Progress Party (Norway)

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Progress Party
Fremskrittspartiet
1 / 39
Website
frp.no

The Progress Party (

national conservative faction.[2][3] After the 2017 parliamentary election, it was Norway's third largest political party, with 26 representatives in the Storting.[34] It was a partner in the government coalition led by the Conservative Party from 2013 to 2020.[35]

The Progress Party focuses on

2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Progress Party has been amenable to receiving Ukrainian refugees.[41]

The Progress Party was founded by Anders Lange in 1973 as an anti-tax protest movement. Its development was greatly influenced by Carl I. Hagen, the party's long-standing leader between 1978 and 2006.[42][43] Siv Jensen served as the party leader between 2006 and 2021, when in February 2021 she announced that she would be stepping down at the next party convention in May.[44] She was succeeded by her deputy leader, Sylvi Listhaug on 8 May 2021.[45]

History

Anders Lange's Party

Anders Lange, the founder of party

The Progress Party was founded at a meeting at the movie theater Saga Kino in

right-wing political editor and public speaker.[46] Lange held his first public speech as chairman of ALP at Youngstorget in Oslo on 16 May the same year. ALP was to a large extent inspired by the Danish Progress Party,[48] which was founded by Mogens Glistrup. Glistrup also spoke at the event, which gathered around 4,000 attendees.[49]

Originally, Anders Lange wanted the party to be an anti-tax protest movement rather than a common political party. The party had a brief political platform on a single sheet of paper that on one side listed ten things the party was "tired of", and on the other side ten things that they were in favour of.

Norwegian parliament. The main reasons for the success has later been seen by scholars as a mixture of tax protests, the charisma of Anders Lange, the role of television, the aftermath of the 1972 European Community membership referendum and the political development in Denmark.[52] The first party conference was held in Hjelmeland in 1974, where the party established its first political conventions.[53]

Progress Party and Carl I. Hagen

In early 1974, Kristofer Almås, Deputy Member of Parliament

social services and long queues at hospitals.[58]

1980s: establishing the party

Carl I. Hagen, party leader for nearly three decades from 1978 to 2006

While the Progress Party dropped out of parliament altogether in 1977, it returned in the following 1981 parliamentary election with four representatives. In this election, the political right in general had a great upturn, which garnered the Progress Party increased support.[57] The ideology of the party was sharpened in the 1980s, and the party officially declared that it was a libertarian party at its national convention in Sandefjord in 1983.[59][60] Until then, the party had not had a clearly defined ideology.[citation needed] In the campaign for the 1985 parliamentary election, the party attacked many aspects of the Norwegian welfare state, and campaigned for privatization of medical care, education and government-owned enterprises as well as steep cuts in income tax.[61] In the election, the party lost two of its four members of parliament, but was left with some power as they became the kingmaker. In May 1986, the party used this position to effectively throw out the governing Conservative-led government after it had proposed to increase gas taxes. A minority Labour government was established as a result.[54]

The first real breakthrough for the party in Norwegian politics came in the

Mustafa-letter", a letter read out by Hagen during the electoral campaign that portrayed the future Islamisation of Norway.[54][64] In April 1988 the party was for the first time the second largest party in Norway in an opinion poll with 23.5%.[57] In September 1988, the party further proposed in parliament for a referendum on the immigration policy, which was regarded by political scientists as the start of the party's 1989 election campaign.[65] In 1989, the party made its breakthrough in national politics. In the 1989 parliamentary election, the party obtained 13%, up from 3.7% in 1985, and became the third largest party in Norway. It started to gain power in some local administrations. The first mayors from the party were[66] Håkon Rege in Sola (1988–1989),[67] Bjørn Bråthen in Råde (1990–1991)[68] and Peter N. Myhre in Oslo (1990–1991).[69]

1990s: libertarian-wing schism and consolidation

Further information: 1994 Progress Party national convention

The

homosexual partnership.[73] The party's unclear stance on Norwegian membership of the European Union also contributed greatly to the setback, by moving the focus away from the party's stronger issues such as during the 1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum.[74]

While many of the libertarians, including

independents. This was because Hagen had given them an ultimatum to adhere to the political line of the party majority and parliamentary group, or else to leave.[57] This incident was later nicknamed "Dolkesjø", a pun on the name of the hotel, with "dolke" meaning to "lit. stab (in the back) /betray".[76]

