Productive nanosystems
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This article needs to be updated.(January 2024) |
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In 2007, productive nanosystems were defined as functional
Present-day technologies are limited in various ways. Large atomically precise structures (that is, virtually defect-free) do not exist. Complex 3D nanoscale structures exist in the form of folded linear molecules such as DNA origami and proteins. As of 2018, it was also possible to build very small atomically precise structures using scanning probe microscopy to construct molecules such as FeCO[3] and Triangulene, or to perform hydrogen depassivation lithography.[4] But it is not yet possible to combine components in a systematic way to build larger, more complex systems.
Principles of physics and examples from nature both suggest that it will be possible to extend atomically precise fabrication to more complex products of larger size, involving a wider range of materials. An example of progress in this direction would be Christian Schafmeister's work on
Stages of progress in nanotechnology
In 2005, Mihail Roco, one of the architects of the USA's National Nanotechnology Initiative, proposed four states of nanotechnology that seem to parallel the technical progress of the Industrial Revolution, of which productive nanosystems is the most advanced.[6]
1. Passive nanostructures - nanoparticles and nanotubes that provide added strength, electrical and thermal conductivity, toughness, hydrophilic/phobic and/or other properties that emerge from their nanoscale structure.
2. Active
3. Complex
4. Systems of nanosystems/Productive nanosystems - these will be complex nanosystems that produce atomically precise parts for other nanosystems, not necessarily using novel nanoscale-emergent properties, but well-understood fundamentals of manufacturing. Because of the discrete (i.e. atomic) nature of matter and the possibility of exponential growth, this stage is seen as the basis of another industrial revolution. There are currently many different approaches to building productive nanosystems: including top-down approaches like Patterned
A fifth step, info/bio/nano convergence, was added later by Roco. This is the convergence of the three most revolutionary technologies, since every living thing is made up of atoms and information.
See also
References
- ^ "Technology Roadmap for Productive Nanosystems" (PDF).
- ^ "Integrated Nanosystems for Atomically Precise Manufacturing Workshop – August 5-6, 2015 | Department of Energy". www.energy.gov. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
- ^ "Single-Bond Formation and Characterization with a Scanning Tunneling Microscope | Researchgate". www.researchgate.com. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
- ^ "Atomically Precise Manufacturing: The Opportunity, Challenges, and Impact| Researchgate". www.researchgate.com. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
- ^ "Request Rejected". www.chem.pitt.edu. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "International Perspective on Government Nanotechnology Funding in 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-31.
- ^ "Zyvex presentation by John Randall: Atomically Precise Manufacturing will happen: The case for this decade" (PDF).
- ^ "Nanofactory Collaboration".
- ^ "Molecular lego," Schafmeister, C. E., Scientific American, 2007, 296, 76