Prokinetic agent

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

A prokinetic agent (also prokineticin, gastroprokinetic agent, gastrokinetic agent or propulsive) is a type of small peptide drug which enhances

functional dyspepsia
.

Most prokinetic agents are grouped under the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (a World Health Organization drug classification system), as ATC code A03F.

Pharmacodynamics

Activation of a wide range of serotonin receptors by serotonin itself or by certain prokinetic drugs results in enhanced gastrointestinal motility.[3]

Other prokinetic drugs may increase

M1 receptor which causes acetylcholine release, or by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which metabolizes acetylcholine. Higher acetylcholine levels increase gastrointestinal peristalsis and further increase pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter, thereby stimulating gastrointestinal motility, accelerating gastric emptying, and improving gastro-duodenal coordination.[citation needed
]

The

SSRIs have been found to have prokinetic actions on the small intestine.[7]

Other molecules, including macrolides such as mitemcinal and erythromycin, have affinity for the motilin receptor where they act as agonists resulting in prokinetic properties.[8][9][10]

Research

Animal research has found that supplementation with the probiotics

bacterial translocation.[11]

Research in rats has found that supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum increases small intestinal motility with a measurable decrease in the duration of migrating motor complex cycles. A further study found that in rats supplemented with a diet of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis, the number and velocity of phase iii of the migrating motor complex increased. These effects make the small intestine more effective at propelling food, bacteria and luminal secretions into the colon.[11] Bifidobacterium bifidum in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus accelerated small intestine transit in rats.[12]

Research into the prokinetic effects of probiotics on the gastrointestinal tract has also been conducted in humans.

Lactobacillus plantarum, in adults has been found to increase defecation frequency.[13]

Examples

Notes and references

  1. PMID 37684054
    .
  2. ^ "Acid Reflux Symptoms". Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2011-06-23.
  3. PMID 20413719
    .
  4. PMID 17241888
    .
  5. ^ SmPC. Summary of product characteristics Resolor (prucalopride)October, 2009:1-9.
  6. ^ Bouras EP, Camilleri M, Burton DD, McKinzie S. Selective stimulation of colonic transit by the benzofuran 5HT4 agonist, prucalopride, in healthy humans. Gut. May 1999;44(5):682-686.
  7. PMID 8174987
    .
  8. PMID 19345243
    .
  9. PMID 20655290
    .
  10. PMID 11813507
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 16263800
    .
  12. PMID 11171619
    .
  13. PMID 23316914
    .
  14. ^
    S2CID 37740247
    .

Further reading
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