These events have been seen by political scientists as a turning point for the party.

right-wing populist profile, which resulted in its gaining electoral support.[55]

In the

1995 Norwegian Association meeting at Godlia kino.[79][80] The latter particularly gained the party many sympathy votes, as a result of the harsh media storm targeted against Hagen.[81] In the 1997 parliamentary election, the party obtained 15.3% of the vote, and for the first time became the second largest political party in Norway. The 1999 local elections resulted in the party's first mayor as a direct result of an election, Terje Søviknes in Os
. 20 municipalities also elected a deputy mayor from the Progress Party.

2000–2001: turmoil and expulsion of populists

While the Progress Party had witnessed close to 35% support in opinion polls in late 2000,[citation needed] its support fell back to 1997 levels in the upcoming election in 2001. This was largely a result of turmoil surrounding the party. The party's deputy leader Terje Søviknes became involved in a sex scandal, and internal political conflicts came to the surface;[82] Hagen had already in 1999 tried to quiet the most controversial immigration opponents in the parliamentary party, who had gained influence since the 1994 national convention.[43] In late 2000 and early 2001, opposition to this locally in Oslo, Hordaland and Vest-Agder sometimes resulted in expulsions of local representatives.[43] Eventually Hagen also, in various ways, got rid of the so-called "gang of seven" (syverbanden), which consisted of seven members of parliament.[83] In January 2001, Hagen claimed that he had seen a pattern where these had cooperated on several issues,[84] and postulated that they were behind a conspiracy to eventually get Øystein Hedstrøm elected as party chairman.[85] The seven were eventually suspended, excluded from or voluntarily left the party, starting in early 2001.[55] They most notably included Vidar Kleppe (the alleged "leader"), Dag Danielsen, Fridtjof Frank Gundersen, as well as Jan Simonsen.[83] Only Hedstrøm remained in the party, but was subsequently kept away from publicly discussing immigration issues.[86]

This again caused turmoil within the party; supporters of the excluded members criticized their treatment, some resigned from the party,

Democrats, with Kleppe as chairman and Simonsen as deputy chairman. Though the "gang of seven" took controversial positions on immigration, the actions taken against them were also based on internal issues;[89][90] it remains unclear to what degree the settlement was based primarily on political disagreements or tactical considerations.[91] Hagen's main goal with the "purge" was an attempt to make it possible for non-socialist parties to cooperate in an eventual government together with the Progress Party.[55] In 2007, he revealed that he had received "clear signals" from politicians in among other the Christian Democratic Party, that government negotiations were out of the question so long as certain specific Progress Party politicians, including Kleppe and Simonsen (but not Hedstrøm), remained in the party.[92] The more moderate libertarian minority in Oslo, including Henning Holstad, Svenn Kristiansen and Siv Jensen, now improved their hold in the party.[93]

2001–2005: Bondevik II years

In the

Labour Party government of Jens Stoltenberg and replace it with a three-party coalition led by Christian Democrat Kjell Magne Bondevik. However, the coalition continued to decline to govern together with the Progress Party as they considered the political differences too large. The Progress Party eventually decided to tolerate the coalition, as it promised to invest more in defence, open more private hospitals and open for more competition in the public sector.[94] In 2002 the Progress Party again advanced in the opinion polls and for a while became the largest party.[95][96]

The local elections of 2003 were a success for the party. In 36 municipalities, the party gained more votes than any other; it succeeded in electing the mayor in only 13 of these,[97] but also secured 40 deputy mayor positions.[98] The Progress Party had participated in local elections since 1975, but until 2003 had only secured a mayoral position four times, all on separate occasions. The Progress Party vote in Os—the only municipality that elected a Progress Party mayor in 1999—increased from 36.6% in 1999 to 45.7% in 2003. The party also became the single largest in the counties of Vestfold and Rogaland.[99]

