Protease inhibitor (biology)
In biology and biochemistry, protease inhibitors, or antiproteases,[1] are molecules that inhibit the function of proteases (enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins). Many naturally occurring protease inhibitors are proteins.[2]
In
Classification
Protease inhibitors may be classified either by the type of protease they inhibit, or by their mechanism of action. In 2004 Rawlings and colleagues introduced a classification of protease inhibitors based on similarities detectable at the level of amino acid sequence.
By protease
Classes of proteases are:
- Aspartic protease inhibitors
- Cysteine protease inhibitors
- Metalloprotease inhibitors
- Serine protease inhibitors
- Threonine protease inhibitors
- Trypsin inhibitors
By mechanism
Classes of inhibitor mechanisms of action are:
- Suicide inhibitor
- Transition state inhibitor
- serpins)
- Chelating agents
Families
Inhibitor I4
This is a family of protease
Inhibitor I9
| Peptidase inhibitor I9 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
Proteinase propeptide inhibitors (sometimes referred to as activation peptides) are responsible for the modulation of
Inhibitor I10
| Serine endopeptidase inhibitors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 solution structure of marinostatin, a protease inhibitor, containing two ester linkages | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I10 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF12559 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR022217 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
This family includes both microviridins and marinostatins. It seems likely that in both cases it is the
Inhibitor I24
| PinA peptidase inhibitor | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I24 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF10465 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR019506 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I24 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
This family includes PinA, which
Inhibitor I29
| Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 crystal structure of a cysteine protease proform | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I29 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF08246 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR013201 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The inhibitor I29
Inhibitor I34
| Saccharopepsin inhibitor I34 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 the structure of proteinase a complexed with an ia3 mutant inhibitor | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I34 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF10466 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR019507 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I34 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The saccharopepsin
cleft of the peptidase.Inhibitor I36
| Peptidase inhibitor family I36 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
The peptidase inhibitor family I36 domain is only found in a small number of
The
Inhibitor I42
| Chagasin family peptidase inhibitor I42 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 solution structure of the trypanosoma cruzi cysteine protease inhibitor chagasin | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I42 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF09394 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR018990 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I42 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Inhibitor family I42 includes chagasin, a reversible inhibitor of
Inhibitor I48
| Peptidase inhibitor clitocypin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I48 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF10467 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR019508 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I48 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Inhibitor family I48 includes clitocypin, which binds and
Inhibitor I53
| Thrombin inhibitor Madanin | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I53 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF11714 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR021716 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I53 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Members of this family are the
Inhibitor I67
| Bromelain inhibitor VI | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 nmr structure of bromelain inhibitor vi from pineapple stem | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I67 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF11405 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR022713 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I67 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Bromelain inhibitor VI, in the Inhibitor I67 family, is a double-chain inhibitor consisting of an 11-residue and a 41-residue chain.
Inhibitor I68
| Carboxypeptidase inhibitor I68 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 crystal structure of the tick carboxypeptidase inhibitor in complex with human carboxypeptidase b | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I68 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF10468 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR019509 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I68 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Carboxypeptidase inhibitor I68 family represents a family of tick carboxypetidase inhibitors.
Inhibitor I78
| Peptidase inhibitor I78 family | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | Inhibitor_I78 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF11720 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0367 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR021719 | ||||||||
| MEROPS | I78 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The peptidase inhibitor I78 family includes Aspergillus elastase inhibitor.
Compounds
- Aprotinin
- Bestatin
- Calpain inhibitor I and II
- Chymostatin
- E-64
- Leupeptin (N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal)
- alpha-2-Macroglobulin
- Pefabloc SC
- Pepstatin
- PMSF (phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride)
- TLCK
- Trypsin inhibitors
See also
References
External links
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
