Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht
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Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht | |||||||||||
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| 1024–1528 | |||||||||||
 Coat of arms
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Roman Catholicism (State religion) | |||||||||||
| Government | Ecclesiastical principality | ||||||||||
| Prince-bishop | |||||||||||
• (1024–1026)[a] | Adalbold II of Utrecht | ||||||||||
• (1524–1528)[b] | Henry of the Palatinate | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||
• Lower Lotharingia divided from Lotharingia | 959 | ||||||||||
• Established | 1024 | ||||||||||
| 1075–1122 | |||||||||||
| 1122 | |||||||||||
• Joined the Burgundian Circle | 1512 | ||||||||||
| 1502–1543 | |||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1528 | ||||||||||
• Union of Utrecht signed | 1579 | ||||||||||
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| Today part of | Netherlands | ||||||||||
The Bishopric of Utrecht (Dutch: Sticht Utrecht) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, in the present-day Netherlands. From 1024 to 1528, as one of the prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, it was ruled by the bishops of Utrecht.
The Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht must not be confused with the Diocese of Utrecht, which was larger than the Prince-Bishopric. Over the larger area outside the Prince-Bishopric, the bishop exercised only spiritual, not temporal, authority.
In 1528, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor secularized the Prince-Bishopric, depriving the bishop of its secular authority.
History
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Background
The Diocese of Utrecht was established in 695 when
hagiographies as the successor of Willibrord (and, in turn, Gregory of Utrecht is referred to as the successor to Willibrord and Boniface), this does not necessarily mean "successor as bishop", but rather that they succeeded each other as missionaries to the Frisians.[1]
Foundation
Better times appeared during the reign of the
Oversticht (Upper Sticht, encompassing the present-day provinces of Overijssel, Drenthe, and part of Groningen
).
In 1122, with the
Guelders, between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the Holy See
frequently interfered in the election. After the middle of the 14th century the popes repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters.
It was part of the Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle, until 1548 when it joined the Burgundian Circle as part of the Habsburg Netherlands.
In 1527, the Bishop sold his territories, and thus his secular authority, to Holy Roman
Habsburg dominions. The chapters transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V and his government, a measure to which Pope Clement VII gave his consent, under political pressure after the Sack of Rome
.
Dissolution
The Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht was conquered by Habsburg troops in 1528. The southwestern Nedersticht core territory around the city of Utrecht became the Lordship of Utrecht, whilst the southern part of the Oversticht was transformed into the Lordship of Overijssel. The northern parts were annexed in 1536 as the County of Drenthe.
Prince-bishops
- Adalbold II (1010–1026)
- Bernold (1026/7–1054)
- William I(1054–1076)
- Conrad(1076–1099)
- Burchard(1100–1112)
- Godbald (1114–1127)
- Andreas van Cuijk (1127/8–1139)
- Hartbert (1139–1150)
- Herman van Horne (1151–1156)
- Godfrey van Rhenen (1156–1178)
- Baldwin II van Holland (1178–1196)
- Arnold I van Isenburg (1196–1197)
- Dirk I van Holland (1197)
- Dirk II van Are (van Ahr) (1197/8–1212)
- Otto I van Gelre (1212–1215)
- Otto II van Lippe(1216–1227)
- Wilbrand van Oldenburg(1227–1233)
- Otto III van Holland (1233–1249)
- Gozewijn van Amstel (van Randerath)(1249–1250)
- Henry I van Vianden (1250/2–1267)
- John I of Nassau (1267–1290)
- John II van Sierck (1290–1296)
- Willem II Berthout (1296–1301)
- Guy van Avennes(1301–1317)
- Frederik II van Sierck (1317–1322)
- Jacob van Oudshoorn (1322)
- Jan III van Diest (1322–1340)
- Jan IV van Arkel(1342–1364)
- Jan V van Virneburg(1364–1371)
- Arnold II of Horne (1371–1379)
- Floris van Wevelinkhoven (1379–1393)
- Frederik III van Blankenheim(1393–1423)
- Rudolf van Diepholt (1423–1455)
- Zweder van Culemborg (1425–1433)
- Walraven van Meurs (1434–1448)
- Gijsbrecht van Brederode (1455–1456)
- David of Burgundy (1456–1496)
- Frederick IV of Baden (1496–1517)
- Philip of Burgundy (1517–1524)
- Henry of the Palatinate(1524–1529)
Notes
References
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Dutch and German. (January 2014) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
- ISBN 9782503519111.
Further reading
- Ring, Trudy; Watson, Noelle; Schellinger, Paul, eds. (1995). "Utrecht". International dictionary of historic places. Vol. 2. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 761. ISBN 188496401X.
- Gosses, Izaak H. (1909). "De Bisschop van Utrecht, het Domkapittel en de Groninger Prefect". Bijdragen voor Vaderlandsche Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde (in Dutch). ser.4 v.7. 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff: 25–135. OCLC 560305125. Retrieved 2014-09-15.
External links
- Apostolisch vicarissen van de Hollandse Zending (in Dutch)
- Budde, Paul. "Hamaland, Bishopric (Sticht) Utrecht incl. Oversticht (Drente, Overijssel)". PaulBuddeHistory.com. Archived from the original on 2014-01-18. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
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1 from 1648 2 until 1648 3 without seat in Imperial Diet ? status uncertain
Circles est. 1500: Bavarian, Swabian, Upper Rhenish, Lower Rhenish–Westphalian, Franconian, (Lower) Saxon
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