In the

Red-Green Coalition, Hagen had before the election said that his party would no longer accept Bondevik as Prime Minister, following his consistent refusal to formally include the Progress Party in government.[100][101] For the first time the party was also successful in getting members of parliament elected from all counties of Norway, and even became the largest party in three: Vest-Agder, Rogaland and Møre og Romsdal.[55] After the parliamentary elections in 2005, the party also became the largest party in many opinion polls. The Progress Party led November 2006 opinion polls with a support of 32.9% of respondents, and it continued to poll above 25 percent during the following years.[102][103][104][105]

2006–2021: Siv Jensen

Siv Jensen in Copenhagen, 2006
Siv Jensen, leader of the Progress Party from 2006–2021
Solberg's Cabinet in 2018

In 2006, after 27 years as leader of the party, Hagen stepped down to become Vice President of the Norwegian parliament

Stortinget. Siv Jensen was chosen as his successor, with the hope that she could increase the party's appeal to voters, build bridges to centre-right parties, and head or participate in a future government of Norway. Following the local elections of 2007, Progress Party candidates became mayor in 17 municipalities, seven of these continuing on from 2003. Deputy mayors for the party however decreased to 33.[106] The party in general strongly increased its support in municipalities where the mayor had been elected from the Progress Party in 2003.[107]

In the months before the

in 2009, with three representatives.[112] This made it the fourth largest party in the Sami parliament, and second largest of the nationwide parties. In the 2009 informal school elections, it became the largest party in Norway with 24% of the votes.[113]

While other parties before had refused the Progress Party's efforts to join governing coalitions at the national level owing to concerns about the party's alleged populism and positions on immigration issues,[114][97] after the election the Conservative Party stated they wanted to be "a bridge between the Progress Party and the centre."[115] The position arose as the Progress Party vowed to not support any government coalition that it itself was not a part of,[116] while centrist parties rejected participating in a government coalition together with the party.[117][118]

Since early 2010, opinion polls regularly showed a majority support for the Progress Party and Conservative Party together.[119][120][121][122] The Progress Party however saw a strong setback for the 2011 local elections. The party lost 6% in vote share, while the Conservative Party gained 9%. According to political scientists, most of the setback could be explained by a low turnout of Progress Party supporters.[123][124]

In coalition with the Conservative Party, the party won the 2013 parliamentary election and helped form its first ever government, the Solberg's Cabinet, although the Progress Party itself lost seats and is now the third largest party instead of the second largest.[125][126] The parties won renewed support for the government in the 2017 parliamentary election, which was expanded to include the centrist Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party in 2018.

The Progress Party withdrew from the government coalition in January 2020. The cause of the withdrawal was repatriation to Norway of a Norwegian citizen who volunteered in the

Islamic State. The position of the Progress Party was that no such person should receive assistance to return to Norway. The Solberg cabinet undertook the repatriation despite the protests from the Progress Party, over what they considered humanitarian considerations.[127]

2021–present: Sylvi Listhaug

In February 2021, Jensen announced that she would stand down as party leader. She was replaced by former deputy leader and immigration minister Sylvi Listhaug in May 2021. Listhaug had previously been endorsed as a potential future leader by both Jensen and former chairman Carl I. Hagen.[128][129][130]

Ideology and political positions

The party officially identifies itself in the preamble of its platform as a

libertarian")[131] party, built on Norwegian and Western traditions and cultural heritage, with a basis in a Christian understanding of life and humanist values.[132] Its main declared goal is a strong reduction in taxes and government intervention.[132]

Many within the party reject the description of the party as liberal. The party has a wing that identifies itself as

right-wing populist,[6][23][139][140][141][142] to the disagreement of the party and some observers, including former Prime Minister Erna Solberg.[143][144][145] Some academics have also described the Progress Party as far-right.[16]

