Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh

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Prince Edward
Duke of Edinburgh (more)
Prince Edward at age 58
Edward in 2022
Born (1964-03-10) 10 March 1964 (age 60)
Buckingham Palace, London, England
Spouse
(m. 1999)
Issue
  • Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor
  • James Mountbatten-Windsor, Earl of Wessex
Names
Edward Antony Richard Louis[a]
HouseWindsor
FatherPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
MotherElizabeth II
EducationJesus College, Cambridge (BA)

Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh,

line of succession to the British throne
and is now 14th.

Born at

Really Useful Theatre Company
before assisting in television production. He later formed his own company, Ardent Productions.

Edward stepped down from the company in 2002 to begin full-time duties as a working member of the

Duke of Edinburgh's Award
, which centres around fitness, wellbeing and community service.

Edward was created

life peerage
, a dukedom previously held by their father, who died in 2021, then briefly by Charles himself.

Early life and education

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, at the opening of the 1978 Commonwealth Games
in Edmonton, Canada

Prince Edward was born at 8:20 p.m. on 10 March 1964 at

Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. He is the most recent child to be born to a reigning British monarch. His birth was the only one witnessed by his father.[6] He was baptised on 2 May 1964 in the private chapel at Windsor Castle.[7]

As with his three older siblings,

Upon his return to the United Kingdom, Edward studied at

Post-university

Royal Marines

After graduating in 1986, Edward joined the Royal Marines, who had reportedly sponsored his tuition at Cambridge on condition of future service.[14] He had signed up to join the Royal Marines in September 1983.[15] In January 1987, he dropped out of the commando course having completed one-third of the 12-month training. Media reported that Prince Philip, who was the Captain General Royal Marines, was displeased,[16] but Prince Edward later said that his father had not put undue pressure on him to change his mind.[12] Others stated that Philip was the most sympathetic family member toward his son's decision.[17] Buckingham Palace said that Edward's decision came after "much consideration" and that he was leaving with great regret "but has concluded that he does not wish to make the service his long-term career".[18]

Theatre and television

After leaving military service, Edward opted to pursue a career in entertainment. He commissioned the 1986 musical Cricket from Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, for his mother's 60th birthday celebration, which led to a job offer at Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatre Company, where he worked as a production assistant on musicals such as The Phantom of the Opera, Starlight Express, and Cats.[19] While there he met actress Ruthie Henshall, whom he dated for three years.

Edward's first foray into television production was the programme The Grand Knockout Tournament, informally known as It's a Royal Knockout, on 15 June 1987, in which four teams sponsored by him, his siblings Anne and Andrew, and Andrew's wife Sarah competed for charity. The programme was criticised by the media and the public, and it was later reported that the Queen was not in favour of the event, with her courtiers having advised against it.[20] The programme raised over £1,500,000 for its selected charities.[21]

Ardent Productions

In 1993, Edward founded the television production company Ardent Productions.[22] Ardent was involved in the production of a number of documentaries and dramas,[23] but Edward was accused in the media of using his royal connections for financial gain,[24] and the company was referred to by some industry insiders as "a sad joke" due to a perceived lack of professionalism in its operations. Andy Beckett, writing in The Guardian, opined that "to watch Ardent's few dozen hours of broadcast output is to enter a strange kingdom where every man in Britain still wears a tie, where pieces to camera are done in cricket jumpers, where people clasp their hands behind their backs like guardsmen. Commercial breaks are filled with army recruiting advertisements".[22]

Ardent's productions were better received in the United States

Prince William, in September 2001, when he was studying at the University of St Andrews, which went against industry guidelines regarding the privacy of members of the royal family;[27] William's father (Edward's elder brother Charles) was reportedly angered by the incident.[28] In March 2002, Edward announced that he would step down as production director and joint managing director of Ardent[22] to concentrate on his public duties and to support the Queen during her Golden Jubilee year. Ardent Productions was voluntarily dissolved in June 2009, with assets reduced to just £40.[29]

Marriage and children

Edward and Sophie in Stockholm for the wedding of Princess Madeleine and Christopher O'Neill, 2013

Edward met

Sophie Rhys-Jones for the first time in 1987 when he was dating her friend.[30] They met again at a promotion shoot for the Prince Edward Summer Challenge to raise money for charity in 1993, and the two began their relationship soon afterwards.[6][31] In December 1993 and amid growing speculation about whether they were planning to marry, Edward wrote a letter to newspaper editors, in which he denied any wedding plans and asked the media to respect their privacy.[32] Edward proposed to Sophie on holiday in the Bahamas in December 1998 and their engagement was announced on 6 January 1999.[6][33] Edward proposed to Sophie with an Asprey and Garrard engagement ring worth an estimated £105,000: a two-carat oval diamond flanked by two heart-shaped gemstones set in 18-carat white gold.[34]

Their wedding took place on 19 June 1999 in

royal dukes
.

