Psyllid
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (July 2011) |
Psyllid | |
---|---|
Hackberry psyllid – Pachysylla sp.[1][2] | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hemiptera |
Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
Superfamily: | Psylloidea |
Family: | Psyllidae , 1807
Latreille |
Genera | |
See text |
Psyllidae, the jumping plant lice or psyllids, are a family of small plant-feeding insects that tend to be very host-specific, i.e. each plant-louse species only feeds on one plant species (monophagous) or feeds on a few closely related plants (oligophagous). Together with aphids, phylloxerans, scale insects and whiteflies, they form the group called Sternorrhyncha, which is considered to be the most "primitive" group within the true bugs (Hemiptera). They have traditionally been considered a single family, Psyllidae, but recent classifications divide the group into a total of seven families;[citation needed] the present restricted definition still includes more than 70 genera in the Psyllidae. Psyllid fossils have been found from the Early Permian before the flowering plants evolved. The explosive diversification of the flowering plants in the Cretaceous was paralleled by a massive diversification of associated insects, and many of the morphological and metabolic characters that the flowering plants exhibit may have evolved as defenses against herbivorous insects.
Several genera of psyllids, especially among the
Genera
The following list[4] is currently subject to review:
- Acizzia
- Agonoscena
- Allocarsidara
- Arytainilla
- Blastopsylla
- Boreioglycaspis
- Cacopsylla
- Chamaepsylla
- Cryptoneossa
- Ctenarytaina
- Diaphorina
- Eucalyptolyma
- Euphyllura
- Glycaspis
- Heteropsylla
- Prosopidopsylla
- Psylla
- Psyllopsis
- Retroacizzia
- Tetragonocephela
Higher taxonomy
Some genera, including agriculturally important pest species, have been classed as Psyllidae, but may now classified in the family Triozidae.[citation needed]
Coevolution
Insect-plant interactions have been important in defining models of coevolution and cospeciation, referring to whether plant speciation drives insect speciation and vice versa, though most herbivorous insects probably evolved long after the plants on which they feed.[citation needed]
Status as pests
Citrus greening, also known as
References
- ^ Cirrus Digital Hackberry Psyllid
- ^ Bugguide.net Pachypsylla species
- .
- ^ Ouvrard D, The World Psylloidea Database: Psyllidae[permanent dead link] (in French, English, Spanish, and German)
- ^ International Psyllid Genome Consortium
- Oppong, C. K.; Addo-Bediako, A.; Potgieter, M. J.; Wessels, D. C. J. (2009). "Distribution of the Eggs of the Mopane PsyllidRetroacizzia mopani(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on the Mopane Tree". African Invertebrates. 50 (1): 185–190. .
- Burckhardt, D.; Kotrba, M. (2009). "A Review of Afrotropical Plant-Lice of the Genus Moraniella, with Description of a New Species (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae: Rhinocolinae)". African Invertebrates. 50 (2): 287. .
- Marutani-Hert, M.; Hunter, W. B.; Hall, D. G. (2009). "Establishment of Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) primary cultures". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 45 (7): 317–320. S2CID 9939277.
- Marutani-Hert, M.; Hunter, W. B.; Katsar, C. S.; Sinisterra, X. H.; Hall, D. G.; Powell, C. A. (2009). "Reovirus-Like Sequences Isolated from Adult Asian Citrus Psyllid, (Hemiptera: Psyllidae:Diaphorina citri)". Florida Entomologist. 92 (2): 314. .
- Hunter, WB; Dowd, SE; Katsar, CS; Shatters Jr, RG; McKenzie, CL; Hall, DG. (2009). "Psyllid biology: expressed genes in adult "Asian citrus psyllid", Diaphorina citri Kuwayama". The Open Entomology Journal. 3: 18–29. .
- Boykin, L. M.; Bagnall, R. A. N.; Frohlich, D. R.; Hall, D. G.; Hunter, W. B.; Katsar, C. S.; McKenzie, C. L.; Rosell, R. C.; Shatters Jr., R. G. (2007). "Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the vector for citrus greening disease, huanglongbing". Molecular Ecology Notes. 7 (6): 1202. .
- Avery, P. B.; Hunter, W. B.; Hall, D. G.; Jackson, M. A.; Powell, C. A.; Rogers, M. E. (2009). "Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Infection and Dissemination of the Entomopathogenic FungusIsaria fumosorosea(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Under Laboratory Conditions". Florida Entomologist. 92 (4): 608. .
External links
On the University of Florida / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Featured Creatures website