Princess Märtha of Sweden

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Princess Märtha Louise of Norway.
Märtha of Sweden
Crown Princess of Norway
Akershus Castle
, Norway
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1929)​
Issue
Names
Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra[1]
HouseBernadotte
FatherPrince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
MotherPrincess Ingeborg of Denmark
Arms of Princess Märtha of Sweden and Norway

Princess Märtha of Sweden (Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra; 28 March 1901 – 5 April 1954) was

Harald V
, is her only son. As Olav only became king in 1957, Märtha never became Queen of Norway.

Princess Märtha was also an elder sister of

Queen Astrid of Belgium and a maternal aunt of Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg and Kings Baudouin and Albert II of Belgium
.

Early life

Princess Märtha (right) with her mother and sisters

Märtha was born at her parents' home of

Haakon VII of Norway
.

Märtha had an elder sister,

Prince Carl Bernadotte. Märtha grew up to be much more confident and outgoing and so the daughter most admired by her mother.[2]

As a child, Märtha was taught at home by private tutors and completed in-depth courses in childcare and first aid.[3] She and her sisters were occasionally seen shopping unaccompanied on the streets of Stockholm.[4]

Crown Princess

During the

Frederik VIII of Denmark's younger sister. News of the engagement was very well received: it was taken as a sign that there was no longer any tension following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden. An excellent match in terms of strengthening royal ties, it was also clearly a match based on love.[1] Initially, her younger sister, Astrid, was expected to marry Olav being younger than Olav by two years, while Märtha was two years older. Astrid was also considered more beautiful, but she instead married the future King of the Belgians Leopold III
.

husband
and elder daughter Princess Ragnhild

Following a year-long engagement, she married Crown Prince Olav in

Harald (b. 1937).[1]

Crown Princess Märtha soon became a popular and respected member of the royal family, later undertaking a range of official engagements and she also gave many speeches, unusual for royal females in that era.[1]

Crown Prince Olav and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway resided at the country estate of Skaugum, which was a wedding gift from Baron Fritz Wedel Jarlsberg. When the main house at Skaugum was destroyed by fire in 1930, the Crown Princess took active involvement in its rebuilding.[1]

Tragedy struck Crown Princess Märtha in 1935 when her sister, the Queen of the Belgians,[5] was killed in a car crash; the two siblings had been very close. Later King Olav said that it took his wife more than ten years to come to terms with her sister's death, and he did not think that she ever really got over it. She – together with her elder sister Margaretha – became a great support for her sister's children in Belgium.

In 1939, shortly before the outbreak of

Franklin Roosevelt and his wife, Eleanor. During this visit, the royal couple conducted an extensive tour of the Upper Midwest, where many Norwegian immigrants were settled. Also during their US tour, Crown Princess Märtha was initiated, together with her lady-in-waiting Ragni Østgaard, into the Delta Zeta sorority being pinned at the University of North Dakota
by Delta Zeta national president Myrtle Graeter Malott.

In 1938 upon the death of her mother-in-law, Queen Maud, Crown Princess Märtha became the royal Norwegian court's senior lady.[1]

World War II

Crown Princess Märtha contributed greatly towards Norway mobilizing for self-defence by making a public announcement on 26 January 1940 when she encouraged Norwegian women to participate in the mobilization work.[6] During the flight from the German invasion in 9–10 April 1940, the Norwegian government decided that the Crown Princess and her children were to flee across the border to her native Sweden while her husband and father-in-law remained. Upon their arrival at the Swedish border, they were first denied entry because they could not provide passports; she then instructed her driver to run through the border gate, thus gaining entry into her native Sweden.[7]

In Sweden she stayed at first at a tourist hotel in

Gustav V of Sweden, telegraphed her father-in-law King Haakon and advised against the trip, but Märtha insisted on accepting the invitation.[7] Roosevelt sent the US Army transport American Legion to the then Finnish port city of Petsamo to pick her up. In the U.S., she and her children initially stayed at the White House. Crown Prince Olav, however, accompanied his father to the United Kingdom
with the Norwegian government-in-exile. Thus the Norwegian royal couple, like many other couples during that time, were separated for much of the war.

Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, Eleanor Roosevelt (center), and Thomas J. Watson

In August 1941, Crown Princess Märtha traveled with President Roosevelt aboard the presidential yacht, USS Potomac, and sailed to Newfoundland and the Atlantic Charter meetings with Winston Churchill.

