Proposed states and union territories of India
The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved with the Parliament of India, which can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them.[1] As of 2024[update], there are 28 states and eight union territories in India.[2]
There have been demands to create several new states and union territories.[3] However, demanding a separate state from the administration of Indian union is punishable under secession law in India.[4]
History
1947–56
Before
Part A | Assam, Bihar, Bombay, East Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal |
Part B | |
Part C | |
Part D | Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
During the 1950–1956 period, small changes were made to state boundaries with Bilaspur merging with Himachal Pradesh on 1 July 1954 and
1957–99
Bombay state was split into
Madras state was renamed as
2000–present
In 2000, three new states were created:
Proposed states
There have been several demands in the past and the present for the creation of new states and union territories.[27]
Proposed | State/UT | District(s)
|
Image | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ahomland | Assam | Biswanath, Darrang, Lakhimpur, Sivasagar, Sonitpur, Udalguri | Various organizations in Upper Assam have been demanding a separate Ahomland state since 1967.[28] In 2023, TAI Ahom Yuba Parishad Assam (TAYPA) organized a protest at demanding a separate state.[29] | |
Awadh | Uttar Pradesh | The proposed state would consist of Awadhi-speaking districts of central Uttar Pradesh, consisting of an area of 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi) and a population of 50 million.[30]
| ||
Bagelkhand | Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh | Umaria
|
Bagelkhand region was named after the Vaghela Rajput kings in the 14th century and was part of the Bagelkhand Agency.[31]
| |
Barak State | Assam, Manipur | Cachar, Dima Hasao, Hailakandi, Hojai, Jiribam, Karimganj | The Bengali people of Assam have demanded a separate state for themselves within the Barak Valley, particularly with the Bengali-majority districts with Silchar as the capital.[32][33] | |
Bhil Pradesh | Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan | The | ||
Bhojpur | Bihar, Uttar Pradesh | Azamgarh, Ballia, Basti, Bhadohi, Bhojpur, Buxar, Chandauli, Deoria, Ghazipur, Gopalganj, Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kaimur, Kushinagar, Maharajganj, Mau, Mirzapur, Rohtas, Saran, Siwan, Sant Kabir Nagar, Sidharthanagar, Varanasi | There have been demands for a separate state, comprising the Bhojpuri-speaking districts of western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh.[37][38] | |
Bodoland
|
Assam | Baksa, Chirang, Kokrajhar, Udalguri | There have been demands for a separate Bodoland Territorial Region for the Bodo people.[39] The agitations led to the creation of Bodoland Territorial Council, an entity subordinate to the government of Assam, governing four districts covering 3,082 Bodo-majority villages.[40] | |
Braj Pradesh | Uttar Pradesh | Agra, Aligarh, Auraiya, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Mathura district | There is a demand for the creation of a separate state of Braj Pradesh, consisting of the historical Braj region with the speakers of Braj Bhasha.[41] | |
Bundelkhand | Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh | Banda, Chhatarpur, Chitrakoot, Damoh, Datia, Gwalior, Hamirpur, Jhansi, Lalitpur, Urai, Jalon, Mahoba, Panna, Sagar, Shivpuri, Tikamgarh | Since the early 1960s, there has been a movement for establishing a Bundelkhand state for promoting the development of the region in the central part of India, which being rich in minerals, is underdeveloped and underrepresented in politics. Allahabad as the capital while organisations such as Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha demanded its formulation, along with the inclusion of six other districts from Madhya Pradesh.[44] Various political parties have promised the creation of a separate state of Bundelkhand over the years.[45][46]
| |
Chakmaland | Mizoram | Chakma, Tlabung (Demagiri) and some parts of Mamit district encompassing the western and south-western belt of Mizoram. | Chakmaland is a proposed union territory for the predominantly Christian Mizo people, which has led to claims for a separate region.[48]
| |
