Propaganda and Agitation Department
선전선동부 | |
Agency overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1945 |
Jurisdiction | Propaganda in North Korea |
Headquarters | Pyongyang, North Korea |
Agency executives |
|
Parent agency | Central Committee |
North Korea portal |
The Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD, Korean: 선전선동부[1]),[a] officially translated as the Publicity and Information Department,[3] is a department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) tasked with coordinating the creation and dissemination of propaganda in North Korea. It is the highest propaganda organization in the country.
The history of the department can be traced back to the Soviet Civil Administration following the division of Korea in 1945. Agitation operations by the department reached their height in the years after the Korean War.
Although nominally under the
The department sets guidelines for all propaganda materials produced and all
The department also translates foreign works, which are censored from the public, for the use of the country's political elite.[4]
Organization
The Propaganda and Agitation Department (PAD) is under the supervision of the Secretariat of the
All propaganda materials are produced in accordance with guidelines set by the PAD,
The PAD has numerous bureaus and offices under it.[7] For instance, the April 15 Literary Production company is directly under the PAD and the company often supplies the department with executives.[17][5] The Workers' Party of Korea Publishing House, Foreign Languages Publishing House, Workers' Publishing House, and Kumsong Youth Publishing House are also under its control.[5] The PAD also translates otherwise forbidden foreign works for the use of the country's political elite.[4] The Korea Film Studios and the 25 April Film Studio are under the Ministry of Culture, but the PAD controls them and their staff.[5]
History
The history of the PAD can be traced back to the Soviet Civil Administration following the division of Korea in 1945. Agitation operations by the PAD reached their height in the years after the Korean War. They included speed campaigns such as the Chollima Movement and Pyongyang Speed , labor methodologies like the Chongsan-ri Method and the Taean Work System, and the Three Revolutions Movement .[7]
Kim To-man was the chief of the PAD until his involvement with the Kapsan Faction Incident that sought to oust Kim Il Sung in 1967.[18] Kim To-man had commissioned Act of Sincerity – described variously as either a film or a stage play[19] – about the life of Pak Kum-chol without the approval of Kim Il Sung. In North Korean society, this was an inexcusable offense, and Kim To-man was forced to go.[20] Kim Jong Il probably helped in purging him.[21] After this and related purges the PAD shaped the societal landscape of North Korea to allow Kim Il Sung to cement his rule and become the supreme leader of North Korea.[7]
Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong Il's years in the PAD were marked by his effort to become an expert in the field of propaganda,
The PAD helped to create a cultural milieu in which Kim Jong Il was named his father's successor at the
Kim Jong-un
Before the
Leadership
- Kim To-man[24]
- Pak Chang-ok (director, 1950–1955)[39]
- Pak Yong-bin (director, February 1950 –)[40]
- Jong Kyong-hui (vice director, 1961 –)[41]
- Kim Hyon-nam (director, 2002 –)[42]
- Choe Ik-gyu (director, 2009 – February 2010)[30][31]
- Kang Nung-su (director, February 2010 –)[31]
- Jong Ha-chol (vice director)[5]
- Ri Jae-il (former first deputy director)[43]
- Kim Ki-nam (vice director, 1966 – October 2017)[44][3][45]
- Pak Kwang-ho (director, October 2017 – January 2020)[38]
- Ri Jae-il (director, January 2020 – present)
- Kim Yo-jong (deputy department director and de facto director, November 2014 – present)[37]
- Kim Jong Il[6]
- Kim Jong-nam[46]
See also
- Agitprop
- Censorship in North Korea
- List of newspapers in North Korea
- List of radio stations in North Korea
- Room 39
- Television in North Korea
References
- ^ PAD is the literal translation. The name 선전선동부 is a Sino-Korean reading of 宣傳煽動部, a name used to refer to this department in Chinese-language Yonhap News Agency reports.[2] For explanation on a similarly contested translation, see Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party § Name.
- ISBN 978-1-4422-5903-4.
- ^ 金與正被證實隸屬朝鮮勞動黨宣傳煽動部 [Kim Yo-jong confirmed as working for the WPK PAD]. 韓聯社(南韓聯合通訊社) (in Chinese). 27 April 2018.
- ^ a b c d e Madden, Michael (28 February 2018). "North Korea's New Propagandist?". 38 North. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ a b Jang 2015, p. 32.
- ^ a b c d e f g "KWP Propaganda and Agitation Department" 2009, p. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lim 2015, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g "KWP Propaganda and Agitation Department" 2009, p. 1.
- ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 166.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-300-22447-4.
- ISSN 1229-6902.
