Stile antico
Stile antico (literally "ancient style", Italian pronunciation:
History
Stile antico has been associated with composers of the high
The term prima pratica was first used during the conflict between Giovanni Artusi and Claudio Monteverdi about the new musical style.[1] For 18th-century composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, stile antico can refer to music composed as late as the early years of that century (e.g. by Antonio Lotti, Pietro Torri), a style Bach would imitate more frequently in his later compositions (starting in the 1730s, up to his death in 1750).[2]
Monteverdi's era
In the early Baroque Claudio Monteverdi and his brother coined the term prima pratica to refer to the older style of Palestrina, and seconda pratica to refer to Monteverdis' music.
At first, prima pratica referred only to the style of approaching and leaving dissonances. In his Seconda parte dell'Artusi (1603), Giovanni Artusi writes about the new style of dissonances, referring specifically to the practice of not properly preparing dissonances (see Counterpoint), and rising after a flattened note or descending after a sharpened note. In another book, his L'Artusi, overo Delle imperfettioni della moderna musica (1600) ("The Artusi, or imperfections of modern music") Artusi had also attacked Monteverdi specifically, using examples from his madrigal "Cruda Amarilli" to discredit the new style.[1]
Monteverdi responded in a preface to his fifth book of madrigals, and his brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi responded in Scherzi Musicali (1607) to Artusi's attacks on Monteverdi's music, advancing the view that the old music subordinated text to music, whereas in the new music the text dominated the music. Old rules of counterpoint could be broken in service of the text. According to Giulio Cesare, these concepts were a hearkening back to ancient Greek musical practice.[1]
18th–19th century
The great composers of the late Baroque all wrote compositions in the stile antico, especially
Late Baroque
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For 18th-century composers such as Bach, stile antico can refer to music composed as late as the early years of that century, for example by Antonio Lotti and Pietro Torri. Bach's interest in this style grew in the 1730s, and in the last two decades of his life (1730s–1740s) he would write in this style more frequently, leading to an outspoken style shift in this composer's work around 1740.[2][3]
Classical era
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Romantic era
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References
Sources
- Stephen R. Miller. "Stile antico", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed March 19, 2006), grovemusic.com(subscription access).
- Claude V. Palisca. "Prima pratica", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed March 19, 2006), grovemusic.com(subscription access).
- Grout, Donald J. A History of Western Music (6th ed.), W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 2001. ISBN 0-393-97527-4
- OCLC 651793960.
Further reading
- ISBN 9780674059269.