Principality of Serbia
Principality of Serbia Княжество Сербіа Књажество Србија | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1815–1882 | |||||||||||
Anthem: Востани Сербије Miloš Obrenović I | |||||||||||
• 1868–1882 (last) | Milan Obrenović IV | ||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||
• 1815–1816 (first) | Petar Nikolajević | ||||||||||
• 1880–1882 (last) | Milan Piroćanac | ||||||||||
Legislature | None (rule by decree) (1815–1838) National Assembly (1838–1882) | ||||||||||
History | |||||||||||
• Recognition by the Sublime Porte | 1815 | ||||||||||
15 February 1835 | |||||||||||
• de facto independence | 1867 | ||||||||||
13 July 1878 | |||||||||||
1882 | |||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||
1815[1] | 24,440 km2 (9,440 sq mi) | ||||||||||
1834[1] | 37,511 km2 (14,483 sq mi) | ||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||
• 1815[1] | 322,500–342,000 | ||||||||||
• 1834[1] | 702,000 | ||||||||||
• 1874[1] | 1,353,000 | ||||||||||
ISO 3166 code | RS | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | Serbia |
The Principality of Serbia (
Background and establishment
The Serbian revolutionary leaders—first
At first, the principality included only the territory of the former
Political history
Constitutions
- 1835 Sretenje Constitution, in effect 1835
- 1838 Constitution of Serbia, in effect 1838–69
- 1869 Constitution of Serbia, in effect 1869–88
Autonomy
- Akkerman Convention (7 October 1826), treaty between the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire, contained article 5 on Serbia: autonomy, and return of lands removed in 1813, Serbs were also granted freedom of movement through the Ottoman Empire. Rejected by Mahmud II in 1828.
- 1829 hatt-i sharif
- 1830 hatt-i sharif
- 1833 hatt-i sharif
Administrative divisions
The principality was divided into seventeen districts known as Okrug which were then divided into a number of cantons, known as Sres, according to the size of the district. The Principality had a total of sixty-six Sres.[5]
Military
The Armed Forces of the Principality of Serbia was the armed forces of the Principality of Serbia. Founded in 1830, it became a standing army to take part to the First and Second Serbo Turkish Wars of 1876-1878, the first conflict in the nation modern history, after which the country gained its full independence. It was succeeded by the Royal Serbian Army.
Demographics
In the first decades of the principality, the population was about 85% Serb and 15% non-Serb. Of those, most were Vlachs, and there were some Muslim Albanians, which were the overwhelming majority of the Muslims that lived in Smederevo, Kladovo and Ćuprija. The new state aimed to homogenize of its population. As a result, from 1830 to the wars of the 1870s in which Albanians were expelled from the country, it has been estimated that up to 150,000 Albanians that lived in the territories of the Principality of Serbia had been expelled.[6] In 1862 more than 10,000 Muslims were expelled to Ottoman Bulgaria and Ottoman Bosnia.[7] During the Serbian–Ottoman Wars of 1876–1878, the Muslim population was expelled from the Sanjak of Niš.
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1834 | 678,192 | — |
1841 | 828,895 | +22.2% |
1843 | 859,545 | +3.7% |
1846 | 915,080 | +6.5% |
1850 | 956,893 | +4.6% |
1854 | 998,919 | +4.4% |
1859 | 1,078,281 | +7.9% |
1863 | 1,108,668 | +2.8% |
1866 | 1,216,219 | +9.7% |
1878 | 1,669,337 | +37.3% |
Name | 1866 Census | % population |
---|---|---|
Ethnicities | ||
Serbs | 1,057,540 | 87% |
Vlachs (Romanians) | 127,326 | 10.5% |
Roma (Gypsies) | 25,171 | 2.1% |
Others | 5,539 | 0.5% |
Religion | ||
Orthodox | 1,205,898 | 99.20% |
Islam | 6,498 | 0.54% |
Catholic | 4,161 | 0.31% |
Others | 0.2% |
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The Principality of Serbia in 1817
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The Principality of Serbia in 1833
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The Principality of Serbia from 1833–1878
Rulers
The Principality was ruled by the Obrenović dynasty, except for a period under Prince Aleksandar of the Karađorđević dynasty. Princes Miloš and Mihailo Obrenović each reigned twice.
Portrait | Name | Birth | Death | From | Until | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miloš Obrenović I
|
March 17, 1780 | September 26, 1860 | November 6, 1817 | June 25, 1839 | ||
Milan Obrenović II
|
October 21, 1819 | July 8, 1839 | June 25, 1839 | July 8, 1839 | son of Miloš Obrenović I | |
Mihailo Obrenović III
|
September 16, 1823 | June 10, 1868 | July 8, 1839 | September 14, 1842 | son of Miloš Obrenović I | |
Aleksandar Karađorđević | October 11. 1806 | May 3. 1885 | September 14, 1842 | December 23, 1858 | ||
Miloš Obrenović I
|
March 17, 1780 | September 1860 | December 23, 1858 | September 26, 1860 | ||
Mihailo Obrenović III
|
September 16, 1823 | June 10, 1868 | September 26, 1860 | June 10, 1868 | ||
Milan Obrenović IV
|
August 22, 1854 | February 11, 1901 | June 10, 1868 | March 6, 1882 |
See also
- History of Serbia
- List of orders, decorations, and medals of the Principality of Serbia
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-52256-4.
- ISBN 978-3845291000. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ The Institute of History et al. 2020, p. 137.
- ^ Stanford J. Shaw and Ezel Kural Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Volume 2: Reform, Revolution and Republic—The Rise of Modern Turkey, 1808–1975 (Cambridge University Press, 1977), p. 148.
- ^ Mijatović 1872, p. 265.