The core issues for the party revolve around immigration, crime,

social security in regards to health and care for the elderly. The party is regarded as having policies on the right in most of these cases, both fiscally and socially, though in some cases, like care for the elderly, the policy is regarded as being on the left.[146] It has been claimed that the party changed in its first three decades, in turn from an "outsider movement" in the 1970s, to American-style libertarianism in the 1980s, to right-wing populism in the 1990s.[77][147] From the 2000s, the party has to some extent sought to moderate its profile in order to seek government cooperation with centre-right parties.[148] This has been especially true since the expulsion of certain members around 2001, and further under the lead of Siv Jensen from 2006,[149] when the party has tried to move and position itself more towards conservatism and also seek cooperation with such parties abroad.[150] The party values are officially focused on civil liberties, individualism and limited government.[151] A local group within the party, centered around Oslo, expressed a desire for a more nationalistic policy, inspired by the Centre Party. They emphasize patriotism and openly prioritize the interests of Norway and the Norwegian people in a "Norway first" policy. They also promote a complete halt to non-western immigration, and express support for climate change denial.[135][136] The party has often criticised and called for a reduction of Norwegian foreign aid.[152] The program of the party considers humanitarian action abroad to be preferable, when possible, to receiving refugees from affected areas.[153][154]

Health care

The party has for decades been a proponent for shortening wait times for hospital treatment in Norway.

Solberg Cabinet has been successful in reducing the average wait times for hospital care.[161][162][163][164]

Economy

The party aims to reduce the power of the state and the public sector. It believes that the public sector should only be there to secure a minimum standard of living, and that individuals, businesses and organisations should take care of various tasks instead of the public sector, in most cases. The party also generally advocates the lowering of taxes, various

duties as well increased market economy.[165] The party also notably want to invest more of Norway's oil wealth in infrastructure (particularly roads, broadband capacity, hospitals, schools and nursing homes) and the welfare state.[166][167] This position, that has used a sense of a welfare crisis to support demands to spend more of the oil fund now rather than later, is part of its electoral success.[97]

The party wants to strongly reduce taxation in Norway, and says that the money Norwegians earn, is theirs to be kept. They want to remove

Oil Fund on investments in infrastructure and aims to eliminate the existing budgetary rules which set a limit on such spending.[21][165]

Society

The party regards the family to be a natural, necessary and fundamental element in a free society. It regards the family to be a carrier of traditions and culture, and to have a role in raising and caring for children. The party also wants all children to have a right of visitation and care from both parents, and to secure everyone's right to know who their biological parents are.[168] The party opposed the legalization of same-sex marriage in 2008,[169][170][171] questioning how children would "cope" with the law.[172] In schools, the party wants to improve the working environment for teachers and students by focusing more on order, discipline and class management. The party wants more individual adaptation, to implement grades in basic subjects from fifth grade, open more private schools and decrease the amount of theory in vocational educations.[173]

During the national convention in May 2013, the party voted in favor of both same-sex marriage and same-sex adoption.[174][175][176] The party has for several years been a proponent for legalizing blood donation for homosexuals.[177][178]

The party believes that artists should be less dependent on public support, and instead be more dependent on making a living on what they create. The party believes that regular people should rather decide what good culture is, and demands that artists on public support should offer something the audience wants. It also wants to abolish the annual licence fee for the

Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation and privatise the company. Otherwise, the party wants to protect and secure Norwegian cultural heritage.[179]

Since the party distances itself from discrimination and special treatment based on gender, religion and ethnic origin, the party wants to dissolve the

Sami Parliament of Norway,[180] which is based on ethnic classifications.[181] The party wants to uphold Sami culture, but wants to work against any special treatment based on ethnic origin regarding the right of use of water and land.[182]

The party is also a proponent of a ban on wearing the

niqab in public spaces, schools and universities, first proposing the idea in 2010. This policy for schools and universities was ultimately achieved in 2018.[183]

Law and order

Minister of Justice
(2013–2016).

The party supports an increase in police forces, and more visible police on the streets. It wants to implement tougher punishments, especially for crime regarding violence and morality offences. The party also wants to establish an ombudsman for victims and relatives, as it believes today's supportive concern focus too much on the criminals rather than the victims. It wants the police to be able to use more non-lethal weapons, such as electroshock weapons. It also does not accept any use of religious or political symbols with the police uniform, and wants to expel foreign citizens who are convicted of crime with a frame of more than three months imprisonment.[184]

Immigration

Sylvi Listhaug served as Norway's first Minister of Immigration and Integration (2015–2018).

