Psilocybe aztecorum
Psilocybe aztecorum | |
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In Nevado de Toluca, Mexico | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Hymenogastraceae |
Genus: | Psilocybe |
Species: | P. aztecorum
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Binomial name | |
Psilocybe aztecorum R.Heim (1957)
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Psilocybe aztecorum | |
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Gills on hymenium | |
Cap is convex or campanulate | |
Hymenium is adnate or adnexed | |
saprotrophic | |
Edibility is psychoactive |
Psilocybe aztecorum is a species of
The species was first reported by French mycologist
Taxonomy and nomenclature
The species was first mentioned by French mycologist
In 1978, Mexican mycologist and Psilocybe specialist
Psilocybe aztecorum is the
The
Description
The cap is convex to bell-shaped, sometimes developing a broad umbo before expanding and flattening in age; it reaches a diameter of 1.5–2 cm (0.6–0.8 in). In maturity, the cap eventually forms a central depression, and, in some old specimens, opens into the hollow stem. The cap surface is slimy to the touch, and has translucent striations along the margin when moist. The cap is strongly hygrophanous, meaning that it will change color depending on its level of hydration. The color ranges from yellowish brown to golden yellow in young button forms to brownish gray in age, with greenish-gray tints on the margin. The color later changes to whitish from the center to the margin, finally remaining completely white; dried specimens are straw-colored to pale brownish. In contrast to most psilocybin mushrooms, the cap of P. aztecorum does not have a strong bluing reaction upon injury—only the margin stains slightly green-blue.[1]
The
Microscopic characteristics
The spores are elongated-ellipsoid in face view, roughly terete (more or less cylindrical but usually tapering at both ends), slightly inequilateral or asymmetrical in side view—the so-called "mango" form. They typically have dimensions of 12–14 by 6.6–7.7 by 6–7.5 μm, although some spores have irregular shapes and are strongly elongated, up to 23 μm. Spores are thick-walled (generally between 1–1.5 μm), dark yellowish brown, and have a broad germ pore. The variety bonetii has smaller spores measuring 10–13 by 6–7.5 by 6–7 μm.[1]
The
Cheilocystidia and spores; small divisions are 1 μm | Basidia | Cap cuticle | Spores |
The subhymenium (a layer of cells immediately below the
Similar species
Habitat and distribution
A
Psilocybe aztecorum is known only from the high mountains of central Mexico, such as
Entheogenic use
Psilocybe aztecorum contains the
The statue of the
Psilocybe aztecorum is still used ceremonially by the
See also
- Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms
- List of psilocybin mushrooms
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Guzmán (1983), pp. 323–6.
- ^ Heim R. (1956). "Les champignons divinatoires recueillis par Mme. V. P. Wasson et M. R. G. Wasson au cours de leurs missions de 1954 et 1955 dans le pays mije, mazateque, zapoteque et nahua du Mexique méridional et central" [The divinatory mushrooms collected by Mrs. V. P. Wasson and R. G. Wasson during their missions in 1954 and 1955 in the Mazatec, Zapotec, and Nahua areas of southern and central Mexico]. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences (in French). 242: 1389–95.
- ^ a b Heim R. (1957). "Notes préliminaires sur les agarics hallucinogènes du Mexique" [Preliminary notes on the hallucination-producing Agarics of Mexico]. Revue de Mycologie (in French). 22 (1): 58–79.
- ISSN 0024-3019.
- ^ PMID 566852.
- ISSN 0365-1932.
- ^ Guzmán G. (1995). "Supplement to the monograph of the genus Psilocybe". Bibliotheca Mycologica. 159: 91–141.
- ^ a b Guzmán G, Allen JW, Gartz J (2000). "A worldwide geographical distribution of the neurotropic fungi, an analysis and discussion" (PDF). Annali del Museo Civico di Rovereto: Sezione Archeologia, Storia, Scienze Naturali. 14: 189–280.
- ^ "Psilocybe natarajanii Guzmán 1995". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Record details: Psilocybe natarajanii Guzmán, Biblthca Mycol. 159: 109 (1995)". Index Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ a b c Stamets (1996), pp. 92–3.
- ^ S2CID 22085876.
- ^ JSTOR 3756196.
- ^ JSTOR 3793262.
- ISBN 978-3-7682-1344-8.
- ^ Beug M. (2011). "The Genus Psilocybe in North America" (PDF). Fungi Magazine. 4 (3): 6–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-31.
- ^ Stamets (1996), p. 134.
- ^ Guzmán (1983), p. 327.
- ^ Guzmán (1983), p. 331.
- ^ S2CID 39166363.
- PMID 957919.
- .
- JSTOR 1587370.
- ^ Hofmann A. (1971). "Teonanácatl and Ololiuqui, two ancient magic drugs of Mexico". Bulletin on Narcotics. 23 (1): 3–14.
- ^ Knauth LG. (1962). "The teonanacatl in pre-conquest accounts and today" (PDF). Estudios de Cultura Nahuatl. 5: 263–75.
- ^ Stamets (1996), pp. 11–2.
- ^ Stamets (1996), p. 110.
- PMID 21148986.
- ^ Lipp (1998), pp. 150–1.
Cited texts
- Guzmán G. (1983). The Genus Psilocybe: A Systematic Revision of the Known Species Including the History, Distribution, and Chemistry of the Hallucinogenic Species. Beihefte Zur Nova Hedwigia. Heft 74. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: J. Cramer. ISBN 978-3-7682-5474-8.
- Lipp FJ. (1998). The Mixe of Oaxaca: Religion, Ritual, and Healing. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-74705-0.
- Stamets P. (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World: An Identification Guide. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-89815-839-7.
- Schultes RE. (1940). "Teonanacatl: The narcotic mushroom of the Aztecs". American Anthropologist. New Series. 42 (3, Part 1): 429–43. .
External links
- Psilocybe aztecorum in Index Fungorum
- YouTube Microscopy of pleurocystidia