Prime Minister of Ethiopia
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Prime Minister of Ethiopia | |
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Style | Honourable Prime Minister (Within Ethiopia) Prime Minister (Informal) His Excellency (Diplomatic) |
Type | Head of Government |
Status | Chair of Council of Ministers Chair of National Security Council Chair of National Economic Council |
Abbreviation | PM |
Member of | Federal Parliamentary Assembly |
Reports to | House of Peoples' Representatives |
Residence | Menelik Palace |
Appointer | President of Ethiopia |
Term length | 5 years term unless Federal Parliamentary Assembly dissolved sooner No term limits specified |
Precursor | Chief Minister of Ethiopia |
Inaugural holder | Habte Giyorgis Dinagde (Chief Minister) Makonnen Endelkachew (Prime Minister) |
Formation | 1909 (Chief Minister) 1943 (Prime Minister) |
Deputy | Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia |
Salary | 3,939,808 Ethiopian birr/73,600 USD annually[1] |
Website | Prime Minister Office - Ethiopia |
The prime minister of Ethiopia is the
Origins and history
The office of prime minister has been consistently used in modern Ethiopian history. Prior to the establishment of modern government institutions, Ethiopia was an
Absolute monarchy era (1270–1931) and Constitutional Monarchy (1931-1974)
The chief minister of Ethiopia
The first head of government at the cabinet level was Habte Giyorgis Dinagde as the emperor's loyal chief minister under Emperor Menelik II. The chief minister was the chair of the cabinet and the Ministry of Defense, who served at the pleasure of the King of Kings, the absolute ruler. In modern Ethiopian history there have been three chief ministers, including Tafari Makonnen under Empress Zewditu and Betwoded Wolde Tzaddick under Emperor Haile Selassie.
The 1931 Constitution of Ethiopia
The office of the prime minister was officially established following the
The 1955 Constitution of Ethiopia
The
The Provisional Military Government (PMG) (1974–1987)
In September 1974 the last emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, was overthrown by a military coup. The military administration abolished the monarchies of Ethiopia and established the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia. The chairman of the Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia was head of the government. From 1974 until 1987 the office of prime minister was not in use until the declaration of 1987 Constitution of Ethiopia which created the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.
The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) (1987–1991)
The prime minister office came into effect following the declaration of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE). The 1987 Constitution of Ethiopia named the prime minister as the head of government and the principal advisor to the president of the people's republic. The prime minister also held the highest rank in the civil service of the central government. The prime minister was formally approved by the National Shengo upon the nomination of the president. In practice, the prime minister was chosen within the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (WPE) through deliberations by incumbent WEP Politburo members and retired WEP Politburo Standing Committee members. The first prime minister of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was Fikre Selassie Wogderess, who served from 1987 to 1989. The last prime minister was Tesfaye Dinka, who fled to the United States in exile following the dissolution of the London peace conference which ended the PDRE and established the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TGE).
Transitional Government of Ethiopia (TEG) (1991–1995)
The end of the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) (1995–present)
A draft of a new constitution was declared in 1995 as
Nomination and appointment of the prime minister
After a general election, the National Election Board of Ethiopia announces the official results. Based on the results the president of Ethiopia nominates the leader of the party with the majority in the House of Peoples' Representatives as Prime Minister Designate of Ethiopia to form the Federal Government of Ethiopia.
The leader of the party must be a member of the House of Peoples' Representatives to be nominated as The Prime Minister Designate of Ethiopia. If no party wins an overall majority, the president of Ethiopia invites the leader of the relative majority (plurality) political party to form a coalition government with other parties.
The prime minister designate must be approved by a two-thirds majority vote of confidence in the House of Peoples' Representatives to be appointed as Prime Minister of Ethiopia. After being appointed, the prime minister presents himself before the House of Peoples' Representatives and makes a declaration of loyalty to the Constitution and the people of Ethiopia.
Security
The prime minister of Ethiopia is the most protected government official. The prime minister's security detail is under the command of the
Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia (DPME)
Article 76 of the constitution states that "The Council of Ministers comprises the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, Ministers and other members as may be determined by law. On Article 75 of the constitution states DPME is responsible to the Prime Minister. The Deputy Prime Minister Carry out responsibilities which shall be specifically entrusted by the Prime Minister. The DPME (Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia) also act on behalf of the Prime Minister in his absence."[citation needed]
See also
References
- ^ Today, Latest Africa News, Headlines & Top Stories (5 November 2018). "African Leaders With The Lowest Salaries". Archived from the original on 22 March 2019.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Article 74(1) Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 1995-08-21. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
- ^ [1] Archived February 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Ethiopia's Meles urges recognition of poll win". ethiomedia.com. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2015-08-25.
External links
Media related to Prime ministers of Ethiopia at Wikimedia Commons