The friendship that the Crown Prince and Crown Princess had cultivated with the Roosevelts was further developed during the war years. In 1942, the US presented the

exiled Norwegian forces with the gift of the submarine chaser HNoMS King Haakon VII. This ship was launched by Crown Princess Märtha, when she gave a speech in support of Norwegian liberation.[6] Her work to assist the American Red Cross and on behalf of Norwegian interests greatly impressed Roosevelt and influenced his "Look to Norway" speech in 1942. Novelist and essayist Gore Vidal later asserted that Crown Princess Märtha was Roosevelt's "last love".[8]
Roosevelt's son James stated that "There was no question that Martha was an important figure in Father's life during the war ... there is a real possibility that a true romantic relationship developed between the president and the princess."[9] Roald Dahl, later a well-known author and then a young RAF fighter pilot assigned to Washington, seems to have agreed:

"Dahl was inclined to think that all the smoke indicated a real fire ... [Dahl wrote] 'The President has it in his mind that he would like to sleep with her.'"[10]

Princess Märtha spent much of World War II in the United States, where she worked tirelessly to keep up support for Norway among the American public and government. Trygve Lie wrote about her war-work:

"During those years of struggle, she was undeniably Norway's Ambassador Number 1, because of her charm, humanity, wisdom and tact. As Secretary of Foreign Affairs I had to turn to her many times, and the results she achieved and the advice she offered, were always of value."[7]
Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav

In 1942, during her father-in-law's birthday celebrations in London, Märtha was invested by

Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav, stating that her appointment to the order was "not because you are a Crown Princess, but because you have earned it."[7]

Post-war period

When she returned to Norway following the war in 1945, Princess Märtha received a hero's welcome and was referred to as "Mother of the Nation". She wholly embraced her role as Crown Princess of Norway and made tremendous efforts towards ensuring the stability and well-being of all Norwegians.

As

King Haakon
's health declined, the Crown Prince and Crown Princess assumed a growing number of official engagements. The Crown Princess became involved in many official tasks, and even made the annual New Year's Eve speeches in 1946 and 1950. [1]

After the war, Crown Princess Märtha suffered from poor health.[1]

Death

Following a lengthy period of ill-health, Märtha died at

Akershus Castle.[11] Her death is often attributed to cancer or hepatitis.[12][13]

Her death came whilst her elder daughter Princess Ragnhild was expecting her first child and just over three years before her husband ascended the throne as

King.[1]

Legacy

A 970,000 km² area in Antarctica is named Princess Martha Coast in her honor.

A statue of the

Princess Astrid in 2008. This church, Kronprinsesse Märthas kirke is named after her.[citation needed
]

Crown Princess Märtha’s Memorial Fund is a charitable trust administered by the Norwegian Crown. The Crown Princess's youngest daughter, Princess Astrid, serves as chairperson. Initially established as Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Märtha’s Fund on 1 April 1929, the fund "is to provide financial support to social and humanitarian initiatives carried out by non-governmental organizations." In 2005, the Fund had assets of approximately 28 million Norwegian krone (NOK), and issued grants totaling about 1.5 million NOK for roughly 300 recipients.[14]

Her son

King Harald V named his daughter Princess Märtha Louise
after her grandmother.

The popular Swedish layer Princess cake was named for Märtha and her two sisters when they were children.

The ship

hotel ship in Stockholm.[15]

Märtha is depicted in the historical docudrama television miniseries Atlantic Crossing, a co-production of Cinenord and the state broadcaster, NRK.[16]

Ancestry

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Crown Princess Märtha (1901-1954)". Norwegian Royal House. Archived from the original on 2018-06-16. Retrieved 2018-09-25.
  2. OCLC 690838160
    .
  3. ^ "Princess Märtha (1901-54)". Swedish Royal Court.
  4. ^ www.kungligaslotten.se
  5. ^ www.monarchie.be
  6. ^
    OCLC 681997708
    .
  7. ^ a b c d Langslet, Lars Roar (2020-10-27). "Märtha Sofia Lovisa Dagmar Thyra". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian Bokmål).
  8. ISBN 0-679-44038-0
    .
  9. ISBN 9780684804484
    .
  10. ^ Conant, Jennet. The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington. Simon & Schuster. New York. 2008. pp. 137
  11. ^ www.burkespeerage.com
  12. ^ "Princess Martha of Norway Dies". The Central New Jersey Home News. 5 April 1954. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  13. ^ "MARTHA OF NORWAY ILL; Crown Princess Undergoes Repeated Blood Transfusions". The New York Times. 16 March 1954. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  14. ^ Royal House web page on Crown Princess Märtha’s Memorial Fund Archived 2008-04-08 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 6 November 2007
  15. ^ "Static ships: Kronprinzessin Martha". Cruiseship Odyssey. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
  16. IMDb Edit this at Wikidata

Bibliography

External links

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