Prohibited airspace

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A prohibited airspace is an area (volume) of

ATC
or the airspace's controlling body.

According to the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): "Prohibited areas contain airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts."

Part of a terminal area chart, showing the prohibited/restricted airspace surrounding Camp David

Some prohibited airspace may be supplemented via NOTAMs. For example, Prohibited Area 40 (P-40) and Restricted Area 4009 (R4009) often have additional restricted airspace added via a NOTAM when the President of the United States visits Camp David in Maryland, while normally the airspace outside of P-40 and R4009 is not prohibited/restricted.

Violating prohibited airspace established for national security purposes may result in military interception and/or the possibility of an attack upon the violating aircraft, or if this is avoided then large fines and jail time are often incurred. Aircraft violating or about to violate prohibited airspace are often warned beforehand on 121.5 MHz, the emergency frequency for aircraft.

List of prohibited airspaces

As of September 2022:

Australia

China

Cuba

  • Unscheduled foreign aircraft are prohibited from entering or encroaching Cuban airspace including disputed international water zones except when permission has been explicitly given by the Cuban Government. The Cuban military has been known to shoot down and destroy unauthorised aircraft without warning including a 1996 incident in which two U.S.-registered aircraft were shot down and destroyed by Cuban Air Force MiGs.[3]

Finland

France

Greece

  • All traffic is prohibited above the
    Eleftherios Venizelos International Airport
    .

Hungary

[7][8]

India

Iran

  • Shahid Modarres missile base
    at Bidganeh near Malard, Tehran

Ireland

Israel

Due to Arab–Israeli conflict, Israeli aircraft are not allowed to fly over numerous countries. These include:

  • Iran
  • Lebanon
  • Syria
  • Iraq
  • Pakistan
  • Libya
  • Tunisia
  • Malaysia
  • Indonesia
  • Yemen
  • Algeria
  • Mali
  • Niger
  • Mauritania
  • Bangladesh

Pakistan

Peru

Russia

  • City of Moscow.[12] Many flights are being regularly routed through the outer regions of this airspace.

Since October 25, 2015, Ukrainian aircraft have been prohibited from entering Russian airspace.

After the Western countries banned Russian planes from its skies following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, aircraft registered in or operated by the Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, United Kingdom, United States, Norway, Iceland, Switzerland and the European Union member states[13] are banned from using Russian airspace.[14]

On October 30, 2022, Cathay Pacific announced that it would resume using Russian airspace on some flights such as the "polar route" from New York to Hong Kong, which had stopped following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[15]

Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian aircraft are not allowed to fly over numerous countries. These include:

  • Andorra
  • Australia
  • Canada
  • European Union
    • Austria
    • Belgium
    • Croatia
    • Czech Republic
    • Denmark
    • Estonia
    • Finland
    • France
    • Germany
    • Greece
    • Hungary
    • Ireland
    • Italy
    • Latvia
    • Lithuania
    • Luxembourg
    • Malta
    • Netherlands
    • Poland
    • Portugal
    • Slovakia
    • Slovenia
    • Spain
    • Sweden
  • Greenland
  • Iceland
  • Japan
  • Liechtenstein
  • New Zealand
  • Norway
  • San Marino
  • Singapore
  • South Korea
  • Switzerland
  • Taiwan
  • United Kingdom
  • United States

Saudi Arabia

  • Great Mosque of Makkah
  • Masjid an-Nabawi[16]

Sri Lanka

According to Air Navigation (Air Defence) Regulation 1 (2007), airspace over the territory and territorial waters of

air defence identification zone (ADIZ) with prohibited areas and restricted areas within it. No aircraft may operate in prohibited or restricted areas without valid air defence clearance (ADC) from the Sri Lanka Air Force
(SLAF).

