Pseudoscaphirhynchus

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Pseudoscaphirhynchus
Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acipenseriformes
Family: Acipenseridae
Subfamily:
Scaphirhynchinae
Genus: Pseudoscaphirhynchus
A. M. Nikolskii
, 1900
Species
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
Synonyms[1][2]
  • Kessleria Boghdanov 1882 non Nowicki 1864 non Lichtenstein 1886
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus (Hemiscaphirhynchus) Berg 1911
  • Hemiscaphirhynchus (Berg 1911)

Pseudoscaphirhynchus is a genus of relatively small, highly threatened sturgeons that are restricted to the Aral Sea system (although extirpated from the Aral Sea itself), including the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins, in Central Asia.[3][4]

IUCN.[7][8][9][10]

Compared to other sturgeons, Pseudoscaphirhynchus are small. The largest species, P. kaufmanni, reaches up to 75 cm (30 in) in total length (excluding tail filament), while the smallest, P. hermanni, only reaches 27.5 cm (10.8 in), making it the smallest member of the sturgeon family.[4][9] P. kaufmanni has a long thin tail filament, P. hermanni lacks it, and it can be long or short in P. fedtschenkoi.[9] They have a relatively long, broad and flattened snout, somewhat like Scaphirhynchus of North America. Little is known about the behavior of Pseudoscaphirhynchus, but they mainly feed on the bottom on small fish and aquatic insect larvae.[11]

Taxonomy and species

Three different P. hermanni seen from above

There are currently three recognized species in this genus:[4]

  • Kessler
    , 1872) (Syr Darya sturgeon)
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus hermanni
     (Kessler, 1877) (dwarf sturgeon, small Amu Darya sturgeon)
  • Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni
     (Kessler, 1877) (Amu Darya sturgeon)

Historically, the two species in the Amu Darya River were known to hybridize.[11] Unusually, P. fedtschenkoi occurs (or occurred) in three morphs that can be separated by the length of their snout and tail filament, and P. kaufmanni occurs in two morphs that can be separated by their total size and colour.[9][10][11]

Although Pseudoscaphirhynchus and Scaphirhynchus traditionally are placed together in the subfamily

polyphyletic.[10][11][12]

References
  1. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Acipenseridae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  2. ^ "Acipenseridae" (PDF). Deeplyfish- fishes of the world. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  3. ^ "ITIS - Report: Pseudoscaphirhynchus".
  4. ^ a b c Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2019). Species of Pseudoscaphirhynchus in FishBase. May 2019 version.
  5. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T18599A8496937.en
    . Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  6. doi:10.1080/14634988.2015.1028870
  7. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T18600A8497165.en
    . Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  8. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-1.RLTS.T18601A8498207.en
    . Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  9. ^ a b c d Salnikov, V.B.; V.J. Birstein; and R.L. Mayden (1996). The contemporary status of the two Amu Darya River shovelnose sturgeons, Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni and P. hermanni. The Sturgeon Quarterly 4(3): 10–14.
  10. ^ a b c Kovalev, K.V.; D.A. Balashov; A.L. Cherniak; E. B. Lebedeva; E.D. Vasil'eva; and V.P. Vasil'ev (2016). The karyotype of the Amu Darya sturgeon, Pseudoscaphirhynchus kaufmanni (Actinopterygii: Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae). Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria 44(2): 111-116.
  11. ^
    ISBN 0-792-34517-7
  12. S2CID 219007942
    .
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