From the second half of the 1980s, the economic and welfare aspects of immigration policy were mainly a focus of Progress Party criticism, including the strains placed by immigration on the welfare state.[185] During the 1990s the party shifted to focus more on cultural issues and conflicts,[186][187] a development which can also be seen in the general public debate, including among its political opponents.[185] In 1993, it was the first party in Norway to use the notion of "integration politics" in its party programme.[64] While the party has made numerous proposals on immigration in parliament, it has rarely received majority support for them.[188] Its proposals has largely been rejected by the remaining political parties, as well as the mass media.[97] Although the party's immigration policies have been compared to those of the Danish People's Party and the Sweden Democrats, leading party members have rather chosen to compare its immigration policies with those of the Dutch People's Party for Freedom and Democracy and the Danish Venstre, when those parties were in government.[189]

Generally, the party wants a stricter immigration policy, so that only those who are in need of protection according to the

illiterates and other poorly resourced groups who we see are not able to adapt in Norway"; which included countries as Somalia, Afghanistan and Pakistan.[193] The party opposes that asylum seekers are allowed stay in Norway on humanitarian grounds or due to health issues, and seeks to substantially limit the number of family reunifications.[193] The party has also called for a referendum on the general immigration policy.[65][194][195] In government, the party supported creating a Minister for Integration in the cabinet and a zero tolerance policy on illegal immigration combined with deportation of illegal immigrants and non-citizens who had committed serious felonies. Some commentators noted that Norway deported a record number of failed asylum seekers and illegal residents during the period when the party provided support to the Conservatives from 2013 to 2021.[39]

The Progress Party is also opposed to repatriating Norwegian citizens who leave the country to join terrorist organisations such as

Islamic State and withdrew their support to the Solberg cabinet in January 2020 over the government's decision to repatriate a Norwegian national on humanitarian grounds who had escaped to join ISIS.[127]

A poll conducted by Utrop in August 2009 showed that 10% (14% if the respondents answering "Don't know" are removed) of immigrants in Norway would vote for the Progress Party, only beaten by the Labour Party (38% and 56% respectively), when asked.[196] More specifically, this constituted 9% of both African and Eastern European immigrants, 22% of Western European immigrants and 3% of Asian immigrants.[197] Politicians with immigrant background are increasingly active in the party, most notably Iranian-Norwegian Mazyar Keshvari and former leader of the youth party, Indian-Norwegian Himanshu Gulati.[198][199]

Foreign policy

Minister of Children and Equality
(2013–2018), at the European Consumer Summit

The Progress Party was for many years open to a referendum on Norwegian membership of the European Union, although only if a majority of the public opinion was seen to favour it beforehand.[200] The party eventually grew to consider membership of Norway in the European Union to be a "non-issue", believing there to be no reason for a debate of a new referendum.[201] In 2016, the party officially adopted a position against Norwegian membership in the EU.[38]

The party regards NATO to be a positive basic element of Norway's defense, security and foreign policy. It also wants to strengthen transatlantic relations in general, and Norway's relationship with the United States more specifically.[citation needed] The party considers its international policy to "follow in the footsteps of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher."[202]

Of all the major political parties in Norway, the Progress Party has shown the strongest support for

relocate the Norwegian embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.[206][207]

The party sees the most viable form of

developing countries to gradually manage themselves without Western aid. It believes that free trade is the key for developing countries to gain economic growth, and that "the relationship between aid and development is at best unclear." The party is strongly critical of "forced contribution to government development aid through taxation", which it wants to limit, also as it believe this weakens the individual's personal sense of responsibility and generosity (voluntary aid). The party instead supports an increase in support for global health and vaccination initiatives against global epidemics such as HIV, AIDS and tuberculosis, and to increase the support after emergencies and disasters.[208]

International relations

The Progress Party does not belong to any international political groups, and does not have any official sister parties. Historically the party has not compared itself to other European parties, and has sought to rather establish its own identity.[209] An international secretary for the party in the same year said that the party had been connected with a "misunderstood right-wing radical label", partly because people with nationalistic and "hopeless attitudes" had previously been involved in the party. Such persons were said no longer to be involved.[150]