Delhi | Delhi | Central Delhi, East Delhi, New Delhi, North Delhi, North East Delhi, North West Delhi, Shahdara, South Delhi, South East Delhi, South West Delhi, West Delhi | The political administration of Delhi more closely resembles that of a state than a union territory, with its own Chief Minister. Delhi is jointly administered by the union government and the local government of Delhi. The government introduced a bill in Parliament in 2003 to grant full statehood, which was not passed. There have been renewed demands to grant statehood to Delhi.[49]
| |
Dimaraji | Assam, Nagaland | The Dimasa people of northeast India have been demanding a separate state called Dimaland.[50] | ||
Frontier Nagaland | Nagaland | Kiphire, Longleng, Mon, Noklak, Shamtor, Tuensang | Eastern Nagaland People's Organization (ENPO) has demanded a separate state for frontier districts of Nagaland, inhabited by the tribes of Konyak, Khiamniungan, Chang, Sangtam, Tikhir, Phom and Yimkhiung.[51][52] | |
Garoland
|
Meghalaya | East Garo Hills, North Garo Hills, South West Garo Hills, South Garo Hills, West Garo Hills | Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (GHADC) is one of the three Autonomous councils within Meghalaya and the Garo National Council is a political party which has demanded a separate state for Garo.[53] | |
Gorkhaland | West Bengal | Darjeeling, Kalimpong | Subhash Ghising. The agitation ultimately led to the establishment of a semi-autonomous body of Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) in 1988.[56] In 2008, Gorkha Janmukti Morcha (GJM) raised the demand for a separate state again and in 2011, the GJM signed an agreement with the state and central governments for the formation of the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, a semi-autonomous body that replaced the DGHC in the Darjeeling hills.[57][58] On 28 March 2022, GJM permanently dropped its Gorkhaland statehood demand, instead seeking political solution within West Bengal.[59]
| |
Gondwana | Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh | Balaghat, Chinndwara, Dindori, Mandla, Seoni | A demand for a state of Gondwana exists from the Mahakoshal region of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh with a Gondi majority.[60] The Gondwana Gantantra party (GGP) was established in 1991, with the objective to struggle for the creation of a separate Gondwana State comprising regions that were ruled by Gondis.[61] | |
Greater Punjab | Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab | Ambala, Chandigarh, Fatehabad, Kangra, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Sirsa, Solan, Una | There have been demands raised by | |
Harit Pradesh | Uttar Pradesh | Agra, Aligarh, Auraiya, Bareilly, Etawah, Farrukhabad, Meerut, Moradabad, Saharanpur | Harit Pradesh is a proposed state from six divisions of Uttar Pradesh with Meerut as the capital with various political parties having supported the same.[64] | |
Jammu | Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu, Doda, Kathua, Kishtwar, Poonch, Rajouri, Ramban, Reasi, Samba, Udhampur | There have been claims to split the existing union territory into two. In 2020, Jammu Division should be separated and given statehood.[65]
| |
Jungle Mahal | West Bengal | Bankura, Birbhum, Jhargram, Paschim Medinipur, Purbo Medinipur, Purulia | In 2021, there were calls from a Member of Parliament of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for the creation of a Junglemahal state from West Bengal, claiming underdevelopment and that the demands of employment and development for locals could only be met if it gets statehood.[66]
However, the state unit of the BJP distanced itself from the demand and officially commented that they are against division with the Trinamool Congress filing a complaint against the same.[67][68] | |
Kamtapur | Assam, West Bengal | Cooch Behar, Darjeeling, Dhubri, Goalpara, Jalpaiguri, Kamrup | Kamtapur lies in the northern part of West Bengal and the proposed state consists of the six districts in the region.[69][70] | |
Karbiland | Assam | Karbi Anglong, West Karbi Anglong | Requests for a separate state for Karbi people have been raised by several organisations over the years with violent protests in July 2013.[71] | |
Khasiland | Meghalaya | West Jaintia Hills
|
