Principality of Samos
Principality of Samos Sisam İmâreti () | |||||||||
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1834–1912 | |||||||||
Greek Orthodoxy, Sunni Islam | |||||||||
Government | Principality | ||||||||
Prince of Samos | |||||||||
• 1834–1850 (first) | Stefan Bogoridi | ||||||||
• 1912 (last) | Grigorios Vegleris | ||||||||
Legislature | Assembly of Samos | ||||||||
Senate | |||||||||
Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | 1834 | ||||||||
• Official act of Union with Greece | 1912 | ||||||||
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Today part of | Greece |
The Principality of Samos (
Tributary to the
With the outbreak of the First Balkan War, Themistoklis Sofoulis landed on the island with a group of exiled Samians and swiftly took control: the Ottoman garrison withdrew to Anatolia, and on 24 November 1912, the island's parliament officially declared union with Greece. The unification took place officially on 2 March 1913.[citation needed]
History
During the
The ancient capital, which bore the name of the island, was situated on the south coast at the modern Tigani, directly opposite to the promontory of Mycale, the town itself adjoining the sea and having a large artificial port, the remains of which are still visible, as are the ancient walls that surrounded the summit of a hill which rises immediately above it, and now bears the name of Astypalaea. This formed the acropolis of the ancient city, which in its flourishing times covered the slopes of Mount Ampelus down to the shore. The aqueduct cut through the hill by Polycrates may still be seen. From this city, a road led direct to the far-famed temple of Hera, which was situated close to the shore, where its site is still marked by a single column, but even that bereft of its capital. This fragment, which has given to the neighbouring headland the name of Capo Colonna, is all that remains standing of the temple that was extolled by Herodotus as the largest he had ever seen, and which vied in splendour as well as in celebrity with that of Diana at Ephesus. Though so little of the temple remains, the plan of it has been ascertained, and its dimensions found fully to verify the assertion of Herodotus, as compared with all other Greek temples existing in his time, though it was afterwards surpassed by the later temple at Ephesus.[3]
The modern capital of the island was, until early in the 20th century, at a place called Khora, about 2 miles (3.2 km) from the sea and from the site of the ancient city; but since the change in the political condition of Samos the capital has been transferred to Vathy, situated at the head of a deep bay on the north coast, which has become the residence of the prince and the seat of government. Here a new town has grown up, well built and paved, with a convenient harbour.[3]
Samos was celebrated in ancient times as the birthplace of Pythagoras. His name and figure are found on coins of the city of imperial date. It was also conspicuous in the history of art, having produced in early times a school of sculptors, commencing with Rhoecus and Theodorus, who are said to have invented the art of casting statues in bronze. Rhoecus was also the architect of the temple of Hera.[3] The vases of Samos are among the most characteristic products of Ionian pottery in the 6th century. The name Samian ware, often given to a kind of red pottery found wherever there are Roman settlements, has no scientific value. It is derived from a passage in Pliny,[4] Another famous Samian sculptor was Pythagoras, who migrated to Rhegium.[3]
The authors of the "Samos" article in the
Pro-Greek agitation and the reaction of the pro-autonomy faction led to increased tensions, and in May 1908 the Prince,
List of Princes of Samos
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | From | Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stephanos Vogoridis | 1775 | 1859 | January 1833 | 1850 | ||
Alexandros Kallimachis | 1800 | 1876 | 1850 | 1854 | ||
Ion Ghica | 1817 | 1897 | April 1854 | 1859 | ||
Miltiadis Aristarchis | 1809 | 1893 | 1859 | 1866 | ||
Pavlos Mousouros | 1810 | 1876 | 1866 | 1873 | ||
Georgios Georgiadis (acting) | 1866 | 1873 | 1873 | |||
Konstantinos Adosidis | 1818 | 1895 | 1873 | 1874 | ||
Konstantinos Photiadis | 1830 | 1897 | 1874 | 1879 | ||
Konstantinos Adosidis (again) | 1818 | 1895 | 4 March 1879 | 1885 | ||
Alexandros Karatheodoris | 1833 | 1906 | 1885 | 1895 | ||
Georgios Verovits
|
1845 | 1895 | 1896 | |||
Stephanos Mousouros | 1841 | 1906 | July 1896 | 1899 | ||
Konstantinos Vagianis | 1846 | 1919 | 7 March 1899 | 1900 | ||
Michail Grigoriadis | 1841 | 16 August 1900 | 1902 | |||
Alexandros Mavrogenis | 1845 | 1929 | 12 March 1902 | 5 May 1904 | ||
Ioannis Vithynos | 1847 | 1912 | 5 May 1904 | 1906 | ||
Konstantinos Karatheodoris | 1841 | 1922 | July 1906 | September 1907 | ||
Georgios Georgiadis | 1866 | August 1907 | January 1908 | |||
Andreas Kopasis | 1856 | 1912 | January 1908 | 22 March 1912 | ||
Grigorios Vegleris | 1862 | 1948 | April 1912 | August 1912 |
Notes
- Clarendon Press. p. 113.
- ^ a b c Bunbury, Caspari & Gardner 1911, p. 116.
- ^ a b c d e Bunbury, Caspari & Gardner 1911, p. 117.
- ^ Bunbury, Caspari & Gardner 1911, p. 117 Pliny N.H. xxxv. 160 sqq.
References
- Attribution
public domain: Bunbury, Edward Herbert; Caspari, Maximilian Otto Bismarck; Gardner, Ernest Arthur (1911). "Samos". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–117.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in theExternal links
- Η Σάμος Αυτόνομη Ηγεμονία (1834-1912) (in Greek). Municipality of Samos. Retrieved 19 May 2012.