The Progress Party was originally inspired by its Danish counterpart, the

Liberal Party, some politicians of the party has voiced support for the Progress Party.[211][212][213] The party has been compared by some journalists to the Danish People's Party[214] while others such as political scientist Cas Mudde has regarded the Progress Party to be somewhere in between these two parties.[209] Some prominent individual Progress Party politicians. including former Justice Minister Per-Willy Amundsen and Christian Tybring-Gjedde support an official partnership with Sweden Democrats (SD),[215] although historically the party at large has not supported such collaboration. In 2022, party leader Sylvi Listhaug stated that she welcomed the SD's growth in votes and supported the party during the 2022 Swedish general election, but has stated that while her party has common ground with the Sweden Democrats on immigration and law & order, differences in economic policy prevent the Progress Party from considering the SD as a sister party and that the Progress Party as a whole was not looking to build any international alliances.[216]

While the party has been compared by some commentators to European populist parties ranging from the

French National Front and the Dutch Pim Fortuyn List,[188] the Progress Party has often distanced itself from parties on the extreme right and has turned down offers of alliances from other European far-right parties.[214][209][150] In 2009 the British Conservative Party invited party leader Siv Jensen to hold a lecture in the House of Commons, which was seen as a further recognition of the party internationally.[217]

In the United States, the Progress Party generally supports the

Reaganite. Party leader Siv Jensen attended the 2008 Republican National Convention in Saint Paul, Minnesota.[219][220] In 2018, parliamentary members Christian Tybring-Gjedde and former Minister of Justice Per-Willy Amundsen nominated President Donald Trump for the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize. Trump was nominated due to his historic summit in North Korea and due to his work for "disarmament, peace, and reconciliation between North and South Korea."[221][222]

Party leadership

Siv Jensen, former party leader (2006–2021) and Norway's Minister of Finance (2013–2020)
Minister of Transport
(2013–2018)

Party leaders

No. Portrait Leader Took office Left office Time in office
1
Anders Lange
Anders Lange
(1904–1974)		8 April 197318 October 19741 year, 193 days
2
Eivind Eckbo
Eivind Eckbo
(1927–2017)
Acting		18 October 197426 May 1975220 days
3
Arve Lønnum
Arve Lønnum
(1911–1988)		26 May 197511 February 19782 years, 261 days
4
Carl I. Hagen
Carl I. Hagen
(born 1944)		11 February 19786 May 200628 years, 84 days
5
Siv Jensen
Siv Jensen
(born 1969)		6 May 20068 May 202115 years, 2 days
6
Sylvi Listhaug
Sylvi Listhaug
(born 1977)		8 May 2021Incumbent2 years, 345 days

Parliamentary leaders

No. Portrait Parliamentary leader Took office Left office Time in office
1
Anders Lange
Anders Lange
(1904–1974)		8 April 197318 October 19741 year, 193 days
2
Erik Gjems-Onstad
Erik Gjems-Onstad
(1922–2011)		1 November 19741 October 19761 year, 335 days
3
Harald Slettebø
Harald Slettebø
(1922–2018)		1 October 197630 September 1977364 days
4
Carl I. Hagen
Carl I. Hagen
(born 1944)		2 October 19815 October 200524 years, 3 days
5
Siv Jensen
Siv Jensen
(born 1969)		5 October 200517 October 20138 years, 12 days
6
Harald T. Nesvik
Harald T. Nesvik
(born 1966)		17 October 20132 October 20173 years, 350 days
7
Hans Andreas Limi
Hans Andreas Limi
(born 1960)		2 October 201727 January 20202 years, 117 days
(5)
Siv Jensen
Siv Jensen
(born 1969)		27 January 202012 May 20211 year, 105 days
8
Sylvi Listhaug
Sylvi Listhaug
(born 1977)		12 May 2021Incumbent2 years, 341 days

