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Néstor Kirchner, President of the Argentine Republic, 2003–2007
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Mauricio Macri, President of the Argentine Republic, 2015–2019
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Alberto Fernández, President of the Argentine Republic, 2019–2023
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Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé, President of the Republic of Bolivia, 2005–2006 (interim)
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Jeanine Áñez, President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, 2019–2020 (interim)
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Alan García, President of the Republic of Peru, 1985–1990, 2006–2011
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Ollanta Humala, President of the Republic of Peru, 2011–2016
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Martín Vizcarra, President of the Republic of Peru, 2018–2020
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Manuel Merino, President of the Republic of Peru, 10–15 November 2020 (interim)
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Francisco Sagasti, President of the Republic of Peru, 2020-2021
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Pedro Castillo, President of the Republic of Peru, 2021–2022
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Patricio Aylwin, President of the Republic of Chile, 1990–1994
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Ricardo Lagos, President of the Republic of Chile, 2000–2006
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Michelle Bachelet, President of the Republic of Chile, 2006–2010, 2014–2018
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Sebastián Piñera, President of the Republic of Chile, 2010–2014, 2018–2022
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Andrés Pastrana, President of the Republic of Colombia, 1998–2002
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Álvaro Uribe, President of the Republic of Colombia, 2002–2010
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Ivan Duque, President of the Republic of Colombia, 2018–2022
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Rafael Correa, President of the Republic of Ecuador, 2007–2017
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Lenín Moreno, President of the Republic of Ecuador, 2017–2021
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Guillermo Lasso, President of the Republic of Ecuador, 2021–2023
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Fernando Lugo, President of the Republic of Paraguay, 2008–2012
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Federico Franco, President of the Republic of Paraguay, 2012–2013
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Horacio Cartes, President of the Republic of Paraguay, 2013–2018
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Julio María Sanguinetti, President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, 1985–1990, 1995–2000
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Rafael Caldera, President of the Republic of Venezuela, 1969–1974, 1994–1999
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Óscar Arias Sánchez, President of the Republic of Costa Rica, 1986-1990, 2006-2010
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Laura Chinchilla Miranda, President of the Republic of Costa Rica, 2010–2014
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Óscar Berger, President of the Republic of Guatemala, 2004–2008
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Álvaro Colom, President of the Republic of Guatemala, 2008–2012
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Alejandro Maldonado Aguirre, President of the Republic of Guatemala, 2015–2016
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Jimmy Morales, President of the Republic of Guatemala, 2016–2020
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President of the Republic of Panama, 1999–2004
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Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic, 1966–1978, 1986–1996
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Antonio Guzmán, President of the Dominican Republic, 1978–1982
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Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic, 1996–2000, 2004–2012
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Danilo Medina, President of the Dominican Republic, 2012–2020
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Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, President of the United Mexican States, 1994–2000
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Vicente Fox, President of the United Mexican States, 2000–2006
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Franjo Tuđman, President of the Republic of Croatia, 1990–1999
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Dési Bouterse, President of Suriname, 2010–2020
Modern civilian and cultural use
With the genesis of complex systems of military and civilian awards during the 18th century in most European countries, sashes became a distinguishing part of
In
In the
In
In the
Sashes are also worn by:
- Boy Scouts and Girl Guides, with badges sewn onto the sash to indicate Scouting achievements;
- Beauty pageant contestants, to display their region or title.
Sashes are part of the diplomatic uniform of many countries.
Many modern schools of Chinese martial arts use sashes of various colors to denote rank, as a reflection of the Japanese ranking system using belts. The Japanese equivalent of a sash, obi, serves to hold a kimono or yukata together.
