Baroda State
State of Baroda | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1721–1949 | |||||||||||
Capital | Baroda (Vadodara) | ||||||||||
Religion | Hinduism (State) Islam Jainism Christianity Zoroastrianism | ||||||||||
Demonym(s) | Baroda | ||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||
Raja | |||||||||||
• 1721 – 1732 (first) | Pilaji Rao Gaekwad | ||||||||||
• 1939 – 1949 (last)[a] | Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1721 | ||||||||||
• Independence of India | 1949 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | independence of India in 1947) | ||||||||||
Baroda State was kingdom within the
History
Early history
Baroda derives its native name Vadodara from the
The
Thus the Baroda State was founded in 1721, when the
Princely state
Following the death of Sir
Malharrao spent money liberally, nearly emptying the Barodan state coffers (he commissioned a pair of solid gold cannon and a carpet of pearls, among other expenses) and soon reports reached the Resident of Malharrao's gross tyranny and cruelty. Malharrao further attempted to cover up his deeds by poisoning the Resident, Colonel
Kashirao and his three sons, Anandrao (1857–1917), Gopalrao (1863–1938) and Sampatrao (1865–1934) walked to Baroda from Kavlana-a distance of some 600 kilometres - to present themselves to Jamnabai.
Eventually, Gopalrao was selected by the British Government as successor and was accordingly adopted by Maharani Jamnabai, on 27 May 1875. He was also given a new name, Sayajirao. On 16 June 1875, he ascended the throne as Sayajirao Gaekwad III, but being a minor, reigned under a Council of Regency until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers on 28 December 1881. founding numerous institutions,
20th century
Various important state institutions were founded in the early 20th century, including the
By the beginning of the 20th century, the relations of the British with the four largest princely states—
Dr.
In 1937, the
Finally on 5 November 1944 the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency was merged with the Western India States Agency (WISA) to form the larger Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States Agency.
After the
Koli revolt
The
In
Baroda State Railway
The state owned the
In late 18th century, the Baroda state established a Naval set up at
When political alignments changed, after the Second Anglo-Maratha war, a joint expedition of British and Barodan state troops under Colonel Walker, then resident of Baroda, approached
Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda
- Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
- Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
- Sayaji Rao I Gaekwad (1768–1778)
- Fateh Singh Rao Gaekwad (1778–1789)
- Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
- Govind Rao Gaekwad (1793–1800)
- Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
- Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)
- Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
- Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
- Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
- Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
- Pratap Singh Rao Gaekwad (1939–1951); ruled from 1939 to 1947, serving as nominal ruler to his death in 1951
Titular Maharajas
- Twenty-sixth Amendment of the Constitution of India by Indira Gandhi's government.
Later heads of family
- Ranjitsinh Pratapsinh Gaekwad (1988–2012; pretender)
- Samarjitsinh Gaekwad (2012–present; pretender)
Present line of succession to the Baroda throne
The Gaekwad dynasty follows the standard of male primogeniture in matters of succession. The present line of succession is as follows:
- Shrimant Prince (Maharajkumar) Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad, the Heir Presumptive (6 August 1941–). Uncle of the present Maharaja.
- Shrimant Maharajkumar Pratapsinhrao Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad (26 August 1971–). Only son of Sangramsinhrao Gaekwad.
- Shrimant Rajkumar Sayajirao Khanderao Gaekwad (6 April 1947–). Great-grandson of Sayajirao Gaekwad III by the Maharaja's younger son Shivajirao (1890–1919) and through Shivajirao's son Khanderao (1916–1991). Has two daughters.
- Shrimant Rajkumar Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad (28 September 1948–). Younger brother of Sayajirao Khanderao Gaekwad. Has two sons.
- Shrimant Shivajirao Anandrao Gaekwar (21 September 1983–). Elder son of Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad.
- Shrimant Udaysingh Anandrao Gaekwar (3 December 1990–). Younger son of Anandrao Khanderao Gaekwad.
- Shrimant Kr Jeetendrasinh Gautamsinhrao Gaekwad (4 Nov 1960–), son of Late Professor Shrimant Gautamsinhrao Bhadrasinhrao Gaekwad (1936–2006). Great Grandnephew of Maharaja Sir Sayajirao III. Great Grandson of the Maharaja's late elder brother 'Senapati' Anandrao, Himmat Bahadur, CIE (1857–1917). Grandson of Anandrao's son 'Rajyakarya Dhurandhar' 'Dewan' 'Barrister' Bhadrasinhrao Anandrao Gaekwad, CIE (1896–1946).