- ISBN 978-3030051921. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Özkan, Ayşe. "The Expulsion of Muslims from Serbia after the International Conference in Kanlıca and Withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Serbia (1862-1867)". Akademik Bakış.
Sources
- Mijatović, E.L. (1872). The History of Modern Serbia. W. Tweedie.
- The Institute of History, B.S.U.R.R.C.; Aleksandar Rastović, A.C.; Vučetić, B.; Tatjana Ćosović, Z.M.V. (2020). War, Peace and Nation building (1853 to 1918). Institute of History. ISBN 978-86-7743-140-2.
Further reading
- ISBN 9781405142915.
- Divac, Zorica. "Family and marital affairs in 19th century Serbia." Glasnik Etnografskog instituta SANU 54 (2006): 219–232.
- Frucht, Richard, ed. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism (2000) online
- ISBN 9780521252492.
- MacKenzie, David (1996). "The Serbian Warrior Myth and Serbia's Liberation, 1804-1815". Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies. 10 (2): 133–148.
- MacKenzie, David (2004). "Jovan Ristić at the Berlin Congress 1878". Serbian Studies: Journal of the North American Society for Serbian Studies. 18 (2): 321–339.
- Meriage, Lawrence P. (1978). "The First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813) and the Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Eastern Question" (PDF). Slavic Review. 37 (3): 421–439. S2CID 222355180.
- ISBN 9781850654773.
- ISBN 9783643106117.
- Rajić, Suzana (2010). "Serbia - the Revival of the Nation-state, 1804-1829: From Turkish Provinces to Autonomous Principality". Empires and Peninsulas: Southeastern Europe between Karlowitz and the Peace of Adrianople, 1699–1829. Berlin: LIT Verlag. pp. 143–148. ISBN 9783643106117.
- Radovan Samardžić (1982). Greek-Serbian Cooperation, 1830-1908: Collection of Reports from the Second Greek-Serbian Symposium, 1980. Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies.
- ISBN 9781850655510.
- Temperley, Harold W. V. (1919). History of Serbia (PDF). London: Bell and Sons.
- Zens, Robert W. (2012). "In the Name of the Sultan: Haci Mustafa Pasha of Belgrade and Ottoman Provincial Rule in the Late 18th Century". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (1): 129–146. S2CID 162893473.
Other languages
- ISBN 9782825119587.
- Milićević, Milan (1876). Кнежевина Србија: географија, орографија, хидрографија, топографија, аркеологија, историја, етнографија, статистика, просвета, култура, управа.
- Jovan Ristić (1898). Diplomatska istorija Srbije za vreme srpskih ratova za oslobođenje i nezavisnost: Drugi rat 1875-1878. Slovo ljubve.
- Катић, Бојана Миљковић. Пољопривреда Кнежевине Србије:(1834-1867): Agriculture of the Principality of Sebia (1834-1867). Vol. 65. Istorijski institut, 2014.
- Mrđenović, Dušan, ed. (1988). "Устави и владе Кнежевине Србије". Устави и владе Кнежевине Србије, Краљевине Србије, Краљевине СХС и Краљевине Југославије (1835-1941). Belgrade: Nova knj.
- Јагодић, Милош. Насељавање Кнежевине Србије: 1861-1880: Settlement of the Princedom of Serbia: 1861–1880. Vol. 47. Istorijski institut, 2004.
- Katić, Bojana Miljković. "Сеоско професионално занатство Кнежевине Србије (1834-1866)." Историјски часопис 62 (2013): 309–329.
- Stranjaković, Dragoslav. Politička propaganda Srbije u jugoslovenskim pokrajinama: 1844-1858 godine. Štamparija Drag. Gregorića, 1936.
- Stranjaković, Dragoslav. Jugoslovenski nacionalni i državni program Kneževine Srbije iz 1844 god. Srpska manastirska štamparija, 1931.
- Stranjaković, Dragoslav., 1932. Srbija pijemont južnih slovena, 1842–1853. Nar. štamparija.
- Petrović, V., and N. Petrović. "Građa za istoriju Kneževine Srbije, vreme prve vlade kneza Miloša Obrenovića." Beograd, knjiga prva 1821 (1815).
- Nikolić, Dragan K. Izvori i priroda krivičnog prava Kneževine Srbije u vreme pripreme krivičnog zakona. 1988.
- Arsić, M. "Crkvene matične knjige u propisima Kneževine Srbije." Arhivski pregled 1.4 (2000): 52–5.
- Leovac, Danko Lj. Србија и Русија за време друге владавине кнеза Михаила:(1860-1868). Diss. Универзитет у Београду, Филозофски факултет, 2014.
- Slavenko Terzić; Slavko Gavrilović (1992). Srbija i Grčka: (1856-1903) : borba za Balkan. Istorijski institut. ISBN 9788677430030.
- Недељко, В. "AUTONOMY OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE PRINCIPALITY OF SERBIA AND THE ARONDATION OF THE EPISCOPACIES (1831-1836)." Istraživanja: Journal of Historical Researches 25 (2016): 233–248.
- Popović, Radomir J. "Пројект Устава Србије Матије Бана из 1846. године." Мешовита грађа 34 (2013): 149–171.
- Ђорђевић, Тихомир. "Насељавање Србије, за време прве владе кнеза Милоша Обреновића (1815-1839)." Гласник Српског географског друштва 5 (1921): 116–139.
- Маринковић, Мирјана, and Терзић Славенко. Турска Канцеларија Кнеза Милоша Обреновића, 1815–1839. Историјски институт САНУ, 1999.
- Кандић, Љубица. "Делатност скупштина за време прве владе Милоша Обреновића." Анали Правног факултета у Београду 1 (1961).
- Radoš Ljušić (1986). Кнежевина Србија (1830-1839). Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti. ISBN 9788670250253.