- ^ Lim 2015, p. 11.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-6151-0.
- ^ Jang 2015, p. 33.
- ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 170.
- ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 410.
- ^ "KWP Propaganda and Agitation Department" 2009, pp. 1–2.
- ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 173.
- ^ Lim 2008, pp. 43, 37.
- ^ Myers 2015, p. 95n52.
- ^ Lim 2008, p. 39.
- ^ Martin 2007, pp. 353–354.
- ISBN 978-0-8014-6893-3.
- ^ Lim 2008, pp. 39, 42–43.
- ^ a b c Lim 2008, p. 43.
- ^ Baek 2008, p. 218.
- ^ North Korea Handbook 2002, p. 185.
- ^ Fischer 2016, p. 62.
- ^ Fischer 2016, p. 310.
- ^ "Choe Ik-gyu" 2009, p. 1.
- ^ a b "Choe Ik-gyu" 2009, p. 2.
- ^ a b c "Personnel Shuffles in the first half of 2010". North Korea Leadership Watch. 4 June 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- ^ Jang 2015, p. 42.
- ^ Jang 2015, pp. 42–43.
- ISBN 978-0-8157-9820-0.
- ^ Baek 2008, p. 228.
- ^ Lee Sang Yong (24 July 2015). "Kim Jong-un's sister promoted to run 'idolisation projects' in North Korea". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ^ a b "KJU Arranges Banquet and Performance for PRC Delegation". North Korea Leadership Watch. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ a b In-Chan Hwang (11 October 2017). "Choe Ryong Hae appointed N.K. party's highest position". The Dong-a Ilbo. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- S2CID 144136781.
- ^ Lankov 1999, p. 48.
- ^ Madden 2012, p. 3.
- ^ Henry, Terrence (1 May 2005). "After Kim Jong Il". The Atlantic. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Senior DPRK Officials Visit Ku'msusan to Mark Anniversary of KIS' Demise". North Korea Leadership Watch. 8 July 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
- ^ Lee Sang Yong (20 July 2015). "Kim Yo Jong in de facto power of PAD". Daily NK. Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ^ "Kim Ki Nam". North Korea Leadership Watch. 23 February 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
- ^ Baek 2008, p. 224.
Works cited
- Baek Seung Joo (2008). "Prospects on characteristics of the North Korean succession system and its foreign policy in the Post-Kim Jong Il era". Korean Journal of Defense Analysis. 20 (3): 215–230. ISSN 1016-3271.
- "Choe Ik-gyu" (PDF). North Korea Leadership Watch. October 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
- Fischer, Paul (2016). A Kim Jong-Il Production: Kidnap, Torture, Murder... Making Movies North Korean-Style. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-97000-3.
- Jang Jin-sung (2015). Dear Leader: My Escape from North Korea. Translated by Shirley Lee. New York: Atria. ISBN 978-1-4767-6656-0.
- Jae-Cheon Lim (2008). Kim Jong-il's Leadership of North Korea. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-01712-6.
- — (2015). Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-56741-7.
- "KWP Propaganda and Agitation Department" (PDF). North Korea Leadership Watch. November 2009. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
- Lankov, Andrei N. (1999). "Kim Il Sung's Campaign against the Soviet Faction in Late 1955 and the Birth of Chuch'e". Korean Studies. 23 (1): 43–67. S2CID 154905899.
- Madden, Michael (2012). "Jong Kyong Hui (Chŏng Kyŏng-hŭi)". KPA Journal. 2 (11): 3–4. OCLC 741222847. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- Martin, Bradley K. (2007). Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-4299-0699-9.
- Myers, B. R. (2015). North Korea's Juche Myth. Busan: Sthele Press. ISBN 978-1-5087-9993-1.
- North Korea Handbook. Seoul: ISBN 978-0-7656-3523-5.
Further reading
Primary sources
- Kim Il-sung (1973). OCLC 1388585.
- — (1974). "On the Elimination of Formalism and Bureaucracy in Party Work and the Revolutionization of Functionaries: Speech to Functionaries of the Department of Organizational Leadership and Propaganda and Agitation, Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, October 18, 1966". Selected Works. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Pyongyang: OCLC 184772404.
- Kim Jong-il (1987). Propaganda Officials Must Establish a Political Standard and Work Effectively: Speech at a Meeting of the Senior Officials of the Propaganda Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea December 15, 1987 (PDF). Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House.
- — (1992). On Breaking Outdated Patterns and Bringing about a Fresh Change in Party Work: Speech to Officials of the Organizational Leadership Department and the Propaganda and Agitation Department of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, February 28, 1974. Pyongyang: OCLC 622619429.