- Shrimant Satyajitsinhrao Duleepsinhrao Gaekwad (3 March 1962–). Great-grandnephew of Sayajirao Gaekwad III through the Maharaja's elder brother Anandrao, Himmat Bahadur, CIE (1857–1917), through Anandrao's son Chandrasinhrao (born 1894–?) and through his grandson Duleepsinhrao (b. c. 1920–?)
- Shrimant Yudeepsinhrao Satyajitsinhrao Gaekwad (2001–). Son of Satyajitsinhrao.
Orders of chivalry
The Royal House of Baroda awards the Most Noble Order of the Rising Sun in three grades, classed as Udayaditya, Vikramaditya, and Arunaditya. This order of chivalry was established during the reign of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III.[24] Being made of gold, the breast star is arranged as follows:
Twenty four centrifugally arranged petal-shaped diamond studded strips alternating with shorter but similar strips, fanning out from two red enamelled, diamond-bordered circles, inscribed at the top Satyameva Jayate (Truth Shall Triumph). Within the inner circle a diamond encrusted Sirpech (pagri-shaped crown with royal pendant-shaped decoration rising upwards from the front of the crown) resting on a diamond encrusted sword below, which, on a strip of red enamel, the inscription in gold, Vadodara Raj (Baroda State)[24]
Diwans of Baroda
List of Diwans of Baroda:[25]
- Bhau Shinde – (17 November 1867 – 24 November 1869)
- Nimbaji Rao Dhole (acting) – (25 November 1869 – November 1870)
- Hariba Dada – (November 1870 – March 1871)
- Gopal Rav Mairal – (22 March 1871 – 1872)
- Balwant Rao Bhicaji Rahurakar – (1872–72) (4 months)
- Balvantrav Khanvelkar – (November 1872 – March 1873)
- Shivaji Rao Khanvelkar – (5 March 1873 – 4 August 1874)
- Dadabhai Naoroji – ( 4 August 1874 – 7 January 1875)
- Rajah Sir T. Madhava Rao – (16 May 1875 – 28 September 1882)
- Khan Bahadur Kazi Shahabuddin – (29 September 1882 – 31 July 1886)
- Diwan Bahadur Lakshman Jagannath Vaidya– (1 August 1886 – 30 May 1890)
- Diwan Bahadur Manibhai Jashbhai– (31 May 1890 – 21 November 1895)
- Diwan Bahadur S. Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar– (15 July 1895 – 2 July 1901)
- Diwan BahadurR. V. Dhamnaskar – (3 October 1901 – 30 June 1904)
- Kersaspji Rustamji Dadachanji – (1 July 1904 – 28 February 1909)
- Romesh Chunder Dutt, I.C.S – (1 June 1909 – 30 November 1909)
- Rahim Suleman Theba, I.C.S – (1 December 1909 – 3 January 1912)
- Behari Lal Gupta, I.C.S – (4 January 1912 – 16 March 1914)
- V. P. Madhava Rao – (17 March 1914 – 7 May 1916)
- Manubhai Nandshankar Mehta – (8 May 1916 – 1927)
- V. T. Krishnamachari – (1927–1944)
- Bhadrasinh Anandrao Gaekwar – (1944–1945)
- Sir Brojendra Lal Mitter – (1945–1947)
- Sakharam Amrit Sudhalkar – (October 1947 – June 1948)
- Jivraj Narayan Mehta – (1 June 1948 – 1 May 1949)
Historiography
In 2007, Gujarat State Department of Archives started digitising 600,000 files, including Baroda state registers, prints, maps, abhinandan patra or maan patra (felicitation letters) offered to the erstwhile King by different provincial states and organisation, aagna patrika (gazette), huzur orders, and volumes of letters exchanged and agreements of the princely state with other provincial states and the British Raj, currently housed at the 'Southern Circle Record Office' at Vadodara, where a permanent exhibition had also been set up.[26]
See also
- Koli rebellions
- Political integration of India
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- Maratha Empire
- Red Ensign
Further reading
- Foote, Robert Bruce (1898). The geology of Baroda State. Addison.
- Mukerjea, Satyavrata. Baroda State. Government Printing, 1921.
