Psittacidae

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Neotropical and Afrotropical parrots
Temporal range: Eocene-Holocene
Male scarlet macaw
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Superfamily: Psittacoidea
Family: Psittacidae
Rafinesque, 1815
Subfamilies

See text for genera.

The

Arinae (the New World or Neotropical parrots) including several species that have gone extinct in recent centuries. Some of the most iconic birds in the world are represented here, such as the blue-and-yellow macaw among the New World parrots and the grey parrot
among the Old World parrots.

Distribution

All of the parrot species in this family are found in tropical and subtropical zones and inhabit

extinct and another extirpated, once inhabited the United States.[1]

Evolutionary history

This family probably had its origin early in the

Cacatuidae approximately 33 Mya.[3]

The data place most of the diversification of psittaciformes around 40 Mya, after the separation of Australia from West Antarctica and South America.[2][4] Divergence of the Psittacidae from the ancestral parrots resulted from a common radiation event from what was then West Antarctica into South America, then Africa, via late Cretaceous land bridges that survived through the Paleogene.[5]

Taxonomy

The family Psittacidae was introduced (as Psittacea) by French

Psittacoidea of all true parrots, which includes family Psittacidae.[9]

The following phylogeny shows how the family Psittacidae relates to the three other families in the order

Pamela Rasmussen and David Donsker on behalf of the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), now the International Ornithologists' Union.[9][10]

Psittaciformes

Strigopidae
– New Zealand parrots (4 species)

Cacatuidae
– Cockatoos (22 species)

Psittacidae – African and New World parrots (179 species)

Psittaculidae – Old World parrots (203 species)

The family contains 179 species and is divided into 37 genera. Included are four species that have become extinct in historical times: the

monophyletic.[3] The number of species in each genus is taken from the IOC list.[10]

Psittacidae
Psittacinae

Psittacus – African grey parrots (2 species)

Poicephalus – Poicephalus parrots (10 species)

Arinae
Amoropsittacini

Touit – parrotlets (8 species)

Nannopsittaca, Bolborhynchus, Psilopsiagon – parrotlets, parakeets (7 species)

Forpini

Forpus – parrotlets (9 species)

Androglossini

Myiopsitta – Quaker parakeets (2 species)

Brotogeris – parakeets (8 species)

Pionopsitta
– pileated parrot

Triclaria
– blue-bellied parrot

Hapalopsittaca – parrots (4 species)

Pyrilia – parrots (7 species)

Amazona
– Amazon parrots (31 species)

Pionus – Pionus parrots (8 species)

Graydidascalus
– short-tailed parrot

Alipiopsitta
- yellow-faced parrot

Arini

Deroptyus
– red-fan/hawk-headed parrot

Pionites
– caiques (2 species)

Rhynchopsitta – thick-billed parrots (2 species)

Pyrrhura – parakeets (24 species)

Cyanoliseus – burrowing parrot/Patagonian conure

Enicognathus – parakeets (2 species)

Anodorhynchus – blue macaws (3 species)

Conuropsis
– † Carolina parakeet

Aratinga – parakeets, sun conure (6 species)

Cyanopsitta
– Spix's macaw

Orthopsittaca
– red-bellied macaw

Primolius – mini-macaws (3 species)

Ara – macaws (9 species)

Eupsittula – parakeets (5 species)

Psittacara – parakeets (13 species)

Ognorhynchus
– yellow-eared parrot

Leptosittaca
– golden-plumed parakeet

Thectocercus
– blue-crowned parakeet

Guaruba
– golden parakeet/Queen of Bavaria's conure

Diopsittaca
– red-shouldered/Hahn's/noble macaw

References

  1. ^ Forshaw, J. (2000). Parrots of the World, 3rd Ed. Australia: Lansdowne. pp. 303, 385.
  2. ^
    PMID 18653733
    .
  3. ^
    PMID 35916751
    .
  4. PMID 18653733
    .
  5. ^ Remsen, Van. "Proposal (599) to South American Classification Committee: Revise classification of the Psittaciformes". Retrieved 17 December 2013.
  6. ^ Rafinesque, Constantine Samuel (1815). Analyse de la nature ou, Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés (in French). Vol. 1815. Palermo: Self-published. p. 64.
  7. hdl:2246/830
    .
  8. ^ Collar, N. (1997). Birds of the World, Vol.4. del Hoyo. p. 241.
  9. ^
    doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3205.1.2
    .
  10. ^
    Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos"
    . IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
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