Protocanonical books

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The protocanonical books are those books of the

early church, and are considered non-canonical by most Protestants
.

There are typically 39 protocanonical books in most Christian bibles, which correspond to the 24 books in the Jewish Tanakh.

List

The list of protocanonical books is

Song of Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi
.

Enumeration

See also: Biblical canon

These books are typically 39 in number in most English-language bibles. Based on the Jewish tradition of the

minor prophets together as one book, one book each for 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, and 1 and 2 Chronicles, as well as a single book for Ezra and Nehemiah. In his prologues, Jerome[2] counted the same content as 22 books, combining Jeremiah with Lamentations and Judges with Ruth. The list given in Codex Hierosolymitanus numbers the same books at 27.[3][4][5]

These enumerations were sometimes given a numerological significance.

27 canonical books of the New Testament
.

Early variants

Most of the protocanonical books were broadly accepted among early Christians. However, some were omitted by a few of the earliest

reduced canon excluding the entire Hebrew Bible in favor of a modified version of Luke and ten of the Pauline epistles.[8]

Apart from the extreme example of the Marcionites, isolated disagreements over certain books' canonicity continued for centuries.

Jewish canon, possibly the one mentioned but not specified by Josephus. Theodore of Mopsuestia omitted Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes, Job, and Ezra–Nehemiah to obtain a listing of 22 books.[10]

New Testament

Main article: Development of the New Testament canon

By analogy with the early and broad acceptance of many of the Hebrew and

early Church (the Homologoumena, a Greek term meaning "confessed and undisputed"[11]), as distinguished from the remaining books (the Antilegomena, "spoken against"). Some of the Antilegomena, such as the Book of Revelation, later joined the protocanonical books in the canon. It may also be used to refer to all 27 books in their entirety, since they all have been recognized for 1500 years by almost all Christians, especially when making a distinction between them and uncanonical writings of the early Church.[citation needed
]

References

  1. ^ Old Testament of Douay, Vol. 1, Proemial Annotations, 1635
  2. ^ a b "Jerome's "Helmeted Introduction" to Kings | biblicalia". Bombaxo.com. 2006-07-27. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  3. ^ "Oxford Journals | Arts & Humanities | Journal of Theological Studies". Jts.oxfordjournals.org. Archived from the original on 2005-07-14. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  4. ^ [1] Archived February 10, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Sundberg: Old Testament of the Early Church". Department.monm.edu. 1962-12-28. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  6. ^ "The Bible". Thelatinlibrary.com. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  7. ^ Ehrman 2005, p. 109.
  8. ^ Ehrman 2005, p. 108.
  9. ^ "CHURCH FATHERS: Letter 39 (Athanasius)". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  10. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Theodore of Mopsuestia". Newadvent.org. 1912-07-01. Retrieved 2015-03-02.
  11. ^ Dr. Max D. Younce. "What are the Homologoumena and Antilegomena?". Heritagebbc.com. Archived from the original on 2013-09-09. Retrieved 2015-03-02.

Sources

  • Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew.
    ISBN 9780195182491
    .
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