Honorific orders
Sashes are indicative of holding the class of
Orders with the sash worn on the left shoulder
Europe:
- Denmark: Order of the Elephant
- Iceland: Order of the Falcon
- Kingdom of Serbia: Order of the White Eagle
- United Kingdom: Order of the Garter
- United Kingdom (Scotland): Order of the Thistle
Asia:
- South Korea: Grand Order of Mugunghwa
- Thailand: Order of the Royal House of Chakri[14]
- Thailand: Order of Chula Chom Klao[15]
- Thailand: Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) on left shoulder but Knight Grand Cross (First Class): right shoulder, for:
Sultanate of Brunei | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Decorations | Post-nominal | Grade | Ribbon | Sources |
The Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei Darjah Kerabat Mahkota Brunei |
DKMB | Recipient | [18] | |
The Most Esteemed Family Order of Laila Utama Darjah Kerabat Laila Utama Yang Amat Dihormati |
DK I | Recipient | [18] | |
The Most Esteemed Family Order of Seri Utama Darjah Kerabat Seri Utama Yang Amat Dihormati |
DK II | Recipient | [18] | |
The Most Eminent Order of Islam Brunei Darjah Seri Ugama Islam Negara Brunei Yang Amat Bersinar |
PSSUB | First Class | [18] | |
The Most Illustrious Order of Paduka Laila Jasa Keberanian Gemilang Darjah Paduka Laila Jasa Keberanian Gemilang Yang Amat Cemerlang |
DPKG | First Class | [19] | |
The Most Exalted Order of Paduka Keberanian Laila Terbilang Darjah Paduka Keberanian Laila Terbilang Yang Amat Gemilang |
DKLT | First Class | [18] | |
The Most Gallant Order of Pahlawan Negara Brunei Darjah Pahlawan Negara Brunei Yang Amat Perkasa |
PSPNB | First Class | [20] | |
The Most Blessed Order of Setia Negara Brunei Darjah Setia Negara Brunei Yang Amat Bahagia |
PSNB | First Class | [21] | |
The Most Distinguished Order of Paduka Seri Laila Jasa Darjah Paduka Seri Laila Jasa Yang Amat Berjasa |
PSLJ | First Class | [22] | |
The Most Honourable Order of Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Darjah Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Yang Amat Mulia |
SPMB | First Class | [23] | |
The Most Faithful Order Order of Perwira Agong Negara Brunei Darjah Perwira Agong Negara Brunei Yang Amat Setia |
PANB | Recipient | [24] | |
PaNB | Recipient | [24] | ||
Federation of Malaysia | ||||
Decorations | Post-nominal | Grade | Ribbon | Sources |
The Most Exalted and Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Malaysia Darjah Kerabat Diraja Malaysia |
DKM | Recipient | [25] | |
The Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara |
DMN | Recipient | [25] | |
Sultanate of Kedah | ||||
The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Kedah Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat Mulia Kedah |
DK | Member | [citation needed] | |
Sultanate of Kelantan | ||||
The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Kelantan (Al-Yunusi Star) Darjah Kerabat Yang Amat di-Hormati (Bintang al-Yunusi) |
DK | Recipient | [citation needed] | |
Sultanate of Negeri Sembilan | ||||
The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan Darjah Kerabat Neegri Sembilan Yang Amat di-Mulia |
DKNS | Member | [citation needed] | |
The Order of Negeri Sembilan - Darjah Negeri Sembilan | ||||
Darjah Tertinggi Negeri Sembilan | DTNS | Paramount | [citation needed] | |
Darjah Mulia Negeri Sembilan | DMNS | Illustrious | ||
Sultanate of Pahang | ||||
The Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Pahang Darjah Kerabat Yang Maha Mulia Utama Kerabat di-Raja Pahang |
DKP | Member (Ahli) | [citation needed] | |
The Most Esteemed Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang Darjah Kerabat Sri Indra Mahkota Pahang Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DK I | Member 1st class | ||
Sultanate of Perak | ||||
The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perak Darjah Kerabat di-Raja Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DK | Member (Ahli) | (before 2001) (after 2001) |
[citation needed] |
The Most Esteemed Perak Family Order of Sultan Azlan Shah Darjah Kerabat Sultan Azlan Shah Perak Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DKSA | Superior class | [citation needed] | |
The Most Esteemed Azlanii Royal Family Order Darjah Yang Teramat Mulia Darjah Kerabat Azlanii |
