Proteidae

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"Proteid" redirects here. For the group of organic compounds, see Protein.

Proteidae
Temporal range: Maastrichtian–Recent
Necturus maculosus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Urodela
Suborder: Salamandroidea
Family: Proteidae
Gray, 1825
Genera

The

Paranecturus being known from the Maastrichtian
of North America.

Taxonomy

Proteidae, is divided into two

extant genera, Necturus with five North American species, and Proteus with one extant European species, the olm
. A number of extinct genera are known extending back to the end of the Late Cretaceous.

Family Proteidae

Life history

In contrast to many

pedomorphosis. Despite having lungs, which appear to provide little use in respiration,[3] mudpuppies spend their entire lives underwater. The adult gills resemble fish gills in many ways, but differ from fish gills in that they are external and lack any form of operculum, or covering. The bright red exposed gills are often found closed against the body in cool, highly oxygenated water. In warmer, poorly oxygenated water, the gills expand to increase water circulation and provide greater surface area for oxygen intake. Necturus salamanders such as "mudpuppies" also absorb oxygen through their skin and by occasionally breathing air at the surface.[3]

Other distinguishing features of proteid salamanders, as compared with other salamanders, are the absence of eyelids and a lack of maxillary bones in the upper jaw. They show a degree of parental care, tending to the eggs after attaching them to submerged stones and logs. Proteid salamanders range in size from 28 centimetres (11 in) to 40 centimetres (16 in) in length.[4]

Members of the genus

Progenesis is common for mudpuppies, enabling them to reach sexual maturity in their larval
stage.

Even though they eat fish eggs, negative effects on fish populations have not been documented. Fishermen have been known to catch mudpuppies, sometimes in large numbers, but most often when ice fishing.[6] Necturus salamanders also commonly feed on mollusks, worms, insects and small fish.[7]

To distinguish between a larval mudpuppy and other larval salamanders, note that larval mudpuppies have distinct longitudinal banding and four toes on their hind legs, the combination of which is not found in most larval salamanders within the same range.[8] The main difference between a mudpuppy and a siren is that, whereas mudpuppies have both front and hind legs, a siren will only have one pair of very small, atrophied front legs.

See also

References

  1. ^ Mudpuppies, Mudpuppy Pictures, Mudpuppy Facts. Animals.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved on 2013-01-02.
  2. ^ a b c d e Rocek, Z (1994). "A Review of the fossil Caudata of Europe" (PDF). Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde. 17: 51–56.
  3. ^ a b Harris, J.P. Jr. (1959). "The natural history of Necturus: II". Field and Laboratory. 27 (2): 71–77.
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-12-178560-2
    .
  5. JSTOR 3890863
    .
  6. doi:10.1086/278597
    .
  7. ^ Wayne, Josh (August 20, 2023). "Mudpuppy VS Axolotl {Unbiased Comparison in Detail}". FitAquarium.com. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  8. ISBN 1588343081

External links

Data related to Proteidae at Wikispecies Media related to Proteidae at Wikimedia Commons

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