Prohibited areas are,[17]

Restricted areas are,[17]

Taiwan

Turkey

Ukraine

Since October 25, 2015 all traffic by Russian aircraft has been prohibited. As the result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the civilian flights flying over Ukraine and flights to the Ukrainian cities are suspended for the time being.[19]

United Kingdom

United States

The FAA issues Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) in the form of a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) which are effective for the duration of an event, typically a few days or weeks. TFRs are issued for VIP movement such as the president's travels outside Washington, D.C., surface-based hazards to flight such as toxic gas spills or volcanic eruptions, air-shows, military security, and special events including political ones like national party conventions.[22] TFRs have also been issued to ensure a safe environment for firefighting operations in the case of wildfires and for other reasons as necessary. A TFR was quickly issued around the crash site of Cory Lidle's airplane in New York City. Later, a broader TFR was issued to require pilots traveling over the East River to obtain air traffic control clearance.

Permanent prohibited areas

Temporary restrictions over

NASCAR grand slam races, or a WrestleMania is taking place, from one hour before to one hour after the event except those sports teams residing and stadiums in Canada
.

TFRs over public and corporate venues have been controversial. Groups have questioned whether these last TFRs served a public need, or the needs of politically connected venue operators.[24][25]

Other restrictions

In addition to areas off limits to civil aviation, a variety of other airspace restrictions exists in the United States. Notable ones include the Flight Restriction Zone (FRZ) encompassing all airspace up to 18,000 feet (5,500 m) within approximately 15 nautical miles (28 km) of

Baltimore-Washington D.C. metropolitan area
requires the filing of a flight plan and communication with air traffic control.

See also

References

  1. ^ [Designated Airspace Handbook]. Airservices Australia. Retrieved April 29, 2019
  2. ^ "Taiwan's Eva Air applies for China overflight rights"ch-aviation. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  3. ^ Staff writer (February 24, 1996). "Civilian U.S. Planes Shot Down Near Cuba". CNN. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Valtioneuvoston asetus ilmailulta rajoitetuista alueista". Finlex. December 4, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  5. ^ "AIRAC 2019-05-23". Archived from the original on 2019-05-25. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
  6. Mairie de Paris
    (in French). Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  7. ^ "Hungary all zones below 9500ft / 2900m including green zones – Airspace route planner". www.galatech.hu.
  8. ^ "Airspace of the Budapest metropolitan area (detailed map)" (PDF).
  9. ^ Official order by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India) dated 16 December 2008 (http://dgca.nic.in/aic/aic14_2008.pdf). Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  10. ^ Kumar, Vinay (17 December 2008). "No-fly zone over Kalpakkam plant". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
  11. ^ "Direction" (PDF). www.iaa.ie. 2004. Retrieved 2020-01-11.
  12. ^ May9thParade[permanent dead link]. Moscow Blog.
  13. Eurozone countries, Czech Republic, Poland, Sweden and Denmark
    only.
  14. ^ "Russia to bar people from a growing list of "unfriendly" nations as sanctions over Putin's Ukraine war bite". CBS News. New York: Paramount. AFP. 28 March 2022.
  15. ^ Shekhawat, Jaiveersingh; Dey, Mrinmay (2022-10-30). "Cathay Pacific to resume some flights in Russian airspace". Reuters. Hong Kong. Retrieved 2022-10-30.
  16. ^ "Why Commercial Airplanes Never Fly Over Some Places ?".[dead link]
  17. ^ a b https://airport.lk/aasl/AIS/AMDT%20WEB/AIP%20FROM%2018%20JULY%202019/PDF/E62-1-15.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  18. ^ "İmralı'nın üzerindeki uçuş yasağının sınırlarını daraltıldı". Habertürk (in Turkish). 11 February 2018. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  19. ^ Timmins, Beth (24 February 2022). "Ukraine airspace closed to civilian flights". BBC News. Kyiv.
  20. ^ "Windsor Castle no-fly zone application after security breach". BBC News. 9 January 2022.
  21. ^ The Air Navigation (Restriction of Flying) (Windsor Castle) (No. 2) Regulations 2018
  22. ^ "FLIGHT ADVISORY National Special Security Event Republican National Convention Tampa, Florida August 26-30, 2012" (PDF). FAA.
  23. ^ Pearce, Matt. "No-fly zones over Disney parks face new scrutiny". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles.
  24. ^ [1] [2] Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ^ "Aircraft Building | EAA". www.eaa.org.

External links