Hill State People's Democratic Party (HSPDP), a regional political party has demanded to bifurcate Meghalaya to create a separate state for the Khasi people while other parties including the United Democratic Party has opposed the demand.[72][73] | |
Kashmir | Jammu and Kashmir | Anantnag, Baramulla, Budgam, Bandipore, Ganderbal, Kupwara, Kulgam, Pulwama, Shopian, Srinagar | There have been claims to split the existing union territory to create a separate state for the Kashmiris.[65][74] | |
Kodagu | Karnataka | Kodagu | The Codava National Council (CNC) has demanded for the creation of a new autonomous region for the Kodava.[75][76] | |
Kongu Nadu | Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu | Tiruchirappalli
|
Kongu Nadu refers to an approximate area of 60,895 km2 (23,512 sq mi) covering Western Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala and Karnataka.[77][78][79] It was one of the territorial divisions in the ancient Tamilakam.[80] There has been demands for the formation a separate state of Kongu Nadu, which would include western Tamil Nadu with sections of south east Karnataka and east Kerala.[81][82] While various political parties have occasionally raised the demand, some parties are opposed to any bifurcation of the state.[83][84][85] Local caste based political outfits have supported the demand.[86] | |
Konkan | Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra | Goa, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, Uttara Kannada | Konkan coast forms a strip of land along the north-western coast of India and there have been demands for a separate state for the Konkani people.[87][88] | |
Kosal | Odisha | Deogarh district, Jharsuguda, Nuapada, Kalahandi, Kandhamal district, Nabarangpur district, Subarnapur, Sambalpur, Sundargarh
|
Kosal state movement has been demanding a separate state in the Western Odisha region.[89] The Government of Odisha established the Western Odisha Development Council (WODC) in 2011.[90] | |
Kukiland | Manipur | Kukiland is a proposed separate state for the 2023 Manipur violence. The Kuki State Demand Committee supported by Kuki National Army has demanded a separate state covering 60% of the area of Manipur, including Southern Manipur and surrounding areas of Sadar Hills.[91][92]
| ||
Kutch | Gujarat | Kutch | ||
Ladakh | Ladakh | Kargil, Leh | There have been several demands for statehood for Ladakh. Kargil Democratic Alliance and Leh Apex Body demanded statehood and rallied in 2023.[96][97] Sonam Wangchuk went on a hunger strike demanding statehood.[98] | |
Mahakoshal | Madhya Pradesh | Chhindwara, Dindori, Jabalpur, Katni, Mandla, Narsinghpur, Seoni | Mahakoshal is a region which lies in the upper or eastern reaches of the Narmada River valley in Madhya Pradesh. Organisations such as Mahakaushal Mukti Morcha and Bharatiya Janashakti have demanded separate statehood for the region with the capital at Jabalpur.[99] It is alleged that although the region is rich in natural resources, the region has seen limited development and the region has a distinct cultural identity.[100] | |
Malwa | Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan | There have been demands for a separate Malwa state with the capital at Indore including the Malvi speaking regions.[101] | ||
Marathwada | Maharashtra | Aurangabad, Beed, Hingoli, Jalna, Latur, Nanded, Osmanabad, Parbhani | Marathwada is one of the five British India. After Hyderabad was annexed to India, Marathwada was merged with Bombay state. There have been demands for a separate Marathwada state.[102]
| |
Maru Pradesh | Rajasthan | Maru Pradesh is a proposed desert state in North West for the Marwaris.[103] | ||
Magadha Rajya | Southern Bihar and Northern Jharkhand | Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusarai, Sheikhpura, Lakhisarai, Jamui, Patna, Nalanda, Arwal, Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Garhwa, Palamu, Latehar, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Ramgarh, Bokaro, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Deoghar, Jamtara, Dumka, Godda, Pakur, Sahebganj | There have been demands for a Magadha Rajya, comprising the Magahi known as Khortha is spoken by non-tribal populace in North Chotanagpur division of northern Jharkhand.[104][105][106]
| |
Mithila | Bihar, Jharkhand | Araria, Begusarai, Bhagalpur, Banka, Darbhanga, Deoghar, Dumka, East Champaran, Godda, Jamtara, Jamui, Katihar, Khagaria, Kishanganj, Lakhisarai, Madhepura, Madhubani, Munger, Muzaffarpur,