Sophie had an

country seat is Bagshot Park; their office and official London residence is at Buckingham Palace.[41]

Activities

in 2010.

The Earl and Countess of Wessex established their foundation, the Wessex Youth Trust, in 1999, with a focus on helping, supporting and advancing registered charities which provide opportunities specifically for children and young people.[42] His patronages include: the British Paralympic Association,[43] the International Real Tennis Professionals Association,[44] the Commonwealth Games Federation,[45][46] BadmintonScotland,[47] the Tennis and Rackets Association,[48] City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and Chorus,[49][50] London Mozart Players,[51] Haddo House Choral and Operatic Society,[52] Northern Ballet,[53][54] the Edinburgh International Festival,[55] the Royal Birmingham Conservatoire,[56] the Production Guild,[57] and the National Youth Theatre.[58]

The Earl of Wessex assumed many duties from his father, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, as Prince Philip reduced his commitments before retiring from royal duties. Prince Edward opened the

Duke of Edinburgh's Award (DofE) scheme, attending Gold Award ceremonies around the world.[61]

In September 2007, the Earl visited Israel in his capacity as Chairman of the International Council of the

Duke of Edinburgh's Award.[62] Edward was himself a recipient of the Award's gold medal in 1986 for "a 60-mile, four-day trek from Blair Atholl to Tomintoul" that he had planned.[63] He has been a trustee of the DofE since 1988 and of the International Award since 2006. Edward later went on to become Chair of trustees of the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award in 2015,[64] and was named patron of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 2023.[65] He has promoted the charity's work on different occasions.[66][67][68][69] Edward is also a trustee of the International Award Association, which "encompasses the DofE UK and all its other 61 National Award Authorities across the globe".[70] He was also Chairman of the DofE's international council and in 1999 founded the International Special Projects Group "to provide a capital fund to broaden the reach of the Award".[71] In 2018, Edward, as patron of the Tennis and Rackets Association, played on all 50 real tennis courts around the world and raised over £2 million for the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme.[72]

Edward opening a youth centre at Yate, Gloucestershire, in 2011

In June 2011, Edward visited

Bahraini royal family and Prime Minister. Given concern about human rights abuses in Bahrain, this gift attracted controversy, with calls for the jewels to be sold, and the proceeds used for the benefit of the Bahraini people.[74] In February and March 2012, the couple visited the Caribbean for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. The itinerary consisted of Saint Lucia; Barbados, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Grenada; Trinidad and Tobago; Montserrat; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda. Highlights included Independence Day celebrations in Saint Lucia,[75] addressing Senate and Assembly of Barbados jointly,[76]
and a visit to sites affected by the volcanic eruptions in Montserrat.

In 2013, the couple visited South Africa.

XXI Commonwealth Games and attend fundraising events for those participating in the Duke of Edinburgh Award challenges.[86][87]

Edward visiting a youth theatre programme in Salisbury, Australia

Twenty years after its inception, the Wessex Youth Trust changed its name to the Earl and Countess of Wessex Charitable Trust, managed by the

private office of the Earl and Countess of Wessex and Forfar. The trust will continue to develop sustainable relationships with a range of selected partner charities, and will expand its remit beyond supporting children and young people.[88]

In July 2019, the Earl and Countess visited Forfar on their first official visit to the royal burgh since the Queen granted Prince Edward the additional title Earl of Forfar in March 2019.[89] The Earl was presented with 'Earl of Forfar' tartan, which was designed by Forfar's Strathmore Woollen Company to celebrate their new titles.[90][91][92] In 2020, he took over the patronage of London Youth from his father who had held the position for 73 years.[93]

In February 2022, Edward was appointed president of the

the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award in the country.[95] In April 2022, the Earl and Countess of Wessex and Forfar toured Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Antigua and Barbuda to mark the Queen's Platinum Jubilee.[96] Their planned visit to Grenada was postponed after talks with the island's government and governor-general, and the couple expressed their hopes to visit the country on a later date.[97] In 2022 and in recognition of his role as patron of the Production Guild, the Earl of Wessex Award was created as part of the Guild's inaugural Talent Showcase to recognise UK film and TV organisations who have created "a successful way of inspiring local talent or skills, widening access or being more inclusive."[98][99] After he was created Duke of Edinburgh on his 59th birthday, Edward and Sophie visited Edinburgh to meet with members of the Ukrainian and Eastern European communities in the city, some of whom were displaced following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[100] Edward became patron of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award upon being raised to the dukedom.[101]

