Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex
Prince Augustus Frederick | |
---|---|
Duke of Sussex | |
Born | 27 January 1773 Buckingham House, London |
Died | 21 April 1843 Kensington Palace, London | (aged 70)
Burial | 4 May 1843 Kensal Green Cemetery, London |
Spouses | |
President of the Royal Society | |
In office 1830–1838 | |
Preceded by | Davies Gilbert |
Succeeded by | Spencer Compton |
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son and ninth child of
Biography
Early life
Augustus Frederick was born on 27 January 1773 at
Augustus Frederick was baptised in the Great Council Chamber at St James's Palace, on 25 February 1773, by Archbishop of Canterbury Frederick Cornwallis. His godparents were the Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (his paternal first cousin once-removed, for whom The Earl of Hertford, Lord Chamberlain, stood proxy), Duke George Augustus of Mecklenburg (his maternal uncle, for whom the Earl of Bristol, Groom of the Stool, stood proxy) and Princess Charles of Hesse-Cassel (his first cousin once-removed, for whom The Viscountess Weymouth, Lady of the Bedchamber to the queen, stood proxy).[3]
Augustus Frederick was tutored at home before being sent to the
First marriage
While travelling in Italy, the prince met Lady Augusta Murray (1768–1830), the second daughter of the 4th Earl of Dunmore. The couple secretly married in Rome on 4 April 1793. The King's minister of Hanover affairs Ernst zu Münster was sent to Italy to escort him back to London.[6]
The couple married again without revealing their full identities at St George's, Hanover Square, Westminster, on 5 December 1793. Both marriages took place without the consent, or even the knowledge, of his father.
In August 1794, the
Duke of Sussex and Knight of the Garter
Augustus Frederick was invested as a
Mistresses
A known mistress was Mrs. Bugge. Sir William Dillon recorded in his diary they were both present with him at a party held by
United Grand Lodge of England
In January 1813, Augustus Frederick became Grand Master of the
George Oliver's Signs and Symbols Illustrated and Explained in a Course of Twelve Lectures on Freemasonry (1837) was dedicated to Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex.[13]
Second marriage
A year after the death of Lady Augusta D'Ameland (Lady Augusta Murray), the Duke of Sussex married a second time on 2 May 1831 (again in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act) to
Later life
In making these remarks I am not presumptuous; but allow me to say, that attached as I am to science – attached as I am to religion, I am satisfied that the real philosopher is the most religious man; and it is in looking to the operations in nature that the finger of the Almighty leads us to the lesson. (16 June 1838)
The Duke of Sussex was the favourite uncle of Queen Victoria. He gave her away at her wedding to
The Duchess of Inverness continued to reside at Kensington Palace until her death in 1873. She was buried next to Prince Augustus.
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 27 January 1773 – 27 November 1801: His Royal Highness Prince Augustus Frederick[11]
- 24 November 1801 – 21 April 1843: His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex[11]
The duke held the subsidiary titles of Earl of Inverness and Baron Arklow.
Honours
- Grand Prior of England of the Order of the Temple[22]
- Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of England, 1813
- Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, 1813–1843
- Knight of the Order of the Garter, 27 June 1786[5]
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, 12 July 1815[5]
- Knight of the Order of the Thistle, 19 July 1830[5]
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, 15 December 1837[5]
- Grand Master of the Order of the Bath, 16 December 1837[5]
- Captain-General and Colonel Honourable Artillery Company[23]
Arms
As a son of the sovereign, the Duke of Sussex had use of the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of three points, the centre point bearing two hearts gules, the outer points each bearing a cross gules.[24]
Issue
Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
By Lady Augusta Murray (married 4 April 1793; annulled) | |||
Augustus Frederick d'Este | 1794 | 1848 | |
Augusta Emma d'Este |
1801 | 1866 | married Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron Truro; no issue. |
By Lady Cecilia Underwood (married 2 May 1831) | |||
no issue |
Ancestors
Ancestors of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3. Princess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | |||||||||||||
14. Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen | |||||||||||||
7. Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen | |||||||||||||
15. Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach | |||||||||||||
See also
Notes
- ^ "Fisher's Colonial Magazine - OBITUARY OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK , DUKE OF SUSSEX . K. G. , K. T. , ETC". 1843. p. 117. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
He espoused the side of the Whigs...
- ^ "Augustus Frederick Duke of Sussex (1773–1843)". royalcollection.org.uk.
- ^ "Yvonne's royalty home page: Royal christenings". users.uniserve.com. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ Unknown (1838). Masonic offering to ... prince Augustus Frederick, duke of Sussex: Volume 5 (Digitized ed.). Oxford University.
- ^ a b c d e f White, Geoffrey H., ed. (1953). The Complete Peerage. Vol. XII, Part 1. St Catherine Press. p. 535.
- Henderson, T.F.(2004). "Augustus Frederick, Prince, duke of Sussex (1773–1843)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. rev. John Van der Kiste. Oxford University Press.
- ISBN 978-1-4088-3254-7.
- ^ "Grosvenor Square: Individual Houses built before 1926 Pages 117-166 Survey of London: Volume 40, the Grosvenor Estate in Mayfair, Part 2 (The Buildings)". British History Online. LCC 1980. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- ^ "No. 15966". The London Gazette. 18 October 1806. p. 1364.
- ^ Beltz, George Frederick (1841). Memorials of the Order of the Garter. William Pickering. p. ccviii – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c "The London Gazette, Issue 15429, Page 1403". 24 November 1801.
- ISBN 978-1904341987.
- ^ Oliver, George (1837). Signs and Symbols Illustrated and Explained in a Course of Twelve Lectures on Freemasonry. New York Public Library: Sherwood, Golbert and Piper, hor, by Bro . Skelton.
- ^ "No. 19842". The London Gazette. 31 March 1840. p. 858.
- ^ a b c The Complete Peerage. Vol. XII, Part II. p. 536.
- The British Library. p. 37.
- ^ "Bookplate of Augustus Frederick, Prince, Duke of Sussex". Rare Books of the Shimeon Brisman Collection in Jewish Studies. Washington University. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2015.
- ^ "The Herschel Dinner". The Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science, and the Fine Arts (532). 6 January 2020.
- ^ Walford, Edward. "St James's Palace Pages 100-122 Old and New London: Volume 4. Originally published by Cassell, Petter & Galpin, London, 1878". British History Online.
- ISBN 0-7538-2090-0.
- ^ "Kensal Green Pages 333-339 Survey of London: Volume 37, Northern Kensington". British History Online. LCC 1973. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
- ^ "Revived and Recently Created Orders". www.heraldica.org. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ "A Victorian volunteer force". hac.org.uk. Honourable Artillery Company.
- ^ Velde, Francois R. "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the currently living Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 5.
External links
- Portraits of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Sussex Correspondence. James Marshall and Marie-Louise Osborn Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.