Pakaur, Purnia, Saharsa, Sahebganj, Samastipur, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Supaul, Vaishali, West Champaran
|
Mithila is a proposed state which would cover the Maithili-speaking regions of Bihar and Jharkhand.[107][108][109] | |
North Bengal | West Bengal | Alipurduar, Cooch Behar, Dakshin Dinajpur, Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Kalimpong, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur | In 2021, politicians of Bharatiya Janata Party demanded carving out a state or union territory comprising the North Bengal districts.[110] However, the state unit distanced itself from the demand with Indian National Congress also opposing the same.[111][112] Different native linguistic ethnic groups have also rejected the separate statehood demand and are against the division of West Bengal.[113] | |
North Karnataka | Karnataka | Yadgir
|
North Karnataka is a geographical region consisting of mostly semi-arid plateau that constitutes the northern part of the Karnataka with a notable difference from the other regions in terms of language, cuisine and culture.[114] Various organizations have demanded a separate state to be carved out of the region.[115] | |
Panun Kashmir | Jammu and Kashmir | Panun Kashmir is a proposed union territory in the Kashmir Valley on religious lines which is advocated by the Kashmiri Pandit Network as a homeland for Kashmiri Hindus who have fled the Kashmir valley as a result of ongoing separatist movement and hope to return.[116][117] | ||
Purvanchal | Uttar Pradesh | Sant Ravidas Nagar, Siddharth Nagar, Varanasi
|
Purvanchal is a geographic region of north-central India, with Bhojpuri as a major language.[118] While the Government of Uttar Pradesh proposed to carve out a separate state with Gorakhpur or Varanasi as its capital in 2009, it has not officially materialized.[119] | |
Rayalaseema | Andhra Pradesh | Kurnool, Nandyal, Anantapur, Sri Sathya Sai, Kadapa, Annamayya, Tirupati and Chittoor | The proposed state would consist of eight districts of Andhra Pradesh.[120] Organizations such as Rayalaseema Parirakshana Samithi and Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi advocate for a separate state.[121][122] | |
Saurashtra | Gujarat | Surendranagar
|
The movement for a separate Saurashtra state was initiated in 1972. Local organisations across the region support the demand of the separate state claiming underdevelopment and lack of job opportunities.[123] The region is linguistically different from the rest of the state due to the prevalence of its own Saurashtra dialect.[124] | |
Sindhi State | Gujarat, Rajasthan | Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Kutch | There have been demands for a separate state for the Sindhi people.[125]
| |
Tipraland | Tripura | The Kingdom of Tripura was a kingdom from the early 15th century which was annexed as the princely state of Tripura in 1949 and later achieved statehood on 21 January 1972.[126][127] The indigenous Tipra people demanded an autonomous district, which was created on 23 March 1979 in the form of the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC). A separate statehood is demanded by Indigenous People's Front of Tripura (IPFT) and Tipraland State Party (TSP).[128]
| ||
Tulu Nadu | Karnataka, Kerala | Dakshina Kannada, Kasaragod, Udupi | Tulu Nadu is a border region between the states of Karnataka and Kerala in southern India. The demand for a separate state is based on a distinct culture and language (Tulu), and neglect of the region by the state governments.[129][130] The Karnataka and Kerala state governments have created the Tulu Sahitya Academy to preserve and promote Tuluva culture.[131] | |
Vidarbha | Maharashtra | Akola, Amravati, Bhandara, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Gondia, Nagpur, Wardha, Washim, Yavatmal | Vidarbha is a region that comprises the Amravati and Nagpur divisions of eastern Maharashtra. Support for a separate Vidarbha state had been expressed by various people over time.[132][133] | |
Vindhya Pradesh | Madhya Pradesh | Singrauli
|
Vindhya Pradesh was a former state which was merged into Madhya Pradesh in 1956.[134] Since 2000, there have been demands for the nine districts to be separated from Madhya Pradesh to create a new state.[135][136] |
See also
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