In the media

In 1999, Edward was criticised by Labour MPs John Cryer and Lindsay Hoyle for comments he made during an interview with The New York Times, in which he stated that in Britain "They hate anyone who succeeds" and "America is where the money is".[102][103] The criticism prompted him to issue a statement, clarifying "that offending the British public was the very last thing I would have wanted to do".[103]

In 2011, close associates of Jonathan Rees, a private investigator connected to the News International phone hacking scandal, stated that he had penetrated Edward and Sophie's bank accounts and sold details about them to the Sunday Mirror.[104]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Royal monogram of Prince Edward

Until his marriage, Edward was known as "His Royal Highness The Prince Edward". On 19 June 1999, he became "His Royal Highness The Earl of Wessex". Buckingham Palace announced the intention that Edward would eventually be created

merged in the Crown upon the death of both his parents.[105] On 10 March 2019, his 55th birthday, Edward was granted the additional title of Earl of Forfar for use in Scotland.[106][107][108] On his 59th birthday, 10 March 2023, Edward was created Duke of Edinburgh, thus becoming "His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh".[109][110] His ducal title is not hereditary, so it will revert to the crown on his death.[111]

In 1994, the Independent Royalist Party of Estonia, aspiring to make Estonia a monarchy, sent a letter to Queen Elizabeth II requesting permission to crown Prince Edward as King of Estonia. The letter had called Edward a "young British prince much admired by Estonians", adding the party "would be most honoured if you would accept this rare request". Buckingham Palace declined the offer, saying that it was "a charming idea but a rather unlikely one".[112][113]

Arms

Coat of arms of the Duke of Edinburgh
Notes
The Duke's personal
royal arms with a label for difference
Adopted
1983
Coronet
That of a son of the Sovereign
Crest
The Coronet of a son of the Sovereign Proper, thereon a Lion statant gardant Or crowned of the Same charged with a Label as in the Arms.
Escutcheon
Quarterly, 1st and 4th, Gules three Lions passant guardant in pale Or armed and langed Azure; 2nd, Or a Lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a Double Tressure flory counterflory of the Second; 3rd, Azure a Harp Or stringed Argent; over all a Label Argent, charged on the centre point with a Tudor Rose.
Supporters
Dexter, a Lion rampant gardant Or imperially crowned Proper; Sinister, a Unicorn Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or, gorged with a Coronet Or composed of Crosses pattées and Fleurs de lis a Chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or.
Orders
The Garter circlet;
motto: Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shame be to him who thinks evil of it).
Other elements
As Master of the Gardeners' and Fuellers' Companies, Prince Edward could impale his livery company arms (dexter) with his personal arms (sinister).
Banner
Royal Arms of Canada defaced with a blue Roundel surrounded by a Wreath of Gold Maple Leaves within which is a depiction of an "E" surmounted by a Royal Coronet, and above the Roundel is a white Label of three points, the centre one charged with a Tudor Rose.[114][115]
Symbolism
As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom, the first and fourth quarterings are the arms of England, the second of Scotland and the third of Ireland.
Other versions
Scottish version of the Duke's arms as a Knight of the Order of the Thistle.

Ancestry

Filmography

Television
Year Title Role
1996 Edward on Edward host, associate producer
1996 Castle Ghosts of Scotland executive producer
1996 Castle Ghosts of Ireland executive producer
1997 Network First producer (1 episode)
1998 Crown and Country host, executive producer
1999 Stars Over Mississippi executive producer
2000 When Cameras Cross the Line executive producer
2000 Once Upon a Christmas producer
2001 Tales from the Tower executive producer
2001 Varian's War executive producer
2001 Twice Upon a Christmas executive producer
2003 Out of the Ashes executive producer
2015 Whatever Happened to the Windsors? narrator

See also

  • List of British princes

Notes

  1. ^ Edward does not usually use a family name but when one is needed, it is Mountbatten-Windsor.[1] The middle name Louis is pronounced /ˈli/.

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External links

Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
Born: 10 March 1964
Lines of succession
Preceded by
Ernest Brooksbank
Succession to the British throne
14th in line
Followed by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Earl of Wessex
1999–present
Incumbent
Heir:
Earl of Wessex
Earl of Forfar
2019–present
New creation Duke of Edinburgh
2023–present
Incumbent
Heir:
none
(
Life peerage
)
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Gentlemen
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh
Followed by
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Bath
2013–present
Incumbent