- Gadre, A. S. (2007). Important Inscriptions from the Baroda State – (Volume 1). READ BOOKS. ISBN 978-1-4067-1136-3.
- Gupte, Balkrishna Atmaram (1922). Selections from the Historical records of the Hereditary minister of Baroda, consisting of letters from Bombay, Baroda, Poona and Satara governments. University of Calcutta.
- F. A. H. Elliot. The Rulers of Baroda. Baroda State Press 1934. ASIN B0006C35QS.
- Gense, James (1939). The Gaikwads of Baroda. D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co 1942. ASIN B0007K1PL6.
- Kothekara, Santa. The Gaikwads of Baroda and the East India Company, 1770–1820. Nagpur University. ASIN B0006D2LAI.
- Gaekwad, Fatesinghrao * Biography of Maharaja Sayajirao III by Daji Nagesh Apte (1989). Sayajirao of Baroda: The Prince and the Man. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-0-86132-214-5.
- Gaekwar, Sayaji Rao. Speeches and addresses of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja Gaekwar of Baroda. H. Milford 1933. ASIN B000855T0I.
- Rice, Stanley (1931). Life of Sayaji Rao III, Maharaja of Baroda. Oxford university press 1931. ASIN B00085DDFG.
- Clair, Edward (1911). A Year with the Gaekwar of Baroda. D. Estes & co 1911. ASIN B0008BLVV8.
- MacLeod, John (1999). Sovereignty, Power, Control: Politics in the State of Western India, 1916–1947. Brill Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-11343-6.
- Kamerkar, Mani. British Paramountcy: British-Baroda Relations, 1818-1848. Popular Prakashan. ASIN B000JLZE6A.
- Kooiman, Dick (2002). Communalism and Indian Princely States: Travancore, Baroda and Hyderabad in the 1930s. Manohar Pubns. ISBN 978-81-7304-421-2.
- Desai, Govindbhai. Forty Years in Baroda: Being Reminiscences of Forty Years' Service in the Baroda State. Pustakalaya Sahayak Sahakari Mandal 1929. ASIN B0006E18R4.
- Maharaja of Baroda (1980). The Palaces of India. Viking Pr. ISBN 978-0-00-211678-7.
- Doshi, Saryu (1995). The royal bequest: Art treasures of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery. India Book House. ISBN 978-81-7508-009-6.
- Moore, Lucy (2005). Maharanis; the extraordinary tale of four Indian queens and their journey from purdah to parliament. Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-03368-5.
Notes
- Republic of India
References
- ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7, page 25". dsal.uchicago.edu. Digital South Asia Library. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Rulers Farewell Message". The Indian Express. 1 May 1949.
- ^ Gazetteer, p. 25
- ^ Gazetteer, p. 26
- ^ Gazetteer, p. 31, 32
- ^ a b c "280 years ago, Baroda had its own Navy". The Times of India. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012.
- ^ Gazetteer, 32
- ^ "DEPOSITION OF THE GAEKWAR OF BARODA". The Times of India. 26 April 1875.
- ISBN 9781570035449.
- Imperial Gazetteer of Indiavol. IV (1907), p. 92.
- ISBN 978-81-206-1965-4.
- ^ "Baroda City of Palace". The Pittsburgh Press. 14 August 1927.
- ^ "Gaekwad's Star of the South diamond sold". The Times of India. 28 March 2007. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012.
- ^ Ambedkar, Dr. Bhimrao (1991). Waiting for a Visa (PDF). Mumbai: Dept. of education, Government of Maharashtra. pp. 4071–4090. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ History of the State of Gujarat
- ^ which had been fourth class states in the Mahi Kantha Agency.
- ISBN 90-04-11343-6; p. 160
- ^ "Gaekwar Inaugurates Responsible Government". The Indian Express. 5 September 1948.
- ^ "Kher's Appeal to people &Service for Cooperation". The Indian Express. 2 May 1949.
- ^ Dharaiya, Ramanlal Kakalbhai (1970). Gujarat in 1857. New Delhi, India: Gujarat University. pp. 38 – 40 – 52.
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- ^ ISBN 978-1-897829-19-6.
- ISBN 9788120619654.
- ^ "Erstwhile Gaekwad state's archives being digitised". The Indian Express. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012.
Citations
- "Baroda State". Clarendon Press. 1908. pp. 25–84.
External links
- Genealogy of princely states of Baroda at Queensland University
- Coins of Baroda State