Deputy party leaders

First deputy leaders

Second deputy leaders

Election results

Progress Party results in the 2009 Norwegian parliamentary election (Storting) by county in terms of votes (left) and seats (right)
Storting
Date Votes Seats Position Size
No. % ± pp No. ±
1973 107,784 5.0[a] New
4 / 155
 New Opposition 6th
1977 43,351 1.9 Decrease 3.1
0 / 155
 Decrease 4 Extra-parliamentary Decrease 7th
1981 109,564 4.5 Increase 2.6
4 / 155
 Increase 4 Support Increase 5th
1985 96,797 3.7 Decrease 0.8
2 / 157
 Decrease 2 Support (1985–1986) Decrease 6th
Opposition (1986–1989)
1989 345,185 13.0 Increase 9.3
22 / 165
 Increase 20 Support (1989–1990) Increase 3rd
Opposition (1990–1993)
1993 154,497 6.3 Decrease 6.7
10 / 165
 Decrease 12 Opposition Decrease 6th
1997 395,376 15.3 Increase 9.0
25 / 165
 Increase 15 Support (1997–2000) Increase 2nd
Opposition (2000–2001)
2001 369,236 14.6 Decrease 0.7
26 / 165
 Increase 1 Support Decrease 3rd
2005 582,284 22.1 Increase 7.5
38 / 169
 Increase 12 Opposition Increase 2nd
2009 614,724 22.9 Increase 0.8
41 / 169
 Increase 3 Opposition Steady 2nd
2013 463,560 16.3 Decrease 6.6
29 / 169
 Decrease 12 Coalition (H-FrP) Decrease 3rd
2017 444,423 15.3 Decrease 1.1
27 / 169
 Decrease 2 Coalition (2017–2018, H–FrP) Steady 3rd
Coalition (2018–2019, H–FrP–V)
Coalition (2019–2020, H–FrP–V–KrF)
Support (from 2020)
2021 346,053 11.7 Decrease 3.6
21 / 169
 Decrease 6 Opposition Decrease 4th
Local
Year Vote % Type
1975 0.8
1.4 		Municipal
County
1979 1.9
2.5 		Municipal
County
1983 5.3
6.3 		Municipal
County
1987 10.4
12.3 		Municipal
County
1991 6.5
7.0 		Municipal
County
1995 10.5
12.0 		Municipal
County
1999 12.1
13.4 		Municipal
County
2003 16.4
17.9 		Municipal
County
2007 17.5
18.5 		Municipal
County
2011 11.4
11.8 		Municipal
County
2015 9.5
10.2 		Municipal
County
2019 8.2
8.7 		Municipal
County
2023 11.4
12.5 		Municipal
County

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Ran as Anders Lange's Party.

References

  1. ^ "Hvert fjerde Frp-medlem meldte seg inn på grunn av Sylvi Listhaug" (in Norwegian). January 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Listhaug: Det er rom for nasjonalkonservative i Frp" [Listhaug: There is room for national conservatives in Frp]. Utrop (in Norwegian). NTB. 22 February 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Siv Jensen sier det er helt greit å være nasjonalkonservativ i Frp" [Siv Jensen says it is perfectly fine to be national conservative in Frp]. NRK (in Norwegian). 9 February 2021.
  4. ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2021). "Norway". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  5. ISBN 978-3030474324
    . Retrieved 17 September 2021 – via Google Books. ... of the populist right-wing libertarian party Framskrittspartiet (The Progress Party).
  6. ^ a b c Sources describing the Progress Party as right-wing populist: [4][14][23][24][25]
  7. ^
    S2CID 145560004
    . Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  8. ^ "Leader of Norwegian populist party to step down". The Local. 18 February 2021.
  9. ^ Paterson, Tony (10 September 2013). "Norway election results: Anti-immigrant party with links to mass murderer Anders Behring Breivik set to enter government under Conservative leader Erna Solberg". The Independent. Retrieved 20 August 2022. Norway's anti-immigration Progress Party ...
  10. ^ Sommers, Jack (14 September 2015). "Refugee Crisis: Norwegian Politicians Suggest Sending Asylum Seekers To Arctic Island Svalbard". HuffPost. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  11. ^ Jacobsen, Stine; Solsvik, Terje (14 September 2015). "Norway's anti-immigrant party set for worst election result in 22 years". Reuters. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  12. ^ "Norway election: Ruling Conservatives claim second term". BBC News. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2022. Her conservative coalition with the anti-immigration Progress Party ran a campaign promising tax cuts, which it said would help to boost economic growth.
  13. ^ a b Wiggen, Mette (18 February 2021). "As Norway's far Right declines in popularity, a new populist force rises". openDemocracy. Retrieved 20 August 2022. However, as expected, the anti-immigration Progress Party, Fremskrittspartiet (FrP), has since demanded stricter control of borders, migrants and migrant labour due to the possibility of what it called 'import infection'.
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Bibliography

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