DKA I | Member First Class | [citation needed] | |
Sultanate of Perlis | ||||
The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perlis Darjah Kerabat di-Raja Perlis Yang Amat Amat di-Hormati |
DKP | Recipient | [citation needed] | |
The M. Est. Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail Darjah Kerabat Perlis Baginda Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail Yang Amat Amat di-Hormati |
DK | Recipient | [citation needed] | |
Sultanate of Selangor | ||||
The Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Selangor - Darjah Kerabat Selangor Yang Amat di-Hormati | ||||
Darjah Kerabat Selangor Pertama | DK I | First Class | [citation needed] | |
Darjah Kerabat Selangor Kedua | DK II | Second Class | [26] | |
Sultanate of Terengganu | ||||
The Most Exalted Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (10/03/1981) Darjah Utama Kerabat di-Raja Terengganu Yang Amat di-Hormati |
DKT | Member (Ahli) | [citation needed] | |
The Most Distinguished Family Order of Terengganu (19/06/1962) Darjah Kebesaran Kerabat Terengganu Yang Amat Mulia |
DK I | Member 1st class Ahli Yang Pertama |
[citation needed] |
Classified examples of current orders' sashes
Colours classified in the order of the rainbow : |
White | Red | Orange | Yellow | Green | Blue | Indigo | Violet | Black |
See also
- Presidential sash
- West Point Cadets' Sword
- Order (honour)
- Phaleristics
- Religious sash
- Livery collar
- O'Higgins Pioche
References
- ^ "sash". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ISBN 978-1-84884-690-6, p. 356, p. 371,
- ^ "British Army Sergeant's Sash, 1727-1826". www.militaryheritage.com. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- ^ (Major) R. (Robert) Money Barnes, Military uniforms of Britain & the Empire: 1742 to the present time, London: Seeley Service & Co, 1960, p. 52.
- ISBN 0-85059-031-0
- ISBN 84-7140-186-X
- ISBN 978-2-352-50104-6
- ISBN 0-946771-98-7
- ^ Keller, Jared (November 16, 2016). "The Strange Case of George Washington's Disappearing Sash". Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ Rogers, James (August 29, 2017). "George Washington's 'rediscovered' Revolutionary War sash on display". Fox News. 21st Century Fox. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ Fredrick Todd, "Cadet Gray: A pictorial history of life at West Point as seen through its uniforms", Sterling Publishing 1955, p. 40
- ^ West Point Band
- ^ Ritta Nakanishi, "Japanese Military Uniforms 1930-1945, 1991 Dai Nippon Kaiga
- ^ Royal Cabinet Website Archived 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Royal Cabinet Website
- ^ Royal Cabinet Website, Order of the White Elephant Archived 2005-09-24 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Royal Cabinet Website, Order of the Crown of Thailand Archived 2007-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e "Darjah Kebesaran Sultan Brunei". Darjah Kebesaran Sultan Brunei. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ "Sultanate - His Majesty's 57th Birthday Celebration Website | His Majesty The Sultan's Birthday | Royal Birthday". www.sultanate.com. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ "The Most Gallant Order of Pahlawan Negara Brunei | Royal Insignia". 2019-06-05. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ "The Most Blessed Order of Setia Negara Brunei | Royal Insignia". 2019-06-05. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ "ODM of Brunei: Order of Merit of Brunei". www.medals.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ "ODM of Brunei: Order of the Crown of Brunei". www.medals.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ a b "ODM of Brunei: Order of the Crown of Brunei". www.medals.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ a b General visual table of decorations
- ^ Selangor Official Website, DK II
Bibliography
- Craig, John (1849), A new universal etymological technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language, p. 620
- Metcalf, Allan A. (1999), The World in So Many Words, Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-95920-9
External links
- Media related to Sashes at Wikimedia Commons
- McCullough, J.J. "Presidential Sashes of the World". Archived from the original on 2018-11-